Know little about creation and magic.

1. Know little about scientific and technological innovation.

Little knowledge about scientific and technological creation 1. Lack of scientific and technological knowledge

First of all, invent what

Bugu is a beautiful and clever little girl. One day, she watched some big friends play table tennis and saw them pick up the dropped table tennis from time to time. Sometimes the ball rolls under the table and has to climb in to pick it up. Can you invent a tool so that people can pick up table tennis without bending over, let alone get under the table? In this way, Bu Gu took the first step of invention, that is, he discovered or thought of an invention topic-table tennis ball picking tool.

Second, how to invent

So, how to pick up table tennis on the ground? Thus, the cuckoo began the second step of invention. She thought of using a clip, but it's not easy to clip it like this, no way! When she saw her mother vacuuming the carpet, she thought of table tennis. Can you suck table tennis like a vacuum cleaner? She found Bu Shan Ge, who works in an electrical appliance factory. Shan Ge told her: "Ping-pong can be sucked, but such a picking tool is too complicated. The simpler the tool, the better. " Du Yu began to think again.

One night, she attended a concert with her brother. Accompanied by beautiful music, Bugu meditated on her invention again, and the strings struck her heartstrings. If you pull a few elastic thin wires at one end of a long tube like a string, the distance between the wires is smaller than that of table tennis. When the long tube is pressed against the table tennis on the ground, the ball will squeeze into the empty tube between the two wires, and the two wires will be restored to their original state by elasticity. Boog is very happy. The next day, he found a paper tube half a meter long and pulled three rubber bands at one end of the paper tube. Try it, it's really delicious! Picking up table tennis, Boog realized the second step of the invention by his own wisdom.

Third, improve the invention

Bugu took her ping-pong ball-picking tool for everyone to try. During the trial, someone said, "This paper is too thick, can it be thinner?" Others said: "rubber bands are easy to wear off, and it is inconvenient to change rubber bands after they are broken." After listening to everyone's opinions, Bugu decided to further improve his invention and creation. She entered the third step of invention.

How to perfect this invention? First, she thinned the thick paper tube, which was only a little larger than the diameter of table tennis. Where's the rubber band? Hi! Yes, replace the rubber band with a circle of sponge (as shown in Figure 5). She picked up the improved table tennis pickup tube and pressed it gently on the table tennis, and the ball squeezed into the tube. Because of the elasticity of the sponge itself, the ball can't get in or out. With this tool, you can pick up dozens of ping-pong balls in a row. As long as the bucket is turned upside down, the table tennis will roll out from the other end of the bucket.

2. Lack of scientific and technological knowledge is urgent

What are the three parts of sunlight?

Visible light, ultraviolet light and infrared light

The largest mass of the eight planets is

Jupiter

What is the largest freshwater lake in China?

Poyang Lake (in Jiangxi Province)

The head of the five mountains is

Mount Tai

Rotate around the earth axis passing through the north and south poles, and the direction is from west to east. The farther away from the poles, the higher the speed.

big

What is the largest mammal in the world?

blue whale

Which city is called the foggy capital of the world?

London

What is the main energy source in 2 1 century?

Solar energy/solar energy

Known as the windmill power generation kingdom is

Denmark

What kind of pollution is called the best killer in the world?

water pollution

What is the closest planet to the sun?

mercury

Which country is Greenwich Observatory located in?

Britain, England

Dry ice is

carbon dioxide

China was invented by Bi Sheng in the Northern Song Dynasty.

relief printing

Why is China a land power and a maritime power?

With a vast territory of 9.6 million square kilometers, China is the largest country in Asia and one of the largest countries in the world, ranking third in the world after Russian and Canadian countries. The coastline of Chinese mainland starts from the mouth of Yalu River in the north and ends at the mouth of Beilun River in the south, with a total length of18,000 kilometers and an island coastline of more than 32,000 kilometers. There are more than 6,500 islands; According to the relevant provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and China's proposition, the sea area under the jurisdiction of China is about 3 million square kilometers. China has vast sea areas and abundant resources, so China is also a maritime power.

Why is space junk so harmful?

They have become potential killers of satellites and orbiting space stations, seriously threatening the safety of astronauts. You know, space junk runs at the speed of the universe. An oncoming metal particle with a diameter of 0.5 mm is enough to pierce the sealed flight suit; Dust that people can't distinguish with the naked eye (such as paint chips and paint powder) can also kill astronauts; A fragment the size of an aspirin tablet can "paralyze" a satellite and send a spacecraft costing hundreds of millions of dollars into a dead end. Because of the huge amount of tiny space debris, it will seriously change the surface performance of spacecraft; Slightly larger space debris will damage the surface materials of spacecraft, cause impact pits and damage surface devices; The high-speed impact of space debris will vaporize itself and the surface material of the spacecraft being hit into plasma clouds, which will eventually lead to the failure of the spacecraft.

