List two famous battles in World War II (battle name, time, warring countries, and what happened in the end).

19411kloc-0/on February 2, the central army group under the command of fedor von bock finally launched an attack codenamed "Typhoon Action" in Moscow. Germans believe that Moscow is of great significance in political and military strategy. The Germans plan to carry out surprise attacks with various tanks, divide the Soviet defense lines, panic in the western front army, reserve army and Bryansk army in Vyazma and Bryansk, and then surround Moscow from the north and south with powerful and rapid clusters, and capture the Soviet capital while the infantry regiment carries out a frontal attack. In order to achieve this goal, the basic German forces are concentrated in the "Central" army group east of Smolensk (the commander is Marshal Bok). The "Central" Army Group consists of the 9th (commander is General Strauss), 4th (commander is Marshal Kruger), 2nd (commander is General Wedges), 3rd (commander is General Holt), 4th (commander is General hoppner), and 2nd cluster (commander is General guderian) (194 1 0. From June of 1942 to June of 1 2002, the 3rd and 4th Army Tanks were renamed as the 3rd and 4th Army Tanks respectively, with 74 and a half divisions, including Tank Division 14 and 8 motorized divisions, accounting for about 38% of the total infantry divisions in the Soviet-German battlefield and 64% of the tank divisions and motorized divisions. The army was supported by the Second Air Force. The "Central" Army Group has a total of about 1.8 million people, tanks 1.7 million, more than 65,438 artillery and pursuit guns, and planes 1.39. The Germans not only had advantages in quantity, but also in weapons quality, because at that time more than half of Soviet tanks and planes were old-fashioned. The advantages of the Germans in tanks, aviation and motorized infantry are particularly obvious.

Soviet troops who participated in the Moscow battle were: the western army, the reserve army, the Bryansk army, the Kalinin army and the right wing of the southwest army. 10 June10, zhukov took over the command of the Western Front Army and defended Moscow. By the end of September, the Susie Army (under the command of General konev) had taken charge of the 22nd Army (under the command of Vostrukhov), the 2nd 29 army (under the command of Maslennikov, under the command of Khomenko in June 5438+February, 165438+ 10 was commanded by Lelyushenko), the 19 th Army (commanded by Lu)10/1Reserve Army (commanded by Soviet Marshal budyonny) and the 24th Army (commanded by Lu). Lieutenant General akimov and Major General Golubev made frontal defense in June 5438+00 at 100 km in the direction of Roslaville. The remaining 3 1 (commander is Major General Dolmatoff), Major General Juskovic in June 5438+ 10) and the 49th Army (commander is the army of Bryansk, Zakharkin (commander is General Elemenko) are under the jurisdiction of the 50th Army (commander is Major General Petrov and Colonel Ermakov in June 5438+00-/). Lieutenant General Paulding was in June 5438+0 1) and the 3rd Army (the commander was Major General kleiser Le and Lieutenant General Psenikov was in June 5438+02). Generally speaking, there are 654.38+250,000 troops, 990 tanks, 7,600 cannons and mortars and 677 planes on the three fronts in the west. The Red Army of the Soviet Union successively liberated Rogachevo, Yamuga, Subchromatic, Red Paulia, Belast, Socheng, Klin, Volokoramsk, Xiaojinnuo, Aleksin, Tarusa, Kaluga, Belev and Moscow.

Thoroughly crack down on the arrogance of fascist Germany, so that the Germans can no longer attack on all fronts. It laid a solid foundation for the fundamental turning point of the Second World War.

Second, the battle of midway island

The naval battle of Midway Island began on June 4th, 1942/kloc-0, which was an important battle in the Second World War. In this battle, the US Navy not only successfully repelled the Japanese navy's attack on midway atoll, but also gained the initiative in the Pacific theater, so this battle can be said to be a turning point in the Pacific theater.

Only one month after the Coral Sea Battle, Japan designated Midway Island as its next attack target. This will not only avenge the US Air Force's air raid on Tokyo, but also open the door to the Hawaiian Islands. Prevent American troops from dispatching troops from Hawaii to attack Japan. The Japanese navy wants to take this opportunity to lead the remaining warships of the US Pacific Fleet to midway and annihilate them in one fell swoop. In order to achieve this goal, the Japanese navy almost spent all its resources and invested most of its troops. The fleet size even exceeded the combined fleet of the largest naval battle in the history of Leyte Bay. This is the biggest strategic attack of the Japanese navy in World War II. However, due to the naval battle in the Coral Sea, the joint fleet sent two fewer aircraft carriers, namely the injured Xianghe and Ruihe, which had a very serious impact on the operation.

