According to the company's safety regulations, electric tool cabinets should be inspected regularly, but they are often forgotten. How do friends in the same industry solve it?

As a special tool and appliance to prevent electric shock, burn, fall and other accidents, and to ensure the personal safety of workers, power safety instruments play a vital role in the power system. In this paper, the common types, correct use, storage and management requirements of electric power safety instruments are illustrated by diagrams.

0 1

Basic concept of electric power safety instrument

Definition of electric power safety instruments

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Electric power safety instruments usually refer to all kinds of special tools and instruments to prevent accidents such as electric shock, burns, falls and falls, and to ensure the personal safety of workers.

Classification of electric power safety instruments

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Universal protective equipment

Refers to devices that protect workers from accidents, such as safety belts and helmets. Usually climbing anklets, lifting plates and ladders fall into this category.

Basic insulation safety instrument

Refers to electric appliances that can directly operate live equipment or contact or may contact live bodies, such as capacitive electroscope, insulating rod, nuclear phase detector, insulating cover, insulating partition, etc. The difference between these instruments and live working instruments lies in short-time contact with living bodies or contact with living bodies.

Auxiliary insulation safety instrument

Refers to the insulation strength is not to bear the working voltage of equipment or lines, but to strengthen the safety function of basic insulation safety instruments and prevent operators from being hurt by contact voltage, step voltage and leakage current arc. Auxiliary insulation safety instruments cannot be used for direct contact with live parts of high-voltage equipment. Safety tools belonging to this category are: insulating gloves, insulating boots, insulating rubber pads, etc.

Safety sign board

It usually includes various safety warning signs, equipment signs, etc.

02

Common types of power safety instruments

Common types of power safety instruments

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Safety helmet: it is a kind of hat used to protect the head of staff from external impact.

High-voltage proximity alarm helmet: it is a kind of helmet with high-voltage proximity alarm function, which is generally composed of ordinary helmet and high-voltage proximity alarm.

Safety belt: personal protective equipment to prevent workers from falling and being injured from high places. It consists of a belt, a pole belt and metal fittings. Safety rope is a tether on the safety belt to protect the human body from falling.

Ladder: a climbing tool made of wood, bamboo, insulation, aluminum alloy and other materials.

Foot buckle: It is a pole climbing tool made of steel or alloy.

Universal protective safety instrument

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Anti-arc suit: it is a kind of protective suit made of insulation and protective interlayer to protect the wearer's body, which is used to reduce or avoid the damage caused by a large amount of thermal energy radiation and splashing melt when arc occurs.

Speed difference automatic controller: it is a device equipped with a certain length of rope, which can be pulled out without restriction during operation, and the length of the pulled out rope can be locked due to the change of speed when falling.

Eye protection glasses: protective equipment to protect workers from arc burns and prevent foreign objects from falling into eyes when maintaining electrical equipment and carrying out maintenance work.

Filter gas mask: a respirator used in an aerobic environment.

Basic insulation safety instrument

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Capacitive electroscope: it is a device to detect whether high-voltage electrical equipment and lines have operating voltage by detecting the current flowing through the stray capacitance of electroscope to ground. Capacitive electroscope is generally composed of contact electrode, electroscope indicator, connector, insulating rod and hand guard ring.

Insulating rod: it is an insulating tool used to operate or measure live equipment in a short time, such as turning on or off high-voltage disconnector and dropping fuse. Insulating rod is made of synthetic material, and its structure is generally divided into working part, insulating part and hand-held part.

Insulating partition: it is an insulating flat plate made of insulating material, which is used to isolate live parts and limit the range of activities of workers.

Insulating sleeve: it is a protective sleeve made of insulating material, which is used to shield live conductors or without electrical conductors.

Portable short-circuit grounding wire: it is a temporary grounding device used to prevent equipment and lines from suddenly calling and eliminate induced voltage and discharge residual charge.

Personal protective grounding wire (small grounding wire): a personal grounding device used to prevent the harm of induced voltage.

Phase detector: a device used to identify whether the equipment to be connected and the circuit are in phase.

Auxiliary insulation safety instrument

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Insulating gloves: gloves made of special rubber for electrical insulation.

