Can you grow litchi in Linfen City, Shanxi Province?

Linfen city, Shanxi province is not suitable for planting litchi, and likes high temperature, high humidity and sunshine. Its heredity requires that the temperature of flower bud differentiation is relatively low, but the lowest temperature is -2 ~-4℃, which will cause freezing injury. It is sunny and warm in flowering period, and no dry heat is the most favorable. Too low humidity, continuous rain, dry and hot weather or strong north wind are not conducive to flowering and pollination. Unfavorable disaster weather in the flower and fruit period will lead to falling flowers and fruits, and even loss of harvest.

land

Grafting propagation of seedlings

Litchi is mostly planted on hills and slopes. These soils usually have low organic matter content, shallow soil layer and poor water and fertilizer conservation ability. If soil management is not paid attention to, the growth and development of litchi will be seriously affected.

1. Soil management under the canopy.

Young litchi has few root systems, weak growth and mycorrhiza with a fungus. The growth of mycorrhiza needs a relatively ventilated soil environment. Therefore, the soil around the trunk under litchi canopy must be fertile and loose, rich in organic matter,

Conducive to the formation of mycorrhiza and the rapid development of root system. Therefore, the soil under the canopy should be loosened in time, more organic fertilizer should be applied, and the ground should be covered to prevent hardening.

4. Soil management outside the tree tray.

In young litchi orchard, in order to increase economic income, short-term crops (such as vegetables and leguminous green manure) should be intercropped, combined with intercropping, fertilization, irrigation and loosening soil for many times. After harvesting, intercropping crops straw and green manure should be turned into the soil to increase organic matter and improve the soil. In the second and third years after planting, the soil around the tree tray must be improved in a planned way. Specifically, in autumn and winter, a ditch with a depth of 50 cm and a width of 40-50 cm is dug outside the original planting hole, and about 100 kg of weeds, leaves or green manure is pressed into each plant every year, and 1.5 kg of calcium superphosphate is added and covered with soil. Dig and press the green manure ditch, dig it on the east and west sides of the seedlings for the first time, dig it on the north and south sides of the seedlings for the second time, or dig a circle along the periphery of the crown.

Fertilize soil or land

Fertilization can start one month after planting. Second, increase the amount of roots, promote shoots and strengthen shoots in three years. Master "one branch with two fertilizers" or "one branch with three fertilizers", that is, apply nitrogen-based quick-acting fertilizer when the top buds of branches germinate to promote the rapid growth of new shoots and long leaves; When the growth of new shoots basically stops and the leaf color changes from red to green, apply the second fertilizer to promote the new shoots to turn green quickly and the branches to thicken. After the new buds turn green, apply fertilizer for the third time to accelerate the aging of the new buds. In the first year of planting, fewer roots and smaller trees. Each plant uses 25g of compound fertilizer, about15g of urea, 0/0g of potassium chloride/kloc-0, 50g of calcium superphosphate. Young trees have few roots and weak fertilizer absorption ability, and foliar fertilizer can be sprayed 5 ~ 6 times a year.

Fertilizer and water management after planting 1 ~ 2-year-old young trees can promote the total leaf area of root groups and branches. The root system of young litchi after planting is few and weak, and its absorption is weak, so it is not suitable for fertilizing water. Fertilization is based on high quality, nitrogen combined with a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, less but more precise, and the principle of diligent application and thin application. Young trees planted in that year can be applied with thin fertilizer and water 1 ~ 2 times a month. In the second and third years, it is mainly to increase the amount of roots, promote shoots and strengthen shoots. Quick-acting fertilizer, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, is applied once every time the top buds of branches sprout to promote the rapid growth of new shoots; When the leaves turn from red to green, apply the second fertilizer to promote the branches to turn green quickly, improve photosynthetic efficiency and accumulate nutrients. Fertilization can also be applied after the new shoots turn green, so as to accelerate the senescence of the new shoots and shorten the bamboo shoot development period.

