What types of aircraft are there?

First, according to the purpose of aircraft, there are national aviation aircraft and civil aviation aircraft.

National aviation aircraft refers to aircraft used by the army, police and customs.

Civil aircraft mainly refers to civil aircraft and helicopters, and civil aircraft refers to civil passenger aircraft, cargo aircraft and passenger and cargo aircraft.

Secondly, according to the types of aircraft engines, there are propeller aircraft and jet aircraft.

Propeller aircraft, including piston propeller aircraft and turboprop aircraft, the aircraft engine is piston propeller, which is the most primitive form of power. It uses the rotation of propeller to push the air behind the plane, and uses its reaction force to push the plane forward. The higher the propeller speed, the faster the flight speed.

Jets, including turbojets and turbofan jets. The advantages of this model are simple structure and high speed, which can generally reach 500-600 mph; The fuel cost is saved, and the loading capacity is large, which can generally carry 400-500 passengers or100t cargo.

Three, according to the number of aircraft engines, there are single (engine), double (engine), three (engine) and four (engine).

Four, according to the flight speed, there are subsonic aircraft and supersonic aircraft.

Subsonic aircraft can be divided into low-speed aircraft (flight speed is less than 400 km/h) and high subsonic aircraft (flight speed Mach number is 0.8-8.9). Most jet planes are of high subsonic speed.

Five, according to the range of the aircraft, there are short-range, medium-range and long-range aircraft.

The range of long-range aircraft is about 1 100 km, and it can complete intercontinental cross-sample flight without landing. The range of medium-range aircraft is about 3000 kilometers, and that of short-range aircraft is generally less than 1000 kilometers. Short-haul aircraft are generally used for regional flights, so they are also called regional flights. Medium and long-range aircraft are generally used in domestic trunk lines and international routes, also known as trunk lines.

Extended data:

Advantages:

The speed of jet airliner is about 8 10 km per hour, which is very maneuverable. Aircraft flight is not blocked by mountains, rivers, deserts and oceans, and the number of flights can be increased at any time according to the number of passengers and goods.

According to the statistics of ICAO, the average death toll per 1 100 million passenger kilometers in civil aviation is 0.4, which is 1/10 to 1% of ordinary traffic accidents. This is a safer mode of transportation than the train.

Disadvantages:

The price is too expensive. Compared with other modes of transportation, the fuel consumed by the plane itself and the flight is very high.

Affected by weather conditions. Although aviation technology has been able to adapt to most meteorological conditions, wind, rain, snow, fog and other meteorological conditions will still affect the take-off and landing safety of aircraft.

There are also restrictions on landing sites. The plane must take off and land at the airport. There are at most several airports in a city, and most of them are located in the suburbs due to the surrounding clearance conditions. Because it often takes a long transit process from the airport to the urban area, it provides inter-city transportation market space within 800 kilometers for high-speed trains.

Reference: Aircraft-Baidu Encyclopedia