2015 Lu Xiangsheng’s Classical Chinese Reading

1. 3. Reading Comprehension (38 points) (1) (2015. Taizhou, Zhejiang) Read the following classical Chinese text,

7. He Chengziwei (fill in the pronoun in the second blank) "Zhi" is also given points) 8. Beiwei Sanli/Wen Ningxi is difficult to make/Youzai Guchen died.

9. (1) lay out, display (2) before (3) put (4) wife and children 10. Judging from these signs, there is probably trouble in Weiguo! 11. D12. The article quotes Confucius and highly evaluates the behavior of Xi Chengzi from the aspects of wisdom and benevolence, eliciting the author’s views below. Attached translation: He Chengzi was on an envoy from the State of Lu to the State of Jin. He passed by the State of Wei. Gu Chen, the right minister of the Wei State, stayed and entertained him. The right minister, Gu Chen, arranged the instruments and played music, but the music was not cheerful. He drank until he was happy. , gave the wall jade to Qiu Chengzi.

When Xi Chengzi came back from Jin, he passed by Wei, but he did not say goodbye to Gu Chen, the governor of the right. His coachman said: "Previously, the right minister Gu Chen entertained you with a banquet, and the relationship was very pleasant. Why don't you say goodbye to him when you pass by here again?" He Chengzi said, "He stayed with me and entertained me because he wanted to have a good time with me."

But the singing and dancing music was not cheerful. This was to express his sorrow to me. When he was having a good time drinking, he gave me the jade. This is the jade. Leave it to me.

Judging from these signs, there may be trouble in Weiguo!" When He Chengzi left Weiguo for thirty miles, he heard that the "Ningxi Rebellion" had occurred in Weiguo. Gu Chen was killed. So he turned around and went back to mourn Gu Chen. He cried three times in front of his soul before returning home.

When he arrived in the state of Lu, he sent people to pick up the wife and children of Gu Chen, the right governor, and separated the house so that they could live separately from him, and allocated his salary to support them. When Gu Chen's child grew up, Hengzi returned the jade to him.

When Confucius heard about this, he said: "In terms of wisdom, you can plan with him in a subtle way, and in terms of benevolence, you can entrust him with property, probably he is talking about Zhe Chengzi!" His understanding of Youzai Guchen is both profound and subtle. He not only observes things, but also has an insight into his ambitions. It can be said that he can recognize people. 2. 17 essays in classical Chinese in the 2015 College Entrance Examination

"History of the Ming Dynasty: Biography of Li Dongyang" Li Dongyang, courtesy name Binzhi, was a native of Chaling and lived in the capital with garrison status.

At the age of four, he could write characters with a diameter of one foot. Emperor Jing summoned him for examination. He liked him very much, held him in his lap, and gave him fruit and money. Later, he was called twice to explain the meaning of "Shang Shu", which was in line with the emperor's wishes, and he was ordered to study in Beijing.

In the eighth year of Tianshun, at the age of eighteen, he became a Jinshi, was selected as a Shujishi, and was awarded the title of editor. After meritorious service, he was promoted to the post of bachelor's lecturer and served as the lecturer of the East Palace.

In the fifth year of Hongzhi's reign, the imperial court sought advice due to drought. Li Dongyang excerpted seven chapters of "Mencius" on the Great Meanings, appended with the pros and cons of current affairs, totaling several thousand words, and presented it to the court.

The emperor praised it for being well written. In the seventeenth year, the Queli Temple was rebuilt and he was ordered to go to worship.

After returning, he wrote a letter saying: I was ordered to travel in a hurry, but happened to encounter a severe drought. Along the way to Tianjin, the wheat seedlings in summer have withered, the crops in autumn have not been planted, the people pulling the boats have no complete clothes, and the faces of those carrying hoes have a look of hunger.

Thieves are everywhere, and Qingzhou is even more powerful. People from the south said that the roads south of Jiangnan and eastern Zhejiang were filled with exiles, their household registrations were gradually reduced, the army was empty, the warehouses did not have ten days of savings, and the officials were short of several years' salary.

The southeastern region is a place where wealth is produced, and a year of famine has reached this point; the northern region is poor and weak, and has never had any savings. How can it withstand another bad harvest this autumn? The occurrence of events may not be predictable. If I had not passed through that place, even though I had been in the government office for a long time and reviewed memorials every day, I still would not have been able to grasp the details. How much more so since your Majesty lives in a high palace? The minister inquired on the road, and people said that there were too many people who had nothing to do, the state expenses were irregular, the servants were frequent, and the taxes were overlapping.

