Statistical data of flood disaster in Huaihe River

Huaihe river basin is located in the transitional zone between north and south climate, with rainfall affected by monsoon and frequent floods in history. According to statistics, during the 500 years from 1450 to 1949, there were 25/kloc-0 floods in the eastern plain of Huaibei, once every two years on average. Large and extraordinary floods are 6 1, with an average of 8-9 years. South Henan flood 160, with an average of 8 years; There are 42 major and extraordinary floods, with an average return period of 12 years. The floods that occurred after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) are described as follows:

1, 1954 flood. 1954 jianghuai flood, the biggest flood in the whole basin since 1950.

In July, there was a southwest-northeast, static and little moving shear line over Jianghuai, and the southwest vortex moved eastward along this line, resulting in five large-scale rainfall processes in our province in July, with heavy rains concentrated. The rainstorm path starts from Huainan mountain area and advances to the Hongru River and Sha Ying Valley in the northwest direction, in which: the monthly rainfall of Xiongjiahe Station in Xinxian County is 990.2mm, that of Zhuyuan Station in Shangcheng County is 92 1.8mm, that of Gushi Station is 855.2mm, and that of Shenqiu Station is 889.3mm, all of which are equal to or exceed the local average annual rainfall for many years.

Due to heavy rainfall, long duration, flash floods, the river surged. There were seven consecutive flood peaks at Xixian Station of Huaihe River, four of which exceeded the guaranteed water level (40.50 meters), with the highest water level of 42.95 meters and the corresponding flow rate of 5830 cubic meters per second. On July 6th, the highest water level of Huaibin Station reached 30.89 meters, exceeding the crest 1.5 meters, corresponding to a flow of 6360 cubic meters per second. The highest water levels of the Yellow River, Bailu River and Shiguan River, tributaries of Huainan, all exceed the flood peak by 0.35 ~1.6m. The highest water level of Jiang Ji Station is 3 1.30m, with a maximum flow of 4,600 cubic meters per second, which overflows both upstream and downstream. The flood peak flow at Suiping Station of Hongru River is 17 10 cubic meter per second, which is 1.43 times of the river safety flow. Suiping, Xiping, Runan, Pingyu and Xincai all exceeded the guaranteed water level by 0.2 ~1.14m; Ban station has exceeded the guaranteed water level 18 days.

Due to the extraordinary flood, serious floods have been caused. Huaibin County was flooded except for the bottom of the post; The water depth of sanhejian in Gushi County is1.5 ~ 3.6m. Xu Ji and Jiang Ji have Wang Yang sailing on the flat land. The low-lying areas in Xiangcheng, Shenqiu, Shangshui, Xincai, Pingyu and other counties generally accumulate water about 1 m, with a depth of 2 meters. The Hongru River to the east of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway overflowed along the embankment, and most crops were flooded within 1 ~ 3 km. The main stream of Fenhe River is below Qinxiang Lake and Baisi Temple in Shangshui County, and the Nihe River is below Caigouji. Slope is Wang Yang, and the water level of dozens of levees on both sides of the river is the same. It took more than 20 days to fall into the river, and the depression accumulated water for more than a month.

2. The flood is at 1956. On June 2 ~ 1 1, the rainstorm center was in the upper reaches of Huaihe River and the middle reaches of Hongru River. The rainfall at Damiaofan Station is 535.6 mm, that at Pingyu Station is 607.6 mm, and that at Gushi, Huaibin, Xincai and Nanlidian stations is over 300 mm. The floods in the main stream of Huaihe River and the tributaries of Huainan River all exceed the guaranteed water level of the river, and the floods generally overflow. On June 8, the peak flow of Xixian Station in the main stream of Huaihe River reached 7270 cubic meters per second, and that of Huaibin Station reached 8000 cubic meters per second. Because the rainfall time coincides with the wheat harvest season in the upper reaches of Huaihe River and Hongru River area, the sudden flash floods caused the harvested wheat piles to be washed away by the flood, and the wheat was picked up in the water. The uncut fields were soaked and moldy by floods, which led to a serious reduction in summer harvest.