Midway Island In the early morning of June 4th, 36 dive bombers, 36 horizontal bombers and 36 zero fighters of Japan's First Attack Wave Fleet started to take off from four aircraft carriers at the same time. 108 carrier aircraft set out to attack Midway Island under the leadership of Navy Captain Yong Youwen. Lieutenant General Nan Yun ordered the reconnaissance plane to search the eastern and southern waters, and the second attack wave plane was put on the flight deck to prepare for the American fleet. However, the two reconnaissance planes of the heavy cruiser Reagan were delayed for half an hour because of the catapult failure, and the engine of the 1 reconnaissance plane of Ma failed again and returned halfway (this plane should have just been searched over the US special mixed fleet), which brought disaster to the Japanese fleet.

At dawn on June 4, the "Catalina" reconnaissance plane sent by Midway reported the discovery of a Japanese aircraft carrier. Major General spruance responded immediately and prepared to attack the Japanese aircraft carrier (in fact, Frank? Major General Fletcher was the commander in chief of the operation, but spruance launched the air raid first. The American fleet knows the enemy's plan like the back of its hand, because it has cracked the communication code of the Japanese navy "JN-25".

In the early morning of June 4th, Japanese carrier aircraft launched a fierce attack on Midway Island. All American warplanes stationed in Midway Island also took off to meet the invading Japanese fighters. American bombers, including B- 17 bombers, also launched a counterattack against the Japanese fleet.

At 7 o'clock sharp, Captain You Yongzhang led the first attack wave fleet to prepare to return, and sent a telegram to Nan Yun requesting a second attack.

At 07: 06, the fighter 1 17, consisting of fighter planes, torpedo planes and dive bombers, took off from the 16 special mixed formation Hornet and Enterprise led by Major General spruance and headed for Nanyun Fleet 200 nautical miles away. At 8: 40, the 17 task force Yorktown, led by Major General Fletcher, took off 35 fighters outside 15 nautical miles.

At 7: 00 10, the first batch of10 American torpedo bombers taking off from midway island appeared over Nanyun fleet. American planes lined up in a single file and pounced on the Japanese aircraft carrier. Under the interception of Japanese fighters and the fierce artillery fire of Japanese ships, seven were shot down soon. Tomoyo's report and the U.S. plane attack convinced Lieutenant General Nan Yun that the defense force of Midway Island was still very strong, so he decided to change the plane originally prepared to deal with American ships and bomb Midway Island for the second time. At this point, he still didn't find the American fleet.

At 7: 0015 on Midway Island, Nanyun ordered Chicheng and Kaga to take the plane with torpedoes installed on the deck down from the hangar, unload the torpedoes and replace them with high-explosive bombs that attacked the ground.

At 7: 30, Nan Yun received a telegram from a reconnaissance plane, which delayed the take-off of Reagan for half an hour. About 240 nautical miles from Midway Island, 10 American warship was found. Nan Yun ordered the reconnaissance plane to continue to find out whether the enemy fleet had an aircraft carrier or not, and at the same time ordered the torpedo machine to be suspended from changing bombs. Just as Nan Yun was waiting for the reconnaissance result of the reconnaissance plane, the alarm sounded again in the air. More than 40 American B- 17 bombers and dive bombers taking off from Midway Island pounced on Nanyun's fleet. Because the American bombers were not escorted by fighters, they were quickly repelled by the Zero fighters sent by Nanyun.

At 8: 0015, Nan Yun finally received a report from a reconnaissance plane that there were indeed aircraft carriers in the US fleet. Nan Yun ordered the ships to stop loading bombs, and the plane was sent back to the hangar to refit torpedoes. The deck of the Japanese aircraft carrier is in chaos. In order to buy time, the unloaded bombs were piled up on the deck.

At 8: 30, the first attack wave fleet that attacked midway returned and flew over the Japanese fleet. And those fighters who protect the aircraft carrier also need to land and refuel. Nanyun is in a dilemma. Major General Yamaguchi, commander of the second aircraft carrier formation, suggested to Nanyun that "attack force should be ordered to take off immediately". The second batch of attack planes have not finished loading torpedoes. If they attack immediately, there will be no fighter escort. And the runway on the ship is occupied by the plane taking off, then the first attack wave fleet with empty fuel tank will fall into the sea. Nan Yun decided to postpone the attack. He first recovered the planes that attacked Midway Island and intercepted the American bombers, and then reorganized his forces to attack the American special mixed fleet.

At 8: 37, the returning plane began to land on the flight decks of four aircraft carriers.

At 9: 0018, all planes have finished running. Nan Yun ordered the fleet to sail northward at a speed of 30 knots to avoid the American plane attacking again and prepare to attack the Metersbonwe mixed fleet with all its strength.

At 9: 20, fighter planes covering the Japanese fleet began to take off.

At 9: 25, a formation of 15 Avenger torpedo bombers taking off from Bumblebee discovered Nanyun Fleet. Unfortunately, they are running out of fuel and there is no fighter escort. In the suicide attack, all fighters and anti-aircraft guns were shot down, and all 30 pilots were killed except 1.