With the frequent construction of civil engineering projects in the capital, the servicemen's property and strength have been exhausted. Every time they go to the capital for training, they would rather not go. The powerful family is rich and powerful, and their land spans county after county, and they are still asking for rewards.

The prince's fiefdom has a supply of two to three hundred thousand. Idle people, under the guise of royal servants, often opened shops in strategic land and water routes and urban areas to collect business taxes.

The country established its capital in the north and relied on supplies from the southeast. Most of the merchants dispersed for no small reason. There were also some weaving officials who allowed a group of petty gangsters to beat people. All the officials in Zhahe fled in fear. The traders and poor people were in commotion everywhere. This was witnessed by the minister personally.

The counties and counties cannot know the situation of the people; the court cannot know the situation of the counties and counties; the emperor in the palace cannot know the situation of the court. It starts from being easy to conceal and forms from being blinded.

The harm caused by tolerating concealment is small at first, but becomes more serious after being deceived. When I was in Shandong, I heard that Your Majesty had appeared many times due to disasters, so I ordered the ministers to speak freely and not to hide anything.

Although edicts were issued many times and memorials were stated, matters related to the inner court and noble relatives were constantly restrained and suppressed for many years. I am really worried that what I said today will become empty words again.

It is requested to select the regulations inside and outside the imperial court in the past and select and adopt them in detail. It is absolutely necessary to implement them. The emperor sighed in appreciation and handed it over to the relevant departments.

At this time, the emperor summoned his cabinet ministers several times to discuss political affairs in person. Li Dongyang, his chief assistant Liu Jian, and others devoted themselves to providing loyal advice for the emperor to adopt, and they must give their best advice on the shortcomings of current affairs.

Li Dongyang was proficient in ancient prose, and many memorials in the cabinet were drafted by him. The memorial was issued and recited throughout the world. 3. Reading of Huang Daozhou in classical Chinese

Huang Daozhou is from Fujian.

My family is a poor farmer, and I treat my relatives with filial piety. Tianqi entered the Imperial Academy.

Those who were in the Imperial Academy at that time were mostly graceful and optimistic. Dao Zhou wrote "Jiao Qing Jing Lao Wen" to satirize him, which was highly praised by his colleagues. [Translation] Huang Daozhou, a native of Fujian.

His family was poor and he worked as a farmer to serve his parents. He was famous for his filial piety. Entered the Hanlin Academy during the Tianqi period.

People in the Hanlin Academy at that time mostly lived a leisurely and pampered life, so Huang Daozhou wrote the "Essay on Correcting the Cautious and Lazy" to admonish them, which won the respect of his colleagues. The Liao Dynasty was urgent. Mao Wenlong boasted of Zhenjiang's victory, and those in charge wanted to use it to seize Hua Island and gradually seek the west of the river.

It was proposed to the court that he should send millions of soldiers and pay them, and Daozhou alone would decide on his wrong strategy. That's it, Wenlong died without success.

Wei Zhongxian was busy with his duties, and Dao Zhou returned with his clothes on. [Translation] The war in Liaodong was in crisis. Mao Wenlong boasted of his victory in Zhenjiang. The generals guarding Shanhaiguan wanted to use Zhong (Mao Wenlong's) power to regain Juehua Island, and gradually planned to restore the land west of the Liaohe River.

They submitted this proposal to the court and believed that millions of dollars should be allocated. Only Huang Daozhou believed that this strategy was not feasible. Later, Mao Wenlong did not win in the end.

After Wei Zhongxian came to power, the Zodiac Zhou returned. In the first year of Chongzhen, he became an official.

Next year, Liao governor Yuan Chonghuan killed Mao Wenlong. Daozhou's Gu Ce Wenlong was not able to rely on it, so he alone Fu Ying said that the disaster of closing the door began.

No matter what, later Jin soldiers came in large numbers and the capital was thinned. The emperor was furious and immediately arrested Yuan Chonghuan in the army to investigate the master.

Chong Huan was spoken by the cabinet minister Qian Longxi. The prison equipment, Long Xi was about to die, Dao Zhou heard about it and sighed: "It's safe to make the master have the reputation of killing his auxiliary ministers!" He rescued him.