The second time was from June 18 to June 25th. The rainstorm center was in the upper reaches of Sha Ying, and the rainfall intensity was relatively high. The rainfall at Erlangmiao Station is 607.3 mm, the rainfall at Xiatang Station is 420 mm, the peak flow at Xiatang Station is 4,820 cubic meters per second on June 2 1 day, and that at Yexian Station is 8 10 cubic meters per second, which causes the dikes in the west of Shahe River to overflow generally. On both banks of Shahe River, there is a Wang Yang in zhanhe, Huihewa and Tanghewa. The flood discharge of Nihewa is 65.438+0.98 billion cubic meters.

3. The flood is in 1963. In may of that year, the Pacific high was powerful, and the ridge of subtropical high was near 25 N (5 ~ 10 compared with the same period of last year), and cold air invaded our province continuously, causing continuous rain. From May 7 to 8, the rainfall in Gushi and other places was about 150 mm, and there was a rainstorm in Quan Min on May 18. The daily rainfall in Quan Min was 256 mm and that in Tangzhai was 238 mm, and it continued to rain until the end of the month. The rainfall in Shangqiu City in May was 255.2 mm, of which Yongcheng Station was 433 mm, which was 7 times of the rainfall in the same period of the year. At that time, most of the rivers had not been treated, and some water blocking projects had not been treated, and the drainage capacity was still very low. The rainstorm caused a Wang Yang in the eastern Henan plain. Quan Min-Suixian, Taikang-Suixian-Kaifeng, Qixian-Lankao, Kaifeng-Fugou, Luoshan-Huaibin, Huangchuan-Guxian and Mixian-Nanyang highways in southern Henan were all interrupted.

4. The flood is at 1964. At the beginning of April, heavy rain began to appear in the mountainous area of Huainan, and the daily rainfall in Guangshan and other places reached more than 100 mm, and flood peaks appeared in the tributaries of Huainan and the main stream of Huaihe River. The water levels of the Yellow River, Bailu River and Shiguan River all exceed the guaranteed water level, and the Zhugan River is also close to the guaranteed water level. Although the rivers did not burst, they caused serious waterlogging on the banks, and the water accumulated for more than 20 days.

From April/KLOC-0 to July-20, the rainstorm center was in Funiu Mountain area, and the rainfall was nearly 300 mm. The cumulative rainfall of Baiguishan Reservoir in Shahe is 200mm in the last four days. The water of Baiguishan Reservoir rose to 103.89m at 22: 00 on April 2 1 day, with a storage capacity of 38 10/00000 cubic meters, which washed away the cofferdam of the flood gate under construction and discharged the maximum. The downstream Nihewa was forced to open the floodgates at 4: 00 on the 22nd to divert flood, with the maximum flood diversion flow 1.700 cubic meters per second, the maximum flood level of 66.99 meters and the flood storage capacity 1.47 billion cubic meters, which led to the flooding of 5.3 hectares of wheat in the flood detention area, the earliest flood diversion in the past years.

65438+ 10 In September and June, there were rainy days in the upper reaches of Sha Ying, from heavy rain to heavy rain. The monthly rainfall of Gushitan Station is 438 mm, that of Zhaoping Station is 374 mm, and that of June is 5438+ 10 ~ 200 mm. The monthly rainfall of each region is 2.5 ~ 3.3 times that of the same period of the year. As a result, the flood occurred again in Nihewa flood storage and detention area on June 5 10, which became the latest flood inflow in the past years since the completion of Nihewa flood storage and detention area. 9, 10, heavy rainfall, rare for many years.

5. The flood is at 1968. 1968 floods are mainly in the main stream of Huaihe River. In mid-July, there was a general rainstorm in this area, especially the biggest flood of 4 1 year in the main stream of Huaihe River since 1950, which caused serious floods.