Fertilization amount: in the first year, about 20g of urea can be applied to each plant, or about 30g of compound fertilizer can be applied, or 200-250g of urea or phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be added to each load of rare human excrement, and 1-2kg can be applied to each plant every year. Starting from the second year, the amount of fertilization should be gradually increased, increasing by 50-60% on the basis of the previous year. Fertilization method, the first small tree had better dissolve the fertilizer in water and pour it into the tree tray. After the second year, it can be applied to the shallow ditch on the soil outside the crown, and then covered with soil. In case of drought, irrigation should be done in time.

Leaves absorb fertilizer quickly and have high absorption rate. Therefore, after the new shoots turn green, we can fertilize outside the roots and spray 0.2% urea and 0.3 ~ 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves, which can promote the rapid maturity of the new shoots. However, special attention should be paid to the concentration used. If the concentration is too high, it will easily burn the leaves. The concentration should be reduced appropriately in case of high temperature and drought. Young litchi has weak root system and shallow distribution, which is easily affected by the change of topsoil moisture. In the case of high temperature and drought, if the soil moisture is too little, it will inhibit the germination and growth of branches and even plant death. Therefore, attention should be paid to irrigation and moisturizing in dry season. Attention should be paid to eliminating stagnant water in rainy season.

water

Drainage and irrigation: Water is an important part of litchi trees. Litchi young roots are few and shallow, which is greatly influenced by the change of topsoil moisture. Under the condition of dry soil and dry atmosphere, attention should be paid to watering and moisturizing. Water accumulation in planting holes should be prevented in rainy season, and submerged plants should be raised appropriately to facilitate normal growth.

Litchi mycorrhiza is aerobic, and the soil is loose and breathable, which is beneficial to the growth and development of roots. Young orchards generally loosen soil and weed 5 ~ 6 times a year. Summer and autumn are hot and humid, weeds grow rapidly, scarifying and weeding times are more, the ground temperature is lower in spring, the ground surface is dry in winter, rainfall is less, weeds grow slowly and farming times are less. The main contents of soil improvement in litchi orchard include deep ploughing to promote ripening, thickening soil layer and increasing organic matter. Its purpose is to improve soil physical and chemical properties, improve fertility and create good conditions for root growth. The soil improvement method is to open an annular ditch or two flat fertilization ditches around the original planting hole. Apply farm manure 8 ~ 10 kg, calcium superphosphate 1 kg and compound fertilizer 0.5 kg to each ditch, and then cover the soil 25 ~ 30 cm above the ground.

Eradicate weeds

Litchi mycorrhiza is aerobic, and weeding and loosening soil can help loosen soil and promote root development. Young trees can be combined with management in intercropping crops to weed and loosen soil. It is hot and rainy in summer and autumn, weeds grow fast, the soil is easy to harden, and weeding and loosening the soil are more frequent; Low temperature in winter and spring, drought, slow growth of weeds, less weeding and loosening the soil.

Young roots are shallow, so according to the range, the loose soil should be shallow, 8 ~ 10 cm, and the depth outside the rhizosphere can reach 15 cm.

intercropping crops

Litchi young orchard has a large space and ground, so making full use of the land for intercropping and interplanting is conducive to achieving the goal of raising the garden by garden, combining short-term cultivation with long-term cultivation and increasing income. Intercropping management can prevent soil erosion, inhibit weeds, prevent heat and moisture, promote microbial activities and accelerate the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties. Short-term dwarfing crops can be planted between young litchi rows, which can make full use of land, grow in a short time, increase income, inhibit weeds and prevent soil erosion. The stems and leaves of intercropping crops can be used as fertilizers and grass cover materials to improve the soil. However, it is forbidden to plant tall crops, climbing crops and crops with strong fertility, so as not to compete for nutrients, water and sunshine of litchi. Intercropping should strengthen fertilization and irrigation to improve soil fertility.