If you don't come in, your superiors will be furious and issue an edict to punish them. Dao Zhou was not defeated, and he said again: "I have been raising troops for many years, and my material resources have been exhausted.

Killing a dragon is useless, it only destroys morale, and hurts the general body. Therefore, I do not think of myself, and I want to Go through the battlefield and observe the key points.

When fighting, a prairie fire is set ablaze, this is what this minister wishes to do.

However, Long Xi also died unexpectedly. [Translation] In the first year of Chongzhen, Huang Daozhou resumed his post.

The next year, Liao Governor Yuan Chonghuan killed Mao Wenlong. Huang Daozhou originally thought that Mao Wenlong was not enough to rely on, but at this time, he sighed alone, thinking that the border disaster would begin from now on.

Soon, the Hou Jin army invaded heavily and approached the capital. The emperor was furious and arrested Yuan Chonghuan in the army to investigate the main envoy.

Yuan Chonghuan said that it was led by Cabinet Minister Qian Longxi. The case was concluded and Qian Longxi was sentenced to death.

When Huang Daozhou heard about this, he sighed and said, "How can we let the emperor bear the reputation of killing his ministers?" Shangshu rescued Qian Longxi. After the memorial was handed over, the emperor was furious and issued an edict to severely reprimand Huang Daozhou.

Huang Daozhou was not intimidated by the suppression, and wrote another memorial: "After supporting the army for many years, material resources have been exhausted. Even if a Qian Longxi is killed, it will not be beneficial to the border war, and it will destroy our own morale in vain. , harming the essence of governing the country.

I deliberately want to experience the battlefield and examine the dangers. Once I am allowed to command the troops, I will extinguish the prairie fire. This is my greatest hope. "

The emperor was even more furious, and Huang Daozhou was eventually stripped of his official status, but Qian Longxi was eventually commuted from the death penalty. In the ninth year, he promoted You Zhongyun.

Wen Tiren, the first assistant at that time, thought that the disasters and wars were caused by the lack of status in the counties and cities. He could not be punished without heavy governance, and he was imprisoned many times. If you think you can do it, you will believe it.

Dao Zhou said: "There is a way for the divine weapons of the world. Books, knives and pens are not the tools of the world. Dirty and trivial people, how can they have great plans?" Ti Ren titled it. .

[Translation] In the ninth year, he was promoted to You Zhongyun. At that time, Wen Tiren, the first assistant minister, believed that disasters and wars were caused by the disorderly governance of counties and counties, which could not be punished without strict laws, so there were many large-scale prison lawsuits.

But the emperor thought he was capable and trusted him even more. Huang Daozhou wrote to Zhou: "There must be methods to govern the world, and legal complaints are not tools to suppress the people of the world.

How can a dirty villain plot a big plan with his wife?" Wen Tiren hated Huang Dao for this. week. Since he has such a great reputation, the world looks upon him as his prime minister.

At that time, Yang Sichang seized his love and served as Minister of the Ministry of War. Lu Xiang, the governor of Xuan Dynasty, was promoted to Ding Jian, and his successor recommended Chen Xinjia to replace him. He also recovered from the funeral. The Confucians of Zhou Dynasty thought that the country would be short of people, so how could they count them with ink? 4. Extracurricular reading of classical Chinese based on the text: 4. (2015? Jiangxi High School Entrance Examination) Reading of extracurricular classical Chinese,

1. B Generally speaking, there should be a pause between the subject and the predicate.

2. (1) Bloom (2) Arrive (or "go") 3. The temple is surrounded by clear streams, pale rocks, dwarf pine trees, and thin bamboos. 4. Bai Juyi and his party set out from Yiai Thatched Cottage, passed through Donglin and Xilin Temples, and arrived at Huacheng Temple. After resting on the top of the peak, they climbed to Xianglu Peak and stayed at Dalin Temple.

5. (1) Dalin is far away (2) Fame and fortune are so tempting! Attached [Translation] Seventeen friends and I, including Jixu from Yuan of Henan Province, set out from Yiai Thatched Cottage, passed through Donglin Temple and Xilin Temple, and arrived at Huacheng Temple. After resting at the summit of the Lecture Platform, we climbed to Xianglu Peak. Stay at Dalin Temple. Dalin Temple is very remote and inaccessible.

