What volcano is Mount Fuji in Japan?

Mount Fuji is one of the largest active volcanoes in the world.

Mount Fuji (Japanese pen name: ふじさん, English: Mount Fuji) is the highest mountain in Japan and one of the important national symbols of Japan. An active volcano spanning Shizuoka Prefecture and Yamanashi Prefecture, near the Pacific coast, is located about 80 kilometers southwest of Tokyo.

Mount Fuji is known as the "Holy Mountain" by the Japanese people and is a symbol of the Japanese nation. As one of the national symbols of Japan, it enjoys a high reputation all over the world. It is also often called "Furong Peak" or "Fuyue Mountain" or "No Mountain". Since ancient times, the name of this mountain has often appeared in the traditional Japanese poem "Song of Peace". Japanese poets once praised the poem "Jade fan hanging upside down in the East China Sea" and "Fuji Snow Reflects Sunrise".

Mount Fuji is one of the largest active volcanoes in the world. It is dormant at present, but geologists still list it as an active volcano or something. Since it was recorded in writing in 78 1 year, * * * has erupted 18 times, the last eruption was in 1707, and it has been dormant ever since.

In August, 2002 (the 14th year of Heisei), the Japanese Institute of Land and Geography re-measured Mount Fuji, which was 3,775.63 meters.

20 13 On June 22nd, the 37th World Heritage Congress approved the inclusion of Mount Fuji in the World Heritage List, and Mount Fuji became the 17 World Heritage Site in Japan.

Mount Fuji is the highest peak in Japan and a symbol of the Japanese nation. It is praised as a "holy mountain" by the Japanese people. Mount Fuji is located in south-central Honshu, about 80 kilometers east of Tokyo, with an altitude of 3776 meters. The mountain peaks soar into the sky, and the top of the mountain is covered with snow. The mountain is conical, like an upside-down fan. Japanese poets once praised the poem "Jade fan hanging upside down in the East China Sea" and "Fuji Snow Reflects Sunrise". Within the range of 100 km around Mount Fuji, people can see the beautiful conical outline of Mount Fuji. From an altitude of 2300 meters to the top of the mountain, it is covered by volcanic lava and volcanic sand. So in this area, there are neither jungles nor springs, and the hiking route is not obvious. There are only winding paths in the gravel. There are vast lakes, waterfalls and jungles from below 2000 meters above sea level to the foot of the mountain, and the scenery is extremely beautiful. Since it was recorded in writing in 78 1 year, Mount Fuji * * * has erupted 18 times, and the last time was 1707 times, thus becoming a dormant volcano. Due to the eruption of the crater, countless caves have been formed in the foothills, which are very charming and varied. Some caves still have air jets, while others are as cold as ice. The wall of the most beautiful Fuyuefeng Cave is covered with stalactite-like icicles, which do not melt all the year round. Commonly known as "Millennium Snow", it is regarded as a rare spectacle. There are two craters on the top of the mountain. The crater is about 800 meters in diameter and 200 meters deep. When the weather is fine, you can see the sunrise, the sea of clouds, the shadow Fuji and other natural scenery from the top of the mountain. Located on the top of the mountain, the Temple of Nine Continues and the Temple of Asami are also places frequented by tourists. In Mount Fuji, cherry blossoms are in full bloom in spring, the mountain breeze is blowing gently in summer, the mountains are covered with red leaves in autumn, and it is snowy in winter. There are more than 2000 kinds of plants around the mountain, which is a natural botanical garden. Every July and August, the Japanese will compete to climb mountains here. There are five Fuji lakes at the northern foot of Mount Fuji. From east to west, there are mountain lakes, estuary lakes, West Lake, Jinjing Lake and Qimu Lake. The mountain lake is the largest, and there are eight ponds in Rennomura, southeast of the lake, such as the channel and the mirror pool, which are collectively called "Renye Eight Seas" and are connected with the mountain lake. There are scenic spots such as Hongyetai, Jyukai, Ice Cave, Zu, Tianshan Mountain on the bank of the West Lake. Hekou Lake has the most convenient transportation, and there are islands in the lake, which is the only lake with islands in the five lakes. The reflection of Mount Fuji reflected in the lake has become one of the wonders of Mount Fuji. Mount Fuji is not only a natural wonder, but also a sacred place revered by believers. They think Mount Fuji is the gateway to another world. This crater is called the Holy Land. This is also very important in the ancient Japanese religious Shinto. Shintoists believe that God exists in rocks, trees and other natural objects. The scenery of Mount Fuji is also beautiful, with a year-round snow-covered crown, conical peaks, beautiful and symmetrical slopes, and a perfect circular base of about1.26km in Fiona Fang. Mount Fuji suddenly rose above the nearby sea level. On a sunny day, you can see the beautiful images here from 80 kilometers away. Mount Fuji is a young volcano that gradually formed more than 600,000 years ago. There are known eruptions of 18 times, and the last eruption occurred in 1707, when volcanic ash was scattered to Tokyo, 0/00 km away from/kloc. Mount Fuji in different tones. The foreground is hilly lake. The porch painted red leads to the temple on the mountain. The circumference of the foothills is about 125km(78 miles), and the diameter of the bottoms is about 40-50 km (25-30 miles). On the top of the mountain? The surface diameter of the crater is about 500 meters (1 600 feet) and the depth is about 250 meters (820 feet). In August, 2002 (Heisei 14), it was 3,775.67 meters, near the Pacific coast, about 80 kilometers southwest of Tokyo.

