How to use refined words in poetry

Refining words is not only refining sound and shape, but also refining meaning. Only when it fits the theme, the situation and the refined words can really shine. Shen Deqian once said: "The ancients didn't abolish the method of refining Chinese characters, but won by meaning, not by characters. So it is possible to see strange words, dangerous words, new words and plain words. " Judging from many examples of poetry, the refinement of successful words is closely combined with the meaning of refinement. To refine Chinese characters is to concretize, visualize, deepen and aestheticize the "meaning"-the author's subjective feelings and the life expressed in his works. Only by extracting concrete and vivid words with aesthetic content and enlightening function can "one" have the power to infect people. There are certain rules to follow in the refined words. Such as: 1. Five words refined the second word: "The bamboo washerwoman came home, and the lotus leaf gave in before the fishing boat." "The sea is dark and three mountains are raining, and the flowers are bright and five mountains are spring." 2. Five words to extract the third word: "A stream sings on the winding rock, and the sun is reconciled by pines." "Shan Gong San Fu, the door is closed in Kyushu." 3. The fifth word is extracted from five words: "The moon is near the window, and the Tianhe is low." "Grass grows public houses, and flowers fall into court." 4. Five words refine the second and fifth words: "The cold spring sounds bitter, and the mountain leaves are withered." "Until the tide ebbs, the river bank widens, and there is no wind blowing my lonely sail." 5. The second word of the seven-word training: "The mountains enter the Bailou Sand Garden at dusk, and the tide gives birth to the sea and the wild pond." "Lonely sails on the sunset river, green grass and love in Wan Li, Hunan." 6. Seven words refine the fifth space: "My road is covered with petals-I didn't clean it for others, and my thatched cottage door has been closed-but now it's open for you." "The waves between the river and the sky are rough, and the clouds are covered with fog." 7. Seven words extract the seventh space: "The breeze river is far away, and there are some old trees by the wall of White God." "The spring boat sits in the sky, and the old flowers are like fog." 8. Seven words refine the second and fifth empty space: "Xue Ji Mountain Gate welcomes Ruiri, Yunkaishui Temple and other dragonflies." "The fish contains the moon shadow and moves with the clouds, and the birds spit flowers and send them to the trees for leisure." Eight structural features of ancient poetry: Ancient poetry pays great attention to structural forms. It not only embodies the poet's writing thought, but also carries the poet's ideological content and feelings. Therefore, we should understand the general structural characteristics of poetry in order to master the whole poem quickly and sensitively. In classical poetry, the scenery is usually described first, and then the lyricism is discussed. The front scenery paves the way for the later discussion or lyric, and the later viewpoints, attitudes, thoughts and feelings should be expounded on the basis of the front scenery. In addition, special attention should be paid to the following structural features: 1. Cut to the chase: whether it's reasoning or narration, cut to the chase at the beginning, that is, cut to the chase. 2. To publicize something, first suppress it: to publicize something or a person, first belittle it (him), create suspense, create waves, and highlight the common expression techniques of something, a person or an idea. Pre-and post-reference: In the process of description and narration, the poet hints or hints at the appropriate places in front of the poem, and the back should echo the front. This kind of structural feature can make the work rigorous in structure and clear in context. For example, Su Shi's "Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia" begins with the words "The River of No Return, the Man of Eternal Romance", and later writes "A statue of the moon returns to the Yangtze River", which starts from the great river and ends at it, echoing back and forth. 4. Write the scenes separately: The emotions and scenes are written separately, and it is important to have a clear hierarchy and progressive layers. For example, Du Fu's "Ascending the Mountain": "The sky is high and the wind is urgent, apes crow and birds crow, and the blue lake and white sand return." . The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably. Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness. Bad luck has formed a bitter frost on my temples, and heartache and fatigue are a thick layer of dust in my wine. "The first half of this poem is about scenery. The second half is lyrical and complicated in writing. The first sentence is what I heard on the mountain, the second sentence is what I saw on the water, the third sentence is closely related to the first sentence "the wind is urgent", the fourth sentence is closely related to the second sentence "Zhu Qing", the fifth and sixth sentences are about the feeling of climbing mountains, the seventh sentence is about being a guest, and the eighth sentence is about being sick. The structure is very strict. 5. Scene co-writing: The beauty lies in the blending and integration of scenes, or there is affection in the scene or scenery in the artistic conception. For example, Liu Zongyuan's "From Liuzhou Tower to Zhang, Ding, Feng and Lian Counties": "The city ends here, and the wild begins here, looking like the sea and looking like the sky. The wind was furious with the lotus water, and the vines along the wall were whipped by the oblique rain. We can't see anything beyond 300 miles, except vague Woods and mountains, and there are nine rivers winding in our stomachs. * * * Come to Baiyue tattoo, don't even want a letter, let's keep in touch with home! " The first two couplets can be described as a blend of scenes, and the last two couplets can be described as a blend of scenes, which is both harmonious and distinct. 6. See the big from the small: that is, write a big realm and express a big theme by describing a small matter. There is a feeling of spreading a big scene with a small scene, such as "The banks of the river widen until the ebb tide, and there is no wind to stir my lonely sail" in Wang Wan's "The next berth on Beibao Mountain", and you can think of the endless magnificence of the river downstream; Some show great social content with small things, such as Du Mu's Red Cliff; There is still limited space to write infinite space, such as Du Fu's quatrains, and the third song "The window of Xiling contains snow, and the door of Wu Dong Wan Li is moored". Look at the big picture from a small window and have unlimited interest. 7. Make the finishing point: add one or two incisive words to the key points of the article, point out the main idea, and reveal the intention of the whole article; If the finishing touch is used at the end of a poem, this method is often called "dying to show one's will". This is a common way of writing in classical poetry. 8. Transition: a skill of classical poetry writing. Generally speaking, it refers to the writing requirements of four quatrains and four rhymes. Generally speaking, the so-called "qi" is the beginning (the first sentence of a quatrain, the first two sentences of a regular poem, and so on); "Cheng" is to inherit the poetry of the previous sentence (couplet), and further description or elaboration should be naturally and closely inherited; "Turn" refers to the progressive or turning point of meaning, which means that the content of the poem is reduced to make it richer or wider; "He" is the ending of the whole poem. In order to close the previous description, we should effectively "close" it and convey the thoughts and feelings of the poem. Generally, it is necessary to point out the poem or theme in this sentence (couplet).