Ask about the content and meaning of a poem "Building a Warehouse with White Dew as Frost"

Jia Xu, from The Book of Songs, National Style, Qin Feng, is a poem that describes the deep yearning for the right person and the disappointment that it is hard to fill.

The Millennium is frost. The so-called Iraqis are on the water side. Tracing back and forth, the road is blocked and long. Swim back from it, in the middle of the water

It's been a long time, and it hasn't changed for thousands of years. The so-called Iraqis are in the water. Tracing back and forth from it, the road is blocked and broken. Swim back from the inside and swim in the water.

Jia Cai, peace and prosperity have not passed. The so-called Iraqis are in the water. Go back and follow, the road is blocked and turn right. Swim back from the inside and swim in the water.

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Folding translation

The reeds are dense and gloomy, and the dew is crystal clear and frosty. The good man in my heart stood by the river. It's too long to find her upstream. Go downstream to find her, as if in the middle of the water.

The reeds are lush and dense, and the crystal dew is still wet. The good man in my heart is standing by the river. Going upstream to find her, the road is rugged and difficult to climb. Go down the river to find her, as if on a beach.

The reeds take root piece by piece, glittering and translucent like dew and tears. The good man in my heart is standing by the river. Sail against the current to find her, and the journey is dangerous. Go down to the river to find her, as if she were in the water.

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The connotation and significance of the first poem

This poem ostensibly shows the love between men and women. The blending of scenes is touching, which not only clearly describes the objective scenery seen by the protagonist at this time, but also implicitly implies his mood and feelings at this time, which is consistent with the poet's sad mood of being trapped in melancholy thoughts. In other words, the poet's sad mood is also enhanced by such a cool autumn scenery, and the image is concrete. Wang Fuzhi's "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" said: "People who care about love are all landscapes, just like themselves. Although the scene is divided into heart and object. Scenery gives birth to love, affection gives birth to scenery, sadness and joy touch each other, honor and disgrace meet each other, and hide their homes. " This poem combines the unique scenery in late autumn with the euphemistic and melancholy lovesickness feelings of the characters, thus rendering the atmosphere of the whole poem and creating a confusing and scene-blending artistic conception. In addition, the poem "Jia Xu" combines the realistic situation with imagination and fantasy, and strengthens the appeal of lyric writing by means of mutual growth of reality and reality, vague and hazy images. "The so-called Iraqi people are beyond the water" is his first illusion. He clearly saw a figure on the other side, but he couldn't get close to her. "Wandering in the middle of the water" is his second illusion. Suddenly, he felt that the person he loved appeared on an island surrounded by running water, but he could not swim to her side. That beautiful image is "on the water side" for a while and "in the middle of the water" for a while; One moment on the shore, the other on the highland. It's like being in a fantasy, in a dream, but the protagonist firmly believes that this is true and spares no effort to pursue her. This is a vivid and profound description of an infatuated person's psychological state and strong feelings for his loved one. The ambiguity and confusion of this image make the whole poem have a hazy aesthetic feeling and give birth to a charming artistic appeal.

Jia Jian belongs to Qin Feng. When Wang Xiaoshi was in Zhou Dynasty, Fei Zi, the ancestor of Qin State, was sealed in Qin Valley (now Tianshui, Gansu). When Wang Ping moved eastward, Qin Xianggong was escorted by troops and got a large fief in the west of Qishan. Later, Qin gradually moved eastward, all in Yong (now Xingping, Shaanxi). Qin land includes the area from Guanzhong of Shaanxi to southeastern Gansu. Qin Feng * * * ten articles, mostly folk songs in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

This poem of cherishing people has always had different interpretations. Some people think that the author misses his lover and the theme of the poem is to write about love; Some people say that the poet satirized that Qin Xianggong could not be a good corporal through his bosom friend, which led to the hermit of the wise men and refused to come out to be an official; Some people say that the author is a hermit, and this poem is the work of Zhi Ming. We are poetic, and the love between men and women is not clearly expressed in the poem. Besides, it is difficult to judge whether "Iraqi" is a man or a woman. It is even more unfounded to say that it is a satire. Therefore, we only regard "Iraqi people" as the person whom the author admires and loves, whether male or female.