In mid-July, the Pacific subtropical high stabilized in the Jianghuai area, confronting the cold air from northwest to south, forming a low trough with little change. From July 12 to July 17, rainfall continued in the upper reaches of Huaihe River, and the subtropical high moved northward on the 20th, and the weather improved. The characteristics of this rainfall are as follows: first, the previous rainfall was relatively large, with an average rainfall of140mm from June 28th to July 4th; Second, heavy rainfall and long duration. The accumulated rainfall in the main stream of Huaihe River and Huainan Station for 6 days is above 400 mm; Third, the rainstorm trend is relatively stable. The rainy areas in the first three days are mainly in the main stream of Huaihe River and Zhugan River, and the last three days are mainly in the tributaries south of Huaihe River.

Due to the great influence of the previous rainfall, the late rainstorm and the Huaihe River flood moved eastward in the same direction, and the flood peaks followed one after another, forming a compound flood peak superimposed by high-bottom water floods. The average rainfall above Xixian County is about 560mm. The main stream of Huaihe River and its tributaries, such as Shihe River, Huangxiaohe River and Zhugan River, are integrated into foreign exchange rivers in the dike and converge to Xixian County. On July 15, the highest water level of Xixian Station was 45.29m, and the flood surface was 2500m wide, reaching Pugongshan in the south and Xixian in the north. Wangwan Village, where the hydrological station is located, has become an island with a maximum flow of 65,438. The average rainfall above Huang Chuan Station of the Yellow River is 527mm, the highest water level 16 is 40.62m, and the maximum discharge is 3330m3 seconds. The flood overflowed the top of the dike, and the right dike above the south of Huangchuan River was flooded for 6 kilometers. The highway from Huangchuan to Shangcheng was Wang Yang. The average rainfall above Huaibin is 490 mm, and several floods in the main stream of Huaihe River and its tributaries converge to Huaibin. On June 16, the highest water level of Huaibin Station reached 33.29 meters, and the maximum flow rate was 16600 cubic meters per second. The flood level is 0.79 meters higher than the crest and dike of Huaibin County. The main and tributary dikes are generally flooded, and there is a flood between the north and south hills. The measured discharge of Wangjiaba is 17600 m3/s (with breach reduction, the total discharge is 20650 m3/s). On June 6th 1, Wangjiaba sluice was opened for flood diversion; At 7: 00, the gate was fully opened, with the maximum flood diversion flow1.620m3/s and the highest water level of 30.35m, which was 0.35m ~1.35m higher than the top of Mengwa circle dike. The bridge deck of the flood diversion gate is 0.85 meters deep, and the flood in Mengwa is out of control and overflows completely. The maximum discharge of Jiangji Station in Shiguan River is 3 1 10 cubic meters per second, and the highest water level in sanhejian, the main stream of Huaihe River, reaches 29.84 meters, which is washed near Chencun, Wanglin Dike, and some floods enter Chengxi Lake. The flood diversion sluice of Honghe River was also opened at 17: 42 at 14, with the highest flood diversion level of 35.98 meters and the maximum discharge of 776 cubic meters per second. The feature of this flood is that the water level in the main stream recedes slowly, and the water level in Huaibin is above 30 meters for 6 and a half days. The flood level of Wangjiadi exceeded the elevation of dam crest by more than 30 meters for 4 days.

The main stream area of Huaihe River suffered from this extraordinary flood, which caused serious flood disaster. Because the flood level generally exceeds the top of the dike, large and small rivers inside and outside the dike flood at the same time, and Wang Yang is located along the Huaihe River. After Huaibin County entered the water, the roof of the house was flooded, which lasted for 20-30 days between the county and sanhejian, and the maximum submerged depth was 3-5 meters. 1, 978, 1, 000 people were affected, 500,000-600,000 people's houses were washed away, and 5 1, 1, 800 houses collapsed in southern Henan. The affected area of Xinyang City is 128 thousand hectares, and that of Zhumadian City is also 187 thousand hectares.

6. The flood is at 1975. 1In August, 975, a rare torrential rain occurred in the upper reaches of the Hongru River in Henan Province, which triggered a catastrophic flood that shocked the whole country.

