Control methods of wheat stripe rust

The disease is an air-borne disease, so it is necessary to adopt a comprehensive control strategy based on planting resistant varieties, supplemented by chemical control and cultivation measures, in order to effectively control its harm. Wheat stripe rust is a serious biological disaster that has long affected the safe production of wheat in China. Wheat production will be reduced by 10%-20% in general epidemic years, and it can be reduced by more than 60% in abnormal epidemic years, and even the wheat harvest is almost zero. According to the comprehensive analysis of the number of bacterial sources, weather conditions and variety layout, it is predicted that the occurrence of wheat stripe rust in China will be about 30 million mu in 20 1 1 year. Among them, the late-maturing wheat areas in northwest Sichuan, Longnan, southwestern Shaanxi, southern Henan, most of Xinjiang and Ningxia will be moderately or severely prevalent. Recent investigations in Mianyang, Sichuan, Shiyan, Hubei, Hanzhong, Shaanxi and other places have found that a large central disease group of wheat stripe rust has appeared. Because stripe rust is very popular and contagious, the propagation and spread of the disease is very fast under suitable temperature and humidity conditions. With the increase of temperature, wheat stripe rust will gradually enter the peak period. Agricultural departments at all levels should attach great importance to disease prevention and control as a key measure to win a bumper harvest of summer grain, strengthen disease monitoring, adopt zoning prevention and control strategies, select efficient pesticide varieties, prevent and control disease epidemics in time, and ensure a bumper harvest of wheat. (1) Select resistant varieties to make the distribution of resistant sources reasonable and the varieties rotate regularly. M8003 and Changwu131can be selected for dry land in Shaanxi; Shaanxi 229 and Shaanxi 86 1 can choose dry and fertile land; Shan 927, Shan 160, Xinong 88- 1, Shuiyan 107, Zhi 8 1 168 can be selected as water areas. Gansu can choose Tianxuan 40, Tian882, Mianyang 15, Mianyang 19 and Mianyang 20; Chuanyu 9 and Chuanyu10; Hebei can choose McKee 19, McKee 26, McKee 54 18, Kang Feng 13, Jing Yao 626 and so on. Henan can choose Yumai 17, Zheng 8329, Xuzhou 2 1 and Zheng 891; Young Mai No.4 and No.5 can be selected in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In addition, China has also cultivated a large number of new varieties resistant to stripe rust, which can be selected according to local conditions. Such as JD.COM No.8, Jinghe No.3 (93 1), Jing 4 1, Dongmai1,Beinongbai, Bainong 64, Zhengzhou 89 15, 94 1 and Zhoumai 9. Yumai 35 and 39, Chuanmai 24 and 25; Mianyang 25, 26, Chuannongmai 1, Shuwan 41; Ji Shen Stone 4 185, McKee 38, 40, 4 1, 6021(9306); Wanmai 26, 27, 28, Zaomai 5, Dianmai 18, 19, 20, vama 8, Qinmai 12, Xinong 1376. Spring wheat includes Kenjiu No.5, Linmai No.29 and No.30, Longchun 15, Ningchun No.24, Longchun No.9, Longchun No.8139, Ding Feng No.3, Jinghong No.8, Kechun 14, Chun Qing No.26 and No.533, etc. When applying disease-resistant varieties, pay attention to the rational layout of rust-resistant varieties. Using the diversity or heterogeneity of population resistance of resistant varieties to control the change of rust population composition and the formation of dominant races. Avoid a single variety, but not too many, and pay attention to regular rotation to prevent the loss of resistance. Select effective drug varieties:

Vigorously promote the high-efficiency and low-toxicity systemic fungicides based on triazoles and diniconazole for field spray control. Spraying 80-100g triadimefon powder per mu, or spraying 30-40g diniconazole powder per mu, or spraying 40ml 12.5% suspending agent per mu, the control effect can reach over 90%.

(2) Agricultural control

① Sowing at the right time, sowing at the right time, not too early, can reduce the occurrence of stripe rust in autumn seedling stage.

② Remove autologous wheat.

(3) Advocating the application of decomposed organic fertilizer made of compost or enzyme bacteria, increasing the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and doing a good job in the reasonable collocation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to enhance the disease resistance of wheat. Available nitrogen should not be too much or too late to prevent wheat from being greedy for green and late maturing, which will aggravate the damage.

(4) Reasonable irrigation, pay attention to ditching and drainage when the soil moisture is high or after rain, and properly irrigate when the disease is serious in the later period to reduce the yield loss.

The basic measure to control wheat stripe rust is to plant disease-resistant varieties according to local conditions. After wheat harvest, timely ploughing and stubble clearing, eliminating autogenous wheat seedlings and reducing overwintering bacteria sources can reduce the incidence of wheat. (3) Chemical Control Chemical control is needed in wheat areas where there are no disease-resistant varieties or the rust resistance of the original disease-resistant varieties is lost, and there are no subsequent varieties. In China, the effective fungicides for rust include disodium salt, disodium salt, barium fluoride preparation, calcium sulfamate, fluorosilicone urea, weixiuling, bactericidal Dan, zineb and so on. ① Triadimefon is 0.03% of the seed weight (active ingredient), that is, 25% triadimefon wettable powder 15g is mixed with wheat seeds 150kg, or 12.5% terbutazole wettable powder is mixed with wheat seeds 50kg.

② The incidence of diseased leaves in spring wheat is 2% ~ 4% from jointing stage to booting stage. When the severity reaches 65,438+0%, spraying 20% triadimefon EC or 65,438+02.5% terbutazole (diniconazole, quick-polymerization) wettable powder 65,438+0,000 ~ 2,000 is started. When wheat rust, leaf blight and sheath blight are mixed, at the initial stage of the disease, 20 ~ 35g of 12.5% terbutazole wettable powder is used to spray water at 667m^2, and 50 ~ 80l is very effective, which can not only control rust, but also treat leaf blight and sheath blight. Strengthen disease surveillance:

Agricultural plant protection departments at all levels should closely monitor the occurrence of wheat stripe rust in accordance with the investigation norms, and conscientiously do a good job in fixed-point observation and field investigation of the disease; Accurately grasp the dynamics of stripe rust, and timely issue forecasts and prevention alarms according to the development and changes of the disease; Inform government departments and superior business departments of the occurrence of diseases in time, and provide reliable basis for disease prevention and control decisions.

Adopt zoning prevention and control strategy:

We should focus on early pesticide control in winter breeding areas such as northwest Hubei, Sichuan Basin, southern Henan, southern Shaanxi, Chongqing, Guizhou and Yunnan, and take "drug reconnaissance" to control epidemic spots in time; Provide unified prevention and control of wheat fields and control the regional spread of diseases. In the spring epidemic areas such as the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Shanghai, it is necessary to strengthen the disease monitoring and spray drugs when the incidence reaches 5%. In the areas which are changeable in summer, such as southeast Gansu, northwest Sichuan, south Ningxia and Haidong (the fungus source base in autumn), we should adopt rust-resistant improved varieties and chemical seed dressing, combined with comprehensive measures such as stopping sowing and late sowing of wheat.