At 9: 30, 28 American warplanes taking off from Enterprise and Yorktown followed closely, attacking black dragon and Longfei. However, when attacking the Nanyun fleet, it was hit hard, losing 20 torpedo bombers, and none of the torpedoes dropped by the US plane hit.

Midway 10: 20, the Japanese carrier-based attack team composed of 102 aircraft was also arranged at this time. While Japanese fighter planes were busy driving American torpedo planes at low altitude, there were 33 Clarence-made ones? Major McCrosky took off from the Enterprise in a dive bomber of the Intrepid. At this time, the Japanese ship is turning to the windward direction and is extremely vulnerable to attack. The deck is full of torpedoes, bombs and planes that have just refueled. This is a favorable opportunity for the us military.

10: 24, when the first Japanese fighter plane flew off the flight deck. The 33 intrepid dive bombers of Enterprise were divided into two squadrons to attack the carrier Chicheng and Kaga respectively, and then 17 intrepid dive bombers took off from the carrier Yorktown to attack the carrier Canglong. Three Japanese aircraft carriers suddenly turned into three fireballs, and the planes waiting to take off piled up on the deck. The fuel and ammunition caused a big explosion and the flames soared into the sky. In just five minutes, three Japanese aircraft carriers were completely blown up.

10: 40, Major General Daowen Yamaguchi, commander of Japan's 2nd Air Force, who took over the air combat command, launched a counterattack, and a 18 attack formation consisting of the "99" dive bomber and six zero fighters took off from the "Dragonfly" aircraft carrier. On the way to the target, I found a group of American bombers returning, and I quietly followed them. Because of this, the Japanese plane successfully discovered the "York City" and immediately launched an attack. Three bombs hit the Yorktown. Although it was damaged, it resumed its navigation function with the efforts of the American crew.

At 1 1: 30, Nan Yun and his crew were transferred to the cruiser Changliang and began to assemble the remaining fleet.

13: 40, 10 The Japanese torpedo attack plane "97" and six "Zero" fighters came from Long Feifei again and launched a second attack on the injured York City. The Yorktown was not so lucky this time. Hit by two torpedoes, two big holes were opened near the port side, and the rudder was crushed. Major General Fletcher was forced to transfer to the cruiser and hand over the command to Major General spruance.

14: 45, the U.S. reconnaissance plane spotted the Japanese aircraft carrier Dragonfly, and spruance immediately ordered 30 intrepid dive bombers on the aircraft carriers Enterprise and Hornet to take off and attack Dragonfly.

15: 00, captain buckmaster of the Yorktown was forced to abandon the ship. However, it didn't sink, so the American army returned to the ship and tried to tow it to Pearl Harbor by tugboat.

16: 45, American uss enterprise dive bomber successfully attacked the remaining Japanese dragonfly. Dragonfly immediately fired four bullets and the ship caught fire. Commander Yamaguchi and Captain Calais prevented the man from being buried in the sea with the ship.

On the evening of June 4th 19, the destroyed Japanese aircraft carriers Canglong and Kaga sank one after another.

At 2: 55 on June 5, General Isoroku Yamamoto, commander of the Japanese Joint Fleet, rejected the plan put forward by his chief of staff, Colonel Kuroshio, to concentrate all ships on bombing and landing on Midway Island during the day and ordered: "Cancel the occupation of Midway Island." And said that "all the responsibilities are borne by me alone, and I will go back and apologize to His Majesty the Emperor." He shut himself in the reception room and refused to meet his subordinates for three days in a row. On the night of June 5, two Japanese heavy cruisers "Yong No.1" and "Yong No.3" collided while turning in the dense fog. No.1 was badly damaged, and No.3 "Wei" stayed with her.

At 0350 hours, the destroyed aircraft carrier Akashi was sunk by a torpedo fired by a Japanese destroyer.

At 5: 10, the irretrievable aircraft carrier Longfei was sunk by a torpedo fired by a Japanese destroyer.

At dawn on June 5, American planes bombed the injured Japanese cruisers No.3 and No.3 again and again. Three opposition ships were buried at the bottom of the sea, but the most seriously injured one escaped the disaster and struggled to return to the base by truck. After the attack, the US special mixed fleet immediately withdrew from the battlefield.

13: 00, the Japanese submarine I- 168 discovered Yorktown, and then launched four torpedoes, two of which hit Yorktown, and 1 hit the destroyer DD- 142, which was escorting.

The battle of midway finally came to an end.

In the battle of midway, the US military lost only one aircraft carrier, 1 destroyer and 147 aircraft, and 307 people were killed. However, Japan lost four large aircraft carriers, 1 cruiser, 330 planes, hundreds of experienced pilots and 3,700 crew members. The Japanese navy has since failed.