Insulating boots: boots made of special rubber, used to insulate the human body from the ground.

Insulating rubber pad: a rubber plate made of special rubber to strengthen the insulation of workers to the ground.

Safety fences and signs

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Safety fence: refers to the measures taken to close, isolate and block under normal circumstances.

Safety signs: including various safety warning signs and equipment signs.

03

Correct use of power safety instruments

basic requirement

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(1) The relevant units shall regularly organize unified training on the use of power safety instruments, and all staff who need to use power safety instruments in their work must receive regular training.

The use of safety instruments shall conform to the regulations and product use requirements of Power Safety Regulations of State Grid Corporation of China, Power Safety Regulations of State Grid Corporation of China (Power Line Part) and so on.

(2) Safety instruments shall be visually inspected before use.

(3) When there is doubt about the mechanical and insulation performance of safety instruments, they should be tested and used only after they are qualified.

(4) Insulation safety instruments should be wiped clean before use.

⑤ Wear insulating gloves when using insulating safety instruments.

Correct use of safety helmet

The service life of safety helmet is calculated from the date of product manufacture: the plastic cap shall not exceed two and a half years; Glass fiber reinforced plastic (vinylon steel) rubber cap shall not exceed three and a half years. Expired safety helmets should be spot-checked and tested, and can only be used after passing the test. After that, they will be sampled once a year. If the sampling test fails, the helmet will be scrapped.

Before using the helmet, a visual inspection should be carried out. Check that the helmet shell, helmet hoop, top lining, chin strap, back buckle (or helmet hoop buckle) and other parts should be intact, and the buffer space between helmet shell and top lining should be 25 ~ 50 mm. ..

After wearing the safety helmet, screw the back buckle to a proper position (or adjust the hoop buckle to a proper position), and lock the chin strap to prevent it from sliding forward or backward at work or for other reasons.

Before use, check whether the sound part of the high-voltage near-current alarm helmet is intact, but it shall not be used as the basis for no electricity.

Correct use of seat belts

The service life of seat belts is generally 3 ~ 5 years. If any abnormality is found, it should be scrapped in advance.

The belts, belts and ropes of safety belts should have sufficient mechanical strength, wear-resistant materials and safety devices for buckles/hooks. Safety belts and ropes longer than 3 meters should be cushioned.

Before using the seat belt, a visual inspection shall be conducted to check:

1. Complete parts, no shortage and no damage;

2. Ropes and braids are free from brittle cracks, broken strands or kinks;

3. Metal fittings are free from cracks, welding defects and serious corrosion;

4. The hook tongue of the hook is stable and in good position, and the safety device is complete and reliable;

5. The rivet has no obvious deviation and the surface is smooth.

Seat belts should be fastened to solid objects, and it is forbidden to fasten them to moving or unstable objects. Don't tie knots at sharp corners. Seat belts should be hung high and tied in parallel. It is forbidden to hang low and use high.

When working on the tower, the safety belt backup protection rope should be tied to the safe and firm components (whether to tie the backup safety rope depends on the specific task of live working), and the backup protection shall not be lost.

Popularization and use of full-body seat belts

Characteristics of full-body seat belts

Leg strap: adjustable, equipped with metal clasp;

Seat belt: unique design, you can sit firmly when falling, reducing the pressure on limbs.

What are the benefits of using full body (five points) safety?

Through the simulation test, in the experiment, a simulated human of 100 kg fell from the height of 1.8 meters. When it reaches the lowest point, the upward lifting force of the seat belt on the human body is measured as follows:

① When the seat belt has no buffer bag, the lift of the seat belt to the human body is 496 1, totaling 2250kg, which means that the pull of the seat belt to the human body at this time is 2250kg!

② When the seat belt is equipped with a buffer bag, the lifting force of the seat belt to the human body is 832 pounds, totaling 377 kilograms, which means that the pulling force of the seat belt to the human body at this time is 377 kilograms!

Correct use of seat belts

Before wearing a seat belt.

First, check whether the seat belt is damaged.

Work in pairs (to help each other)

Fasten your seat belt in a safe place.

Make sure that the webbing is not entangled, especially on the legs.