There are many clear streams, pale rocks, dwarf pine trees, and thin bamboos around the temple. The temple only has wooden houses and utensils, and the monks are all Haidong people.

The mountains here are high and the terrain is deep, so the seasons change very slowly. Here, the weather in early summer is just like the weather in January and February outside the mountains.

There are peach blossoms and flowers in the mountains, and the green grass in the mountain stream is still short and shallow. The people, scenery, customs and phenology are not at all different from the flat villages outside the temple. When I arrived here, it was like entering another magical world.

Then he casually recited a quatrain: "The beauty of April in the world is gone, and the peach blossoms in the mountain temple are beginning to bloom. The eternal regret of spring has nowhere to go, and I don’t know where to turn."

Soon, we looked around at the roof wall of Dalin Temple and saw poems inscribed by Xiao Cun, Wei Hongjian and Li Bo. For this reason, Yuan Jixu and others all sighed and said: This is actually the most scenic spot in Lushan Mountain. It is less than half a day's journey from the traffic road to the remote Dalin Temple.

It has been nearly twenty years since Xiao, Wei and Li visited Dalin Temple. It has been in a state of neglect and depression, and no famous people have inherited their elegant deed of visiting and writing poems. well! The temptation of fame and fortune to people has reached such an extent! It was the preface written by Bai Juyi of Taiyuan on April 9, the twelfth year of Yuanhe. 5. Reading and answers to the 65th classical Chinese text "Chai Chengwu, courtesy name Baochen" in the biography of Song Dynasty

Reading and answers to the classical Chinese text "Chai Chengwu, courtesy name Baochen"

Author: Anonymous Source of article: Click on the Internet Number: 1915 Update time: 2015-5-8 7:08:10

4.D (returning on behalf of a court official: refers to a court official who served as a foreign official and was transferred back to serve in the court)

5.B

6.C ("false accusation" is wrong; "resigning and returning" does not conform to the meaning of the text. The original text means "to sigh" and "to seek dismissal")

7. (1) Chai Chengwu and Wei Xiang were also in charge of the matter. If there was anything inappropriate in the emperor's edict, he could seal it, refute it, correct it, and report it. (1 point for knowledge; 1 point for issuing an edict; 1 point for sealing and refuting; 2 points for sentence meaning)

(2) Later, the emperor held a ceremony in Fenyin, and as expected, he stayed in the river and the streets were spacious, which was very convenient. (The adverbial phrase "Sacrifice to Fenyin" is postpositioned 1 point; "Liuzhihezhong" is translated as "stay in the river" or "stop the traveling car in the river" 1 point; Xian 1 point)

Reference translation

Chai Chengwu, courtesy name Baochen, was a native of Jiyin, Caozhou. His father, Chai Zimu, passed the Jinshi examination and was good at writing poems. He was appointed as a member of the Ministry of War. Chai Chengwu was directly selected by the Beijing government to take part in the imperial examination during the Qiande period. Taizong, who had always known his reputation, recommended him first. As a result, he passed the Jinshi A Division and took up his first post as a military official in Xiazhou. He was appointed as Cao and Shan's official promotion officer, and was promoted to the chancellor of Dali Temple. In the fifth year of Taiping's rejuvenation of the country, he was promoted to Taichang Cheng and served as the deputy envoy to Shaanxi Province. He was rewarded with Feiyi and was promoted to the imperial censor. In the eighth year of Taiping's rejuvenation of the country, he and the enshrining officer Ge Yangong went on an envoy to Henan to inspect the Changdi. He successively served as the magistrate of Guo and Henan prefectures, and was appointed as the transfer envoy to Zhejiang and Zhejiang provinces. He was appointed as a member of the Ministry of Household Affairs, Wailang, and the Zhishi Guan, and was awarded gold and purple. He entered the court as a judge of the Ministry of Household Affairs and was promoted to be a doctor of Cao. Taizong selected Lang Guan as Shaoqing Supervisor and appointed Chai Chengwu as Guanglu Shaoqing.