Rain: August 4-8 1975 As Typhoon No.3 went deep inland, it formed a strong and low pressure system, pushed to Changsha, turned northward, moved into Henan Province, stayed for 2-3 days, and confronted the cold air from the south. This thermal low-pressure system carries a lot of water vapor from the ocean. Encountered with strong cold air, the convergence is particularly strong, and affected by the uplift of the terrain, resulting in a rare rainstorm and flood in Zhumadian, central Henan. The characteristics of this rainstorm are: large intensity, wide area and bad rain pattern. Rainfall is mainly concentrated on the 5th, 6th and 7th days, and consists of three heavy rains. The first rainstorm occurred on 5th 14 ~ 24: 00, the second rainstorm occurred from 6th 12 to 4th on 7th, and the third rainstorm occurred from 7th 16 to 5th on 8th. Among them, the rainstorm was the largest on the 7th, followed by the 5th and the smallest on the 6th. The rainstorm on the 7th was not only extensive and intense, but also 50% ~ 80% of the rainfall was concentrated in the last 6 hours. The three-day maximum point rainfall of the rainstorm center is Zhuanglin Station 1605mm and Guo Lin Station 15 17mm, which is equivalent to twice the local annual average rainfall. The 24-hour maximum rainfall at Zhuanglin Station1016mm, of which the 6-hour maximum rainfall is 830mm, reaching the world record.

The affected area of this rainstorm is more than 40,000 square kilometers, and the coverage areas of rainfall exceeding 600 mm and 400 mm in three days are 8200 and 16890 square kilometers respectively.

Water regime: This torrential rain is fierce, causing reservoirs and rivers to greatly exceed the design standards. There are 10 large reservoirs in the rainstorm area, in which the water levels of Banqiao, Shimantan and Baoshan reservoirs exceed the dam crest, Suya Lake and Gushitan Reservoir exceed the check water level, and Zhaopingtai and Baiguishan Reservoir exceed the design water level. Banqiao Reservoir and Shimantan Reservoir, located in the center of the rainstorm, broke their dams around 1 in the early morning of August 8, and there are two other medium-sized reservoirs? Zhugou, Tiangang and 58 small reservoirs have been dam-broken. When Banqiao Dam breaks, the maximum inflow rate is 13000 m3/s, and the maximum outflow rate is 78800 m3/s, of which the dam-break rate is 78 100 m3/s; From 8 1 hour, the dam burst and the water level dropped sharply. It will be basically emptied at 7: 00 in the morning, and 70 1 10,000 cubic meters of flood will be discharged downstream within 6 hours. The maximum inflow of Shimantan Reservoir is 6,280 cubic meters per second, and the dam-break flow is 30,000 cubic meters per second. From 0: 30 on the 8th, the dam burst, and by 6: 00, the reservoir was basically emptied. In five and a half hours, 65.438+0.67 billion cubic meters of flood poured downstream, causing devastating disasters to the downstream. The highest water level of Baoshan Reservoir is 0.4 1 m higher than the top of the dam (0.3 m lower than the top of the breakwater wall), and the dam was saved by the military and civilians. The peak flow of Suya Lake is 24,500 cubic meters per second, and the highest water level is only 0.34 meters away from the dam top. Some low dam sections have begun to overflow, and after vigorous rescue, they have turned the corner.

The flood generated runoff of 65.438+05.74 billion cubic meters, including 5.73 billion cubic meters of Hongru River, 5.55 billion cubic meters of Shaying River and 580 million cubic meters of Fenquan River.