Ensure the firmness of all parts of the seat belt.

Check the safety of the retaining ring with each other.

Unbutton your seat belt.

Reconnect the snap ring

Fully open the adjusting belt.

Check the damage

Put it back in the warehouse.

Keep it dry and clean.

After wearing the seat belt.

Squat down a little, the leg strap is located 5 cm below the groin (crotch), and the tightness is appropriate to put down the palm.

Check whether you can reach out and touch the "D" ring at the back.

The back "D" ring should be placed at the bottom of the neck between the shoulder blades.

The tightness of the seat belt should be reduced on both sides at the same time, and the rest should be tightened.

Correct use of foot buckle

Before using the anklet, visual inspection shall be conducted to check:

1. There is no crack and visible deformation on the metal substrate and weld;

2. The rubber anti-skid block (sleeve) is intact;

3. The belt is in good condition without mildew, crack or serious deformation;

4. Small paws are firmly connected and flexible.

Before officially boarding the pole, try to board it at the root of the pole to judge whether the ankle buckle is deformed or damaged.

Fasten the strap of the foot buckle plate before climbing the pole, and adjust the size of the foot buckle at any time according to the diameter of the pole during climbing the pole.

When using foot buckles in special weather, anti-skid measures should be taken.

It is forbidden to throw foot buckles down from a height.

Correct use of insulating gloves

After purchasing gloves, if users find that they are exposed to rain, mildew or other abnormal changes during transportation and storage, they should go to legal testing institutions for electrical performance review testing.

Insulating gloves must be inflated before use. If any damage is found, it cannot be used. If damage such as stickiness, cracks, cracks (air leakage), bubbles and brittleness is found in the visual inspection, it is prohibited to use it.

Insulating gloves should be worn when checking electricity, switching operation and installing and disassembling grounding wire.

When using insulating gloves, the cuff of the coat should be inserted into the mouth of the sleeve to prevent accidents.

After use, the internal and external dirt should be scrubbed clean, and after drying, talcum powder should be sprinkled flat to prevent crushing, and it should not be placed on the ground.

It should be stored in a dry and ventilated warehouse with room temperature of-15℃ to +30℃ and relative humidity of 50% to 80%, away from heat sources and more than 20 cm away from the ground and walls. Avoid the influence of corrosive substances such as acid, alkali and oil. Don't put it in the open air to avoid direct sunlight and don't put it on the ground.

Correct use of insulating rod

Before using the insulating rod, check the plug of the insulating rod. If it is found to be damaged, it should not be used.

When using the insulating rod, the human body should keep a sufficient safe distance from the live equipment, and pay attention to prevent the insulating rod from being short-circuited by the human body or equipment to maintain the effective insulation length.

When operating electrical equipment outdoors in rainy days, the insulating part of the operating lever should have a rain cover. The upper opening of the cover should be closely combined with the insulating part without leakage.

Correct use of capacitance electroscope

Capacitive electroscope shall be marked with voltage grade, manufacturer and factory number.

Visual inspection shall be carried out before use, and the working voltage of the electroscope shall be the same as that of the tested equipment.

Non-rain and snow capacitive electroscope shall not be used in bad weather such as lightning, rain and snow.

When using the capacitive electroscope, the operator should wear insulating gloves, insulating boots (shoes) and hold the handle on the lower side of the buckle. The distance between the human body and the live part shall conform to the safety distance specified in the safety regulations.

When using the pull-out capacitance electroscope, the insulating rod should be completely pulled away.

Before the electricity inspection, the live equipment should be tested to confirm that the electroscope is in good condition; When the test cannot be carried out on live equipment, a high-voltage generator can be used to confirm whether the electroscope is in good condition. Check the electricity on wooden poles, ladders and shelves. If it is impossible to indicate without grounding, with the consent of the person in charge of operation or work, the grounding wire can be connected to the tail of the insulating rod of the electroscope.

Correct use of nuclear phase detector

The nuclear phase detector should be used correctly according to the requirements of the instruction manual.