There are "Fuji Eight Peaks" around the jagged crater edge, namely Jianfeng, Baishan, Jiusu Zhiyue, Dariyue, Yidou Yuet, Chengjiayue, Juyue and Sanyue. Mount Fuji belongs to the Fuji volcanic belt, which is a volcanic chain from Mariana Islands to northern Honshu via Izu Islands and Izu Peninsula.

There are five lakes under Mount Fuji called Fuji Five Lakes, which are the starting point for climbing Mount Fuji.

Mount Fuji towering into the sky, the top of which is covered with snow. Looking around, it looks like an upside-down fan, so it is also called "jade fan".

Mount Fuji, which stands in the south-central part of Honshu, is the highest mountain in Japan, with towering peaks and white snow. It is praised by the Japanese people as a "holy mountain" and a symbol of the Japanese nation. It is located about 80 kilometers east of Tokyo, across Shizuoka Prefecture and Yamanashi Prefecture, covering an area of more than 90 square kilometers. The whole mountain is tapered. At first glance it looks like an upside-down fan. Japanese poets once praised the poem "Jade fan hanging upside down in the East China Sea" and "Fuji Snow Reflects Sunrise". There are "Eight Fuji Peaks" such as Jianfeng, Baishan, Jiusu Zhiyue, Dariyue, Yidou Yue, Cheng Jieyue, Juyue Yue and Sanyue around.

As one of the national symbols of Japan, Mount Fuji enjoys a high reputation all over the world. It is also often called "Furong Peak" or "Fuyue Mountain" or "No Mountain". Since ancient times, the name of this mountain has often appeared in the traditional Japanese poem "Song of Peace".

Because the top of Mount Fuji is covered with snow, it looks like silver light in the distance. Therefore, it is called "holy mountain" by the Japanese.

Fuji's name comes from the Shai language, and now it means "eternal life". The original pronunciation comes from the language of the Ainu minority in Japan, which means "the mountain of fire" or "Vulcan". This mountain is a beautiful cone, which is world-famous and a sacred symbol of Japan. Mount Fuji is one of the three scenic spots (Mount Fuji, Kyoto and Ginza) symbolizing Japan's nature, history and modernity.

Eruption history

About 65,438+0,000,65,438+0,000 years ago, a large amount of lava began to spew out from the west side of the top of the ancient Mount Fuji. These lava formed the new Mount Fuji, the main body of Mount Fuji. Since then, the ancient Fuji has been juxtaposed with the new Fuji. About 2,500 ~ 2,800 years ago, the top of the ancient Mount Fuji caused a large-scale landslide due to weathering, and finally only the top of the new Mount Fuji was left.