The phrase "white dew is frost and white dew is ash" points out the time and environment from the image and color. The dense reeds growing by the river are light blue, and the crystal dew has condensed into thick frost with a white brush. The slight autumn wind brings people chills, and the boundless autumn water is even more chilly. In this bleak and quiet late autumn morning, the poet sometimes stops, sometimes hesitates, sometimes looks up, and sometimes frowns and meditates. His anxiety appeared before our eyes from time to time. It turned out that he longed for a friend. The phrase "The so-called Iraqi people are on the other side of the water" shows the object of the poet's admiration and the position of the Iraqi people, and shows the poet's desire to see but not see, looking through the autumn water and looking for it. "Iraqi people" refers to people who are close to the poet, respected and loved by the poet, and never forget. The word "so-called" shows that "Iraqi" is often mentioned and kept saying, but he is on the other side of the long river. The tone of On the Water Side is positive, which shows that the poet is convinced of his existence and pursues it with confidence, but the river is isolated from the world and it is not easy to meet each other. "It's a long road to and from here;" Go upstream, follow it, in the middle of the water. "It's a long and arduous journey on the river path, even if it takes a long time, it's hard to get there; If you swim across the river directly, although the distance is not far, you can see the endless autumn water in front of you, which is difficult to do, as if you saw the figure of Iraqis shaking in the middle of the water. Although the poet stood by the river, his trance-like mind was already flying, and he couldn't help but see the image of Iraqi ecstasy vividly. The wonder of poetry, as Fang Yurun said: "It is out of reach to play with its words. "If you taste its meaning, you can really ask for it, but it's not far. Think about it and you can achieve it. " (Original Book of Songs)

The second and third chapters of the poem have only changed a few words, and the content is basically the same as the first chapter. But it embodies the musical characteristics of poetry singing, enhances the melodious and harmonious beauty of rhythm, and makes the feelings expressed stronger and stronger. The first chapter's "grey", the second chapter's "sadness" and the last chapter's "picking" show the change of reed color from light green to sad green and then to white, which makes the bleak atmosphere in late autumn more and more intense and sets off the poet's cold environment and lonely mood at that time. The transformation of "white dew is frost", "thawing" and "thawing" depicts the gradual scene and process of the morning dew turning frost into autumn water, and vividly outlines the track of time development, indicating that the poet came to the river at dawn and stayed until the sun rose. Imagine that he wandered alone in the cold and lonely wilderness for a long time, facing endless autumn waters, waiting for people to disappear, thinking about people, how anxious and melancholy he was! When describing the position of the Iraqi people, due to the change of words such as "square", "beauty" and "joy", it truly describes the activities and psychological images of the Iraqi people waiting for poets and poets to meet them on the other side, which greatly broadens the artistic conception of the poem. In addition, the changes of "long", "sharp", "right", "middle", "sweet" and "sweet" all describe his great difficulty in finding Iraqis and his eagerness to meet friends from different roads and directions. If we relate several groups of deformed words used in the three chapters to taste, we can better appreciate the meaningful and honest meaning of this poem.

At the beginning of each chapter of the poem, the brushwork of seeing interest in fu is adopted. Through the description and admiration of the real scene in front of me, I drew an ethereal artistic conception that enveloped the whole article. The poet grasps the uniqueness of autumn colors, and repeatedly depicts and renders the empty and sad atmosphere in late autumn, so as to express the poet's disappointment but ardent yearning for his friends. Just as "Words on Earth" said, "Jia Jian's poem impressed me the most." It has the characteristics of "seeing things by myself, so everything is my color" and "its feeling will be refreshing; Its landscape writing will also attract attention; " She blurted out her words without thinking.

This widely read poem has obvious influence on later generations. Let's look at a description in Song Yu's "Nine Debates": "Autumn sadness is anger! Bleak, the vegetation falls and decays; If you want to travel far; Get the moon first by being close to the water tower; The sky is crisp; Lonely and lonely, clear water; I'm sad, I'm sad, I'm cold. "Here, through the description of the autumn weather and the fall of vegetation, a cold atmosphere is created and the poet's sad mood is expressed. This may be influenced by the poem Jia Jian, from which we can see the inheritance and development clues of Chu Ci to The Book of Songs. There are high-rise buildings in the northwest of Nineteen Ancient Poems, and the brushwork of expressing emotion with scenery also follows the brushwork of Jianjia poem. Later, from this poem, Cao Pi translated the poem "The autumn wind is bleak and the weather is cool, and the vegetation is like frost". It can be seen that Jia Xu plays a very important role in the history of ancient poetry.

(Selected from Treasures of China Literature Appreciation, Shaanxi People's Education Publishing House, 1995).