The use of insulating rod part of nuclear phase detector shall meet the following requirements:

1. Check the plug of the insulating rod before using it. If damage is found, it should be banned.

2. When using the insulating rod, the human body should keep a sufficient safe distance from the live equipment, and pay attention to prevent the insulating rod from being short-circuited by the human body or equipment to maintain the effective insulation length.

3. When operating electrical equipment outdoors in rainy days, the insulating part of the operating lever should have a rain cover. The upper opening of the rain cover should be closely combined with the insulating part without leakage.

Correct use of grounding wire

The grounding wire shall be multi-stranded soft copper wire, and its cross section shall meet the requirements of short-circuit current at the installation site, but it shall not be less than 25mm2, and its length shall meet the needs of the work site. The grounding wire should have a transparent outer sheath with a thickness greater than1mm.

The clamps at both ends of the grounding wire shall ensure that the grounding wire is in good contact with the conductor and grounding device, easy to assemble and disassemble, with sufficient mechanical strength, and will not loosen when a large short-circuit current passes through.

Before using the grounding wire, it should be visually inspected. If the stranded wire is found to be loose or broken, the sheath is seriously damaged, and the fixture is broken and loose, it should not be used.

When installing the grounding wire, the human body shall not touch the grounding wire or the ungrounded wire to prevent electric shock.

When installing the grounding wire, the grounding end of the grounding wire should be installed first; After the electricity test proves that there is no electricity, immediately connect the conductor ends and ensure good contact. Remove the ground wire in the reverse order. It is forbidden to wind and connect the grounding wire.

When the equipment is overhauled, the number, position and number of grounding wires suspended on the simulation panel should be consistent with the contents listed in the working ticket and operation ticket, and with the grounding wires installed on site.

Correct use of grounding wire

Personal safety grounding wire is only used to prevent induced electricity, and it is not allowed to replace the working grounding wire specified in safety regulations. After the working grounding wire is hung, the personal safety grounding wire can be hung on the working phase.

Personal safety grounding wire should be carried by the staff themselves. 1 10kV and above lines with the same tower or adjacent parallel induction electricity shall be used in working phase when power is cut off, and virtual grounding is not allowed. At the end of the work, the staff should remove the personal safety grounding wire.

Correct use of filter gas mask

Filter gas mask is usually referred to as "gas mask" for short. When using a gas mask, the oxygen concentration in the air should not be lower than 18%, and the temperature should be -30 ~ 45℃. It cannot be used in closed container environments such as tanks and tanks.

Users should choose the appropriate mask number according to their face shape.

Check the integrity and airtightness of the mask before use, and the sealing frame of the mask should be close to the wearer's face without obvious tenderness.

Pay attention to whether there is leakage and whether the filter tank is invalid during use.

The filter agent of gas mask has a certain service time, generally 30 ~ 100 minutes. When the filter screen loses its filtering function (there is a special smell in the mask), it should be replaced in time.

Correct use of ladders

The ladder should be able to bear the full weight of the staff when climbing with tools.

Ladders shall not be extended or padded for use. If extension is needed, it should be clamped or tied tightly with iron clips or ropes and supported.

Ladders should be firmly placed, and ladder feet should have anti-skid devices. Try the board before use, and then use it after making sure it is reliable. When someone is working on a ladder, the ladder should be supported and supervised by someone.

The angle between the ladder and the ground should be about 65 degrees, and the staff must work on the rung at least 2 steps away from the top of the ladder.

The ramp should have strong hinges and zippers to limit the opening.

When a ladder is used against a pipe or wire, its upper end needs to be hung with a hook or tied with a rope.

When using ladders on the passage, guardians or temporary fences should be set up. Ladders are not allowed in front of the door. If necessary, measures should be taken to prevent the door from suddenly opening.

It is forbidden to move the ladder and throw tools and materials up and down when people get on the ladder.

Ladders made of insulating materials should be used in the high-voltage equipment area or high-voltage room of substation, and metal ladders are prohibited. When moving the ladder, two people should be put down to carry it and keep a safe distance from the live part.

The appearance of the ladder should be checked before use, and it is forbidden to use it if there are potential safety hazards. Ladders should be carefully inspected and labeled at least once every six months (ladders should be numbered).