Hongruhe. After the dam break of Banqiao Reservoir, the flood rolled down the Ruhe River and the slopes on both sides, with a head height of 3-7 meters and an average velocity of 6 meters per second. After the flood, villages and trees were washed away. At 6 o'clock in the morning, the flood peak reached Suiping, and the width of diffusion overflow was about 10km, and suiping county City was flooded. According to the survey of Suiping Station, the peak flow reaches 53,400 cubic meters per second. The Beijing-Guangzhou Railway was destroyed. After the flood crossed the railway, a large flood entered the Suyahu Reservoir, and another flood was injected into the northeast to join the Xiaohonghe flood. After the dam of Shimantan Reservoir burst, the dam of Tiangang Reservoir burst, and the flood rolled down the Xiaohe River, and then merged with the flood of the dry river in Guoduokou. Its front peak reached Yangzhuang Reservoir (now a flood detention area) at around 7: 00 on the 8th, and the original breach of Yangzhuang Dam was washed from 60m to130m. After the flood came out of Yangzhuang Reservoir, another flood burst into Laowangpo on the left side of the lower reaches of Yangzhuang. Another flood was discharged along the Red River, and part of the flood was diverted to Laowangpo by Li Jinhong Sluice. Another flood overflows the south dike of the flood, flows southeast through Xiping County, and then flows into Shangcai County, where it joins the Ruhe River flood. The water depth in Shangcai County is generally about 3 meters, and the water depth in low-lying areas is 5 ~ 6 meters. The water from the upper reaches of Laowangpo, including the dam-break flood of Shimantan Reservoir and the burst flood of the main river, entered Laowangpo in large quantities, with a total flood volume of 65.438+0.57 billion cubic meters. At 9 14, the highest water level of the core wall of Laowangpo reached 59.2 1m, with a corresponding storage capacity of 454 million cubic meters, 2.3 times of the designed storage capacity. From the afternoon of the 8th to the early morning of the 9th, the south dike of Ganhe River, the Zuo Di of Honghe River and the east dike between Chenpozhai and Wugouying in Laowangpo flood storage and detention area burst one after another. The burst flood of the south and east dikes of the Ganhe River is about 65.438+0.4 billion cubic meters, which flows into the Fenquan River system through the Heini River. Most of the flood in Zuo Di of the Red River overflowed the Red River and flowed into Shangcai County, and some of them overflowed the Red River and flowed into the spring river system below Xihongqiao. Water from the upper reaches of Suya Lake, including dam-break flood of Banqiao Reservoir and flood discharge from Boshan Reservoir, entered the reservoir in large quantities, with a total inflow flood of 65.438+96.5 million cubic meters. At 9: 30 on the 8th, the maximum inflow reached 24,500 cubic meters per second. 10, the highest water level of the reservoir is 57.66m, only 0.34m away from the dam crest. The maximum discharge of the new and old sluice in Xiatun is 5330 cubic meters per second. In order to ensure the safety of the dam, at 8 13, flood diversion was carried out at the south blasting mouth of Chenxiaozhuang near Yezhuling at the southern end of the dam. By the 9th, the maximum flood diversion flow is1020m3 per second. The maximum discharge of Suyahu Reservoir is 6 100 cubic meters per second. From the evening of 7th to the morning of 8th, the left and right dikes of Ruhe River in the lower reaches of the reservoir burst one after another, and a piece of Wang Yang appeared on both banks, which mixed with the flood of the Red River and rushed to the platform in the lower reaches of the Red River. Bantai is the confluence of the Red River and Ruhe River. A large number of Honghe and Ruhe floods have flowed into Shangcai, Pingyu, Runan and Xincai counties. The water surface is tens of kilometers wide, the water depth of flat land is 3-4 meters, and the water depth of low-lying land is 5-6 meters, and it flows downstream at a speed of about 10 kilometers per hour. Wherever the flood went, villages and farmland were flooded, and towns were generally flooded. Shangcai, Pingyu, Runan and Xincai all became Zeguo, and the vast plains covered Wang Yang. A large number of villages and millions of people were surrounded or soaked by floods. On August 7th, the water level of Sakamoto Station rose sharply, reaching the highest water level of 37.39 meters at 4 o'clock on June 3rd, exceeding the design flood level of 1.84 meters. In order to save people trapped by the flood, it is necessary to drain the flood as soon as possible. On June 5438+04 and June 5438+05, Bantaizha, Heilongtan, Ji Fang and other water retaining dams were successively blasted, resulting in a large number of floods flowing into the Huaihe River through Hongwa area at an accelerated rate.