Soon I was ordered to go to Korea as an envoy. The customs of Korea were strict with restraints, so they detained the envoy on the grounds that the month and day were unfavorable for reception. Chai Chengwu sent someone to send them a letter and repeatedly enlightened them. They were convinced. This matter was recorded in the "Biography of Goryeo". In the second year of Chunhua, he served as the transport envoy of Jingdong. When the Yellow River burst in Songzhou, Chai Chengwu wrote a letter saying: "The land washed by the river is relatively fertile. I hope to exempt the rent and tax and encourage the people to farm." The imperial court accepted it. He was summoned to the capital to serve as a doctor and a magistrate, and was given 300,000 yuan. At that time, Lu Meng was the prime minister and had been married to him. Therefore, Chai Chengwu resigned to avoid suspicion and the emperor did not approve it. Soon he and Wei Xiang were jointly responsible for the government affairs assessment of officials in Beijing. In the fourth year of Chunhua, Chai Chengwu and Wei Xiang were in charge of the affairs. If there was any inappropriateness in the emperor's edicts, they could be sealed, refuted, and reported.

After the bandits in Shu were pacified, Chai Chengwu went to Xialu as an envoy to pacify him, and was appointed as the official Zuo Jianyi and the magistrate of Hezhong Prefecture. Changshi Yin and Xia were still uneasy, and Pujin was the choke point for transporting supplies to the western front. Chai Chengwu prepared all the work and recruited 800 households to settle here. The streets in Fucheng were quite narrow. Chai Chengwu said: "The country has been at peace for a long time. If the emperor comes, how can we station thousands of chariots and horses?" So he demolished the houses and widened the roads. Later, the emperor held sacrifices in Fenyin, and he stayed in the river. The streets were spacious and everyone thought it was very convenient.

After Zhenzong ascended the throne, he was promoted to the magistrate of Shizhong and Zizhou.

Soon after his term was completed and he returned to the court, he was appointed as the magistrate of Qingzhou. He petitioned to wait until the Yongxi Mausoleum was completed before taking up the post. Soon after he accepted the imperial edict, he compiled the "Records of Taizong" with Qian Ruoshui and others. After the book was compiled, he was appointed as the magistrate of Yangzhou. When he entered the imperial court and was sentenced to the Ministry of Criminal Affairs, a low-level official in his department was arrogant and rude. Chai Chengwu was angry and ordered someone to flog him. The official beat the drum and complained about his injustice, and the emperor issued an edict for questioning. Chai Chengwu sighed: "As an officer, I have to ask questions even if I am responsible for a small official. How can I have the face to handle affairs in the lobby!" and asked to resign. In the early years of Jingde, he died at the age of seventy-one.

Chai Chengwu had literary talents, was knowledgeable about archeology, was good at talking, and loved to joke. Scholars respected him for his elegance. However, people regretted that he lacked a reputation for integrity when he was a local official. There are twenty volumes of collected works. Chai Chengwu did not have a son until he was sixty-six years old. When he died, his son was only six years old. The court appointed him as Fenglilang, named Yifan, and later became a doctor of Guozi. 6. Lu Xiangsheng, a native of Yixing

Lu Xiangsheng (1600-1639), also known as Jiandou, also known as Douzhan, Jiezhan, and Jiutai.

Han nationality, native of Yixing County, Changzhou Prefecture, Southern Zhili Province, a famous general and national hero in the late Ming Dynasty. From the sixth year of Chongzhen (1633), he participated in the suppression of Li Zicheng and other peasant armies with meritorious service, and was promoted to the right deputy censor, prime minister of military affairs in Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Huguang, and Sichuan, and governor of Huguang. Later, he was promoted to minister of the Ministry of War, and then moved to the Ministry of War. Zuo Shilang, governor of Xuanfu, Datong, and Shanxi military affairs.

In the seventh year of Chongzhen (1634), Zhang Xianzhong’s peasant army was defeated. In the eighth year of Chongzhen (1635), he defeated the peasant armies of Gao Yingxiang and Li Zicheng.

In the eleventh year of Chongzhen (1638), he served as the Minister of War. He advocated the resistance against the Qing Dynasty and guarded the capital. In the twelfth year of Chongzhen (1639), Lu Xiangsheng and his troops were surrounded by the Qing army in Julujiazhuang. He was unable to save the Qing army, but he died on the battlefield due to all the artillery and arrows.

He was posthumously given to the Crown Prince, Taishi, and Minister of War. He was given the posthumous title of "Zhonglie" during the reign of King Fu of the Southern Ming Dynasty, and the posthumous title of "Zhongsu" was given to him in the Qing Dynasty.