The upper and lower ladders should be supported by both hands, with both feet touching and facing the ladder. It is forbidden to jump over the ladder. In any case, ensure three contact points-one hand and two feet or one foot and two hands.

Carry tools and equipment in an appropriate way. Don't climb the ladder with tools and materials.

A safety cage should be installed on a vertically fixed ladder, and the safety cage should be installed 2.5 meters above the base of the ladder.

04

Preservation and storage of electric power safety instruments

(1) The custody and storage of safety instruments must meet the requirements of national and industrial standards and product specifications.

(2) Insulating safety instruments shall be stored in a dry and ventilated tool room/cabinet at-15 ~ 35℃ and relative humidity of 5 ~ 80%.

(3) Safety instruments shall be uniformly classified and numbered and stored in a fixed way.

(4) The insulating rod should be placed on the bracket or hung up, not on the wall.

⑤ Insulating partitions should be placed in dry and ventilated places or vertically placed on special supports.

⑥ The insulating cover should be wiped clean after use, packed in a packaging bag and placed in a clean/dry and ventilated shelf or special cabinet.

⑦ The electroscope should be stored in moistureproof box or an insulated safety instrument storage cabinet, and placed in a ventilated and dry place.

⑧ The nuclear phase detector should be stored in a dry and ventilated special bracket or special packaging box.

Pet-name ruby anklet should be stored in a dry, ventilated and corrosion-free room.

Attending rubber insulation safety equipment should be stored in a closed cabinet or bracket, and nothing should be piled up on it, and it should not be exposed to acid, alkali, oil, chemicals or exposure, and it should be kept dry and clean.

Gas masks should be stored in a dry, ventilated warehouse without acid, alkali, solvent and other substances, and heavy pressure is strictly prohibited. The storage period of gas mask canister (box) is 5 years (3 years), and expired products can only be used after inspection.

Air respirator should be stored in a packing box to avoid long-term exposure. It should not be stored with oil, acid, alkali or other harmful substances, and heavy pressure is strictly prohibited.

Guardrail ropes and nets shall be kept intact, clean and free of dirt, bundled neatly and stored in the safety tool cabinet, and the connection parts shall not be seriously worn, damaged, moldy or loose; Covered railings are eye-catching, free from bending and corrosion, and neatly arranged.

05

Management requirements of electric power safety instruments

Management responsibilities of the safety and quality department of the company

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(1) is responsible for formulating and timely revising the company's management measures for safety instruments.

(2) Responsible for preparing the procurement plan of safety instruments and putting it into practice.

(3) Be responsible for the selection and delivery of safety instruments according to the list provided by the superior.

(4) Responsible for the supervision and inspection of the procurement, acceptance, testing, use, storage and scrapping of safety instruments.

⑤ Organize twice every six months (insulation safety instruments test once, climbing instruments test once) to conduct a comprehensive inspection and test on the safety instruments of each unit.

Duties of team management

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(1) Safety instruments shall be stored in a special safety instrument room, and a safety instrument management account shall be established and copied to the Safety and Quality Department of the company. Accounts, cards and materials should be consistent, and inspection reports, inspection certificates and inspection records should be complete.

(2) The safety instruments shall be kept by special personnel, and the recipients' records shall be established. The custodian shall regularly carry out routine inspection, maintenance and repair. If it is found that it is unqualified or exceeds the inspection period, it should be stored separately, and a sign that it is not allowed to be used should be made to stop using it, and it should be sent to the safety and quality department of the company for unified scrapping in time. The person in charge of each unit and the full-time (part-time) safety officer shall organize the inspection of safety instruments before use, conduct a comprehensive inspection once a month according to the regulations, and make inspection records. Safety devices have special uses and scope of use, so they must be used correctly and kept properly, and it is forbidden to use them for other purposes.

(3) Conduct safety training for employees, strictly implement operating procedures, and use safety instruments correctly. Personnel who are not familiar with the operation methods shall not use safety instruments.

(4) All units should strictly supervise and manage the correct use of safety instruments, and those who do not wear and use safety instruments correctly according to regulations will be punished in violation of regulations. All units should take the correct use and management of safety instruments as their daily work content to ensure good control before construction, after work and during operation.