Shali river. Ganjiang River, the main tributary of Lijiang River, is located in the rainstorm center of Heyoufang Mountain. On August 6th, the first flood peak at Guanzhai Station in Ganjiang River was 6840 m3/s, the second flood peak was 54 10 m3/s on the 7th, and the third flood peak was particularly large on the morning of the 8th, which was 12 100 m3/s ... The main river from Guanzhai to the mouth of Li River overflowed on both banks. Part of the flood discharge water burst at Guoduokou section on the right bank in dry season, and flowed into Xiaohong River system through Li Sanhe. Another part of the flood flows into the Lijiang River along the dry river. Gushitan Reservoir in the upper reaches of Lijiang River is close to the rainstorm center in Guo Lin. On the morning of the 8th, the maximum inflow was 6690 cubic meters per second, and the maximum outflow was 2780 cubic meters per second. The flood discharge water merged with the water from the main stream, and the entire Lijiang levee burst. The flood burst on the left bank all entered the flood storage and detention area of Nihewa, and the flood burst on the right bank rushed into the flood storage and detention area of Laowangpo through Tanghe, small railways and highways. Above the Shali estuary, a large number of floods from Lihe flooded into Luohe City, and the water in the southern suburbs was about 2 meters deep. On the 8th, the maximum flows of Zhaopingtai and Baiguishan Reservoir in the upper reaches of Shahe River were 365,438+065,438+00 and 3,300 cubic meters per second, respectively. North Ruhe Xiangcheng Station on the 7th 1 1 the flood peak is 3000 cubic meters per second, and at 0: 00 on the 9th, it is 2873 cubic meters per second. Huo Yan Village, Zuo Di, Shahe River has a mouth width of 193m, and the calculated maximum flood diversion flow is1420m3/s. In Yexian and Wuyang counties, there are 30 crevasses on the left and right banks of Shahe River. All the floods in the south flow into Nihewa, and the floods in the north go down the slope, cross the Beijing-Guangzhou railway and enter the triangle of Shahe River and Heying River. In the flood detention area of Nihewa, Luowan sluice was flooded at 4: 42 on the 6th, and Mawan sluice was flooded at 9: 00 18 on the 7th. By 20: 00 on the 7th, the flood inflow of the two sluices, the overflow of the Li River and the water volume of the Nihewa reached 2160,000 cubic meters, and the two sluices were closed immediately. On the 8th, the flood peaks of Li River and Shahe River came one after another, and the upstream flood volume poured into Nihewa. In order to reduce the flood pressure of Nihewa and protect the safety of Nihewa, Luohe City and Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, the north dike of Nihewa and the left and right dikes of Shahe River were blasted in Zhaocun, Baotou, so that the flood of Nihewa and Shahe River was discharged between Shaying River. However, affected by the flood, the highest water level of Nihewa reached 69.8 meters at 22: 00 on the 8th, with a corresponding storage capacity of 432 million cubic meters, which exceeded the design flood level 1.8 meters, and the top of the dike was 0.3 meters, which caused the east dike of Nihewa to overflow and burst, and a Wang Yang surrounded Luohe City. Shahe Luohe Station, at 3 o'clock on the 9th, the highest water level was 62.90 meters, corresponding to the maximum flow of 3,950 cubic meters per second. From the lower reaches of Luohe River to Zhoukou, in addition to the flood discharge of Shahe River and Heying River itself, there are still a lot of floods flowing down the sand depression in the north and falling into the river channel of Zhoukou. At 4 o'clock on the 9th, the highest water level at Zhoukou Station was 49.92m, and the maximum flow rate was 3,450m3 per second. The peak flow of Luohe and Zhoukou stations is the largest since 1950. There is not much rainfall in Fenquan River, but the flood in the east dike of Laowangpo is about 65.438+0 billion cubic meters, and the flood from the small red river in Zuo Di enters Fenquan River, causing floods in Wang Yang, Laoxiangcheng and Laoqiucheng to the south of Fenhe River.