It is estimated that lava still erupted from the top of Mount New Fuji during the 3000 years from 1 000 years ago, 1 000 years ago to 8000 years ago. Since then, there has been no new eruption on the top of the mountain, but there are still intermittent eruptions on the side volcanoes such as Changwei Mountain and Baoyong Mountain.

There are written records about eruptions in history: the "extended eruption" in 800-802 (Japanese extended calendar 19-2 1), the Zhenguan eruption in 864 (Japanese Zhenguan 6) and the Baoyong eruption in 1707, which is the last eruption of Mount Fuji so far.

1707 (4th year of Baoyong, Japan), the smoke of Mount Fuji rose to the stratosphere in the atmosphere, which made a huge crater in the southeast of Mount Fuji, namely Baoyong crater. This eruption led to the deposition of volcanic ash about 4 cm thick in Edo (today's Tokyo) more than 0/00 km away from/kloc. Since then, volcanic earthquakes and smoke spewing have been continuously observed, and strong volcanic activity has also appeared in the vast plains around Mount Fuji.

Huizan (ほぅぇぃざん) is the most conspicuous parasitic volcanic cone around Mount Fuji, which was formed in 1707 (the fourth year of Japanese calendar). Located on the southeast slope of Mount Fuji, with an altitude of 2693 meters. On the west side of Baoyong Mountain, there is a huge crater. The rain and snow that fell on Mount Fuji formed a groundwater vein and spewed out. There are four main scenic spots: Endurance Eight Seas, Baixian Waterfall, Persimmon Lany and Yongyutan.

Species distribution

There are more than 2,000 kinds of plants on the mountain, with obvious vertical distribution. There are subtropical evergreen forests below 500 meters, temperate deciduous broad-leaved forests of 500-2000 meters, cold temperate coniferous forests of 2000-2600 meters, and alpine dwarf forest belts above 2600 meters. The top of the mountain is covered with snow all year round. The five dammed lakes (Fuji Five Lakes: Mountain, Estuary, West, Qin and Yuan) at the northern foot reflect the white snow, beautiful lakes and mountains, and are the tourist attractions in Japan. There are various parks, science and technology museums, museums and various amusement places. There is a huge crater at the top of the mountain, with a diameter of about 800 meters and a depth of about 200 meters.

cause

As the most important symbol of Japan's natural beauty, Mount Fuji is a mountain range formed by intense collision and extrusion between Izu Peninsula and Honshu Island, which were islands about 10,000 years ago due to crustal changes. It is an active volcano, which has recorded more than a dozen fires in history.

The top of the mountain is a crater about 800 meters in diameter and 200 meters deep. It is said that a bird's-eye view is as beautiful as a blooming lotus, but it is another kind of scenery that few people are lucky enough to experience personally.

The mountain is conical, * * * erupts 18 times, with the last eruption in 1707. Although it is in a dormant state, there is still a spray phenomenon. Formed about 6.5438 million years ago, it is a typical layered volcano. The basement is tertiary stratum. At the beginning of Quaternary, volcanic lava broke through tertiary strata and erupted and accumulated into mountains. After many eruptions, volcanic ejecta piled up layer by layer and became a cone-shaped layered volcano.

Formation process

Mount Fuji is a typical stratiform volcano. From the appearance, it is a standard cone volcano with a unique and beautiful outline. Up to now, the formation of Mount Fuji can be roughly divided into four stages: First, Xiaoyue, Ancient Mount Fuji and New Mount Fuji.

Among them, Xianyu Yuyue is the oldest volcano, which was formed in the newer generation hundreds of thousands of years ago. In April 2004, the Institute of Seismology of the University of Tokyo found that an older mountain was found under Xiaoyuyue, and the fourth mountain was named "Fairy Xiaoyuyue".

The ancient Mount Fuji was formed from about 80,000 years ago to about 65,438+05,000 years ago after volcanic ash and other substances continued to erupt, and its height was close to 3000 meters above sea level ... It is estimated that the top of Mount Fuji is located at 1 ~ 2 kilometers north of Baoyong crater.