Common meteorological disasters and protective measures

Common meteorological disasters and protective measures

Do you know some common meteorological disasters? Some are hard to prevent, and we can also learn about their types. Next, I will tell you what common meteorological disasters and protective measures for some natural disasters are for your reference, hoping to help you.

Common Meteorological Disasters I. Types of Meteorological Disasters

Meteorological disasters generally include weather, climate disasters and meteorological secondary and derivative disasters.

Weather and climate disasters refer to typhoon (tropical storm, strong tropical storm), rainstorm (snow), thunderstorm, hail, strong wind, dust, tornado, heavy (thick) fog, high temperature, low temperature, continuous rain, freezing rain, frost, ice accumulation, cold wave, drought, dry hot wind, heat wave, flood, etc.

Meteorological secondary and derivative disasters refer to landslides, mudslides, storm surges, forest fires, acid rain, air pollution and other disasters caused by meteorological factors.

Second, the importance of meteorological disaster emergency defense

According to the analysis of natural disasters, about 70% of the global economic losses caused by natural disasters are caused by meteorological disasters. Therefore, preventing and mitigating meteorological disasters is a complex systematic project. Only by mobilizing all social forces, integrating social resources and guiding the active participation of the whole people can we achieve the expected results.

Three. Major Meteorological Disasters Affecting China

drought

Drought is a disastrous weather phenomenon. In a long enough period of time, there is a serious shortage of precipitation, which leads to the loss of soil moisture due to evaporation and the reduction of river flow, thus undermining normal crop growth and human activities. As a result, the output of crops and fruit trees is reduced, drinking water for people and livestock is difficult, and industrial water is scarce.

torrential rain

Rainstorm is a short-term or continuous heavy precipitation process. In low-lying and blocked areas, rainwater cannot be discharged quickly, which leads to water accumulation in farmland and supersaturation of soil moisture, which brings disasters to agriculture. Heavy rain may even cause flash floods, river flooding and dam break, causing huge economic losses to the people and the country.

Tropical cyclone (typhoon)

Tropical cyclone is the general name of strong vortex with high center temperature and low pressure formed in tropical marine atmosphere. It is a very destructive weather phenomenon, which will lead to severe weather such as strong winds, heavy rains, huge waves and storm surges.

hail

Hail disaster refers to the disaster caused by the condensation of ice in cumulonimbus clouds falling from the air under the control of convective weather. Hail often destroys large areas of crops and orchards, damages buildings and threatens human safety. This is a serious natural disaster, which usually occurs in summer and autumn.

Cryogenic freezing

The low-temperature freezing injury is mainly caused by the invasion of cold air and cold wave, which causes continuous cooling for many days, causing crops to suffer and reduce production. In the years of severe freezing injury, such as 1968, 1975, 1982, the area of seedlings killed by freezing injury reached more than 20%. 1977 65438+1From October 25 to 29, a strong cold wave made the snow in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang as deep as 0.5 meters, the grasslands were buried, and a large number of livestock died.

snow disaster

A natural phenomenon that a large amount of snowfall for a long time causes a large area of snow disaster. Hazards include: seriously affecting or even destroying lifeline projects such as transportation, communication and transmission lines, which have a great impact on people's production and life.

Protective measures against typhoons at home

1. Power failure.

Try to avoid using the phone. Before receiving the report of typhoon leaving, be vigilant even if it subsides for a short time.

2. If you can't evacuate to a safe place, you can choose to hide in a small room (such as closet and toilet). ) or lying under a solid object such as a table.

5. People in high-rise buildings should be evacuated to the ground floor.

on / in the street

Don't go out at will.

Near the coast or at sea.

Don't walk on rivers, lakes, seawalls or bridges.

Ships at sea must get in touch with coastal radio stations, determine the relative position between the ship and the typhoon center, and leave the typhoon immediately.

3. The approximate location and distance of the typhoon center on board: standing on the leeward side, the typhoon center is located on the left side of the ship; When the air pressure measured on the ship is lower than the normal value of 500 Pa, the typhoon center is generally not more than 300 kilometers away from the ship; If the measured wind force has reached level 8, the typhoon center is generally about 150 km away from the ship.

The tornado is at home.

1. Cut off the power supply.

4. Stay away from doors and windows and the outer wall of the house, hide in the wall or small room opposite the tornado, squat down with your head down and try to avoid using the phone.

3. Cover your body with a mattress or blanket to avoid injury.

The safest hiding place is the basement or semi-basement.

on / in the street

1. Enter the ground floor of a nearby concrete building.

4. Stay away from trees, telephone poles or simple houses.

In the wilderness

3. Run along the direction perpendicular to the tornado route.

If it is too late to escape, you should quickly find a low-lying place to squat down. Posture: Face down, shut up and close your eyes, and cover your head with your hands and arms.

thunder and lightning

1. Avoid rain on the road. Don't go near isolated tall buildings, telephone poles, chimneys, corner eaves, and don't stand in empty highlands or under big trees to avoid rain.

2. Metal objects (tractors, farm tools, motorcycles, bicycles, golf carts and golf clubs, etc.). ) stay away from open areas.

Don't go to the top of the mountain, open space, beach or boat.

Don't stay in a separate shed or other small building in an empty place.

5. It is best for families with conditions to install overvoltage protectors (also known as lightning arresters) for household appliances.

hail

1. Close the doors and windows.

4. Properly arrange outdoor items susceptible to hail and strong winds.

3. Outdoor workers should suspend their operations and take refuge in a safe place.

4. Stop outdoor activities and don't travel at will.

Sandstorm 1. Please pay special attention to the weather forecast.

Wear masks, scarves, etc. When you go out.

3. Close the doors and windows and reinforce the external structure.

Drink more water and eat light food.

⒌? Residents in dangerous areas or dangerous houses should be moved to safe places.

6. Kindergartens, schools and units shall take temporary avoidance measures and suspend classes or business when necessary.

Affected airports, highways and ferry terminals should pay attention to traffic safety and temporarily close or suspend navigation when necessary.

Don't buy outdoor food.

Pet-name ruby try to reduce going out, suspend outdoor activities and stay in a safe place as much as possible.

⒑ Slow down when riding a bike and driving, and stay away from trees and billboards.

high-temperature

Try to stay indoors and avoid direct sunlight; When you have to go out, you should take a parasol, light clothes and a wide hat.

4. Suspend large outdoor or indoor gatherings.

3. The indoor air conditioning temperature should not be too low; When the air conditioner doesn't work, choose other cooling methods, such as sprinkling some water on the ground.

4. It is not advisable to take a bath with cold water immediately when sweating all over; You should dry your sweat first, have a rest, and then take a bath with warm water.

5. Pay attention to work and rest time to ensure sleep; Pause a lot of physical exertion.

6. Eat salty and drink cold water, cold salt water, white chrysanthemum water, mung bean soup, etc. Don't drink too many cold drinks or alcoholic drinks.

snow disaster

1. The car slows down and pedestrians slip carefully; Close the road traffic if necessary.

Old, young, sick and weak people should not go out, pay attention to cold and warmth.

3. Close the doors and windows and fix the outdoor structure.

4. The ship entered the harbor to take shelter from the wind.

5. Outdoor personnel such as high altitude and water stoppage stop working.

cold wave

Indoors

Pay attention to the weather forecast and emergency warning.

4. Wear several layers of light, spacious, comfortable and warm clothes; Try to stay indoors.

3. Pay attention to diet, drink more water and drink less caffeinated or alcoholic drinks.

4. Avoid overwork.

5. Pay attention to signs of frostbite: fingers, toes, earlobes and nose are unconscious or pale. If similar symptoms appear, take immediate emergency measures or seek medical attention.

You can use a hot water bottle or a hot treasure to keep warm, but be careful not to burn.

Try not to go out by car.

evict

⒏ Take the main road.

⒐? Don't drive at night, don't drive alone, and don't drive tired.

thick fog

Pay attention to the weather forecast.

Try not to go out; Wear a mask when you have to go out.

3. Slow down when riding a bike and obey the traffic police.

4. The driver should drive carefully, turn on the anti-fog lights, keep a sufficient braking distance from the front car, and slow down; When you need to stop, you should pay attention to driving to the outside lane and then stop.

5. Pay attention to the traffic safety of airports, expressways and ferry terminals, and temporarily close or suspend flights when necessary.

;