3. Know a little about science

How do birds sleep? During the day, birds shuttle in the branches, chirp and fly freely under the blue sky. At night, they should rest, sleep and recover their strength like us, but the sleeping posture is different! Beautiful mallard ducks and swans hunt and play in the water during the day, but they can't rest when they leave their favorite water at night.

They bend their beautiful long necks, bury their heads in their wings, and then let themselves float on the water, dreaming a beautiful dream, drifting with the tide, very leisurely. Long-legged birds such as cranes, storks and herons always sleep independently on one foot, and when they are tired, they change their other feet, which is a model of combining work and rest.

Partridges like to form a big circle in groups when resting, and then their heads are outward and their tails are inward. In this way, no matter which direction the enemy attacks, they can find and escape in time.

Birds with sweet voices, such as blackbirds and larks, usually bend their legs when sleeping, and their claws bend to firmly grasp the branches without worrying about falling from the trees. And the owl, a "night-shift" raptor, you can always see it standing on a dense branch with one eye open during the day, actually sleeping.

Isn't the owl's sleeping position very different? Is to always monitor the surrounding environment and guard against enemy attacks! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Will the fish drown? Fish has gills and can breathe in the water, while fish has swim bladder and can float freely in the water. However, some people say that fish living in water will also drown. Is it true?/You don't say. It sounds ridiculous, but it's true.

The swim bladder is the "lifebuoy" for fish swimming, and it can adjust the specific gravity of fish by inflating and deflating. In this way, when swimming, the fish can maintain a stable state without sinking or floating in the water, and the muscle activity is minimal.

However, when the fish sinks to a certain depth (that is, the "critical depth"), the huge external pressure will make the volume of the swim bladder irreparable. At this point, its buoyancy is less than its own gravity, so it will involuntarily sink to the bottom of the water, can not float up again, and will eventually drown because it can not breathe.

Although fish can still float upward by swinging their fins and tails, it won't help if they sink too deep. On the other hand, fish living in the deep sea can live freely in the deep water because their bones can bear great pressure.

If we quickly let the fish living in the deep sea reach the "critical depth", it will continue to "swell" until it comes to the surface because the pressure inside its body cannot be balanced with the smaller pressure outside. Sometimes, it even spits out its internal organs and "explodes" to die.

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Greedy children become stupid. Gluttony will reduce the blood flow to the brain. If you eat too much at a time, or eat all the time, you will mobilize a lot of blood in the human body, including blood from the brain, to the gastrointestinal tract. Adequate blood supply is the premise of development, and if it is often in ischemic state, its development will inevitably be affected.

Gluttony will lead to overeating in the "obese brain", especially if you eat too much nutritious food, the calories you consume will greatly exceed the calories you consume, and the heat energy will be converted into fat and accumulated in the body. If there is too much fat in brain tissue, it will cause "brain obesity".

Studies have confirmed that human intelligence is related to the number of wrinkles in the sulcus gyrus of the brain. The more obvious the sulcus gyrus, the more wrinkles, and the higher the intelligence level. The obese brain makes the sulcus close, wrinkles disappear, the cerebral cortex is smooth, the neural network is poorly developed, and the intelligence level will be reduced.

Overeating can inhibit the physiological function of the intelligent area of the brain. The way of human brain activity is that excitation and inhibition induce each other, that is, when some parts of the brain are excited, some areas of its adjacent parts are in a state of inhibition. The stronger the excitement, the deeper the inhibition on the surrounding parts, and vice versa. Therefore, if the autonomic nerve center responsible for gastrointestinal digestion is excited for a long time because of overeating, it will inevitably lead to the suppression of adjacent brain intelligent areas such as language, thinking, memory and imagination.

If these areas are often suppressed, their intelligence will get worse and worse. Overeating can damage the brain because of constipation. Snacks for children are mostly high-nutrient fine foods, which are easy to constipation.

When constipation occurs, the metabolites accumulate in the digestive tract for a long time, and after the action of intestinal bacteria, a large number of harmful substances are produced, which are easily absorbed by the intestine and enter the blood circulation, causing chronic poisoning of brain nerve cells and affecting the normal development of the brain. Overeating can also promote premature aging of the brain. In a study, scientists found that a substance that can promote premature aging of the brain-fibroblast growth factor, will increase tens of thousands of times after meals because of overeating. This is a substance that can promote arteriosclerosis, so overeating will cause premature aging of the brain in the long run.

Simple and easy-to-learn scientific knowledge The mystery of automatic rotation: Why do cartons filled with water rotate? Materials: empty milk cartons, nails, 60 cm long rope, sink, water operation: 1. Punch five holes in the empty milk box with nails. 2. One hole is in the middle of the top of the carton, and the other four holes are in the lower left corner of the four sides of the carton. 3. Tie a rope about 60