According to the data released by Shandong Provincial Environmental Protection Department, in 20 13 years, there were 259 days of haze weather in Changqing District of Jinan, among which it was mild.

The composition of smog is very complicated. Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and inhalable particles are the main components of smog. The first two are gaseous pollutants, and the last particulate matter is the chief culprit that aggravates smog weather pollution. They combine with fog and instantly turn the sky gray. In addition, there are more than 20 kinds of fine particles and toxic substances harmful to human body, including acid, alkali, salt, amine and phenol, as well as dust, pollen, mites, influenza virus, tuberculosis and pneumococcus. Its content is dozens of times that of ordinary atmospheric water droplets.

Haze has the greatest impact on the human respiratory system, and the diseases caused are mainly concentrated in respiratory diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, nasal inflammation and other diseases. However, because the composition of smog is so complex and diverse, the content is different in different regions and at different times, so it is difficult to say that smog itself is carcinogenic, but some of the substances are carcinogens. For example, the Comprehensive Scientific Assessment Report of Airborne Particulate Matter issued by the US Environmental Protection Agency in 2009 pointed out that there are enough scientific research results to prove that fine particulate matter in the air can adsorb a large number of carcinogens and genotoxic mutagenic substances, which bring negative effects that cannot be ignored to human health, including increased mortality, aggravation of chronic diseases, deterioration of respiratory and heart diseases, changes in lung function and structure, influences on reproductive capacity, and changes in human immune structure.

First, the four taboos in foggy days

1, don't open the window for ventilation in the morning and evening.

Should I open the window for ventilation or close the doors and windows in foggy weather? According to experts, try not to open the window for ventilation in the morning and evening on foggy days, and it is best to wait until the sun comes out. Then don't open the window for ventilation, okay? Dear, you should know that there are kitchen fumes, furniture additives and other pollution at home, and indoor air pollution will also endanger your health.

Health tip: choose to open the window for a short time at noon with sufficient sunshine and less pollutants.

2. Don't do strenuous exercise.

When people do strenuous exercise such as long-distance running and playing football, their lung capacity will increase, which will lead to the inhalation of more pollutants.

Health tip: wear a mask when you go out! Although the mask can only block some pollutants, it is better than nothing.

Step 3 reduce outdoor activities

The elderly and patients with heart disease and lung disease should stay indoors and stop outdoor sports, while the general population suggests reducing outdoor sports. Children, pregnant women and other people sensitive to pollution, it is best not to go out on cloudy days. Health tip: If you have to go out, it is best not to ride a bike or an electric car to reduce exposure to smog. Asthma patients should prepare sprays, and heart patients should bring some quick-acting pills and triglycerides.

4. Try to stay away from the road.

The concentration of pollutants is the highest at rush hour and at night when large cars enter the city. It is reported that one of the main sources of toxic particles in cities is automobile exhaust. Large cars that use diesel are "recidivists" who emit PM 10, while small cars that use gasoline emit gaseous pollutants, but in foggy days, they are easily converted into secondary particulate pollutants, which aggravates smog.

Two or four health care suggestions

1. Wash your face frequently and clean your mouth and nose.

Stay outdoors for a long time, and be sure to wash your face and bare skin in time when you get home. Just wash your mouth and rinse your mouth. To clean the nasal cavity, you can dip a cotton swab into tap water or normal saline to clean it.

2, wearing a mask should not stay outdoors for a long time.

According to experts, even medical disposable masks can't stop PM2.5 particles. Medical masks are more effective in preventing diseases. To deal with PM2.5, it is best to buy a medical N95 mask or a higher-grade mask. In cities, automobile exhaust emissions are large, and many particles in the air are oily, which will also reduce the actual protective effect of masks.

3. Eat a light diet and drink plenty of water

It is advisable to choose light and digestible foods rich in vitamins in foggy days. Drink more water and eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, which can supplement various vitamins and inorganic salts, moisten the lungs to dry, eliminate phlegm and relieve cough, strengthen the spleen and tonify the kidney. So eat less irritating food and eat more fruits such as pears, loquats, oranges, oranges, etc.

4, the right amount of vitamin D.

In foggy days, there is less sunshine, insufficient ultraviolet radiation, insufficient vitamin D produced by the human body, and the absorption of calcium is greatly reduced. If necessary, you can add some vitamin D. For example, eat more fatty marine fish and fish eggs, animal liver, egg yolk, cream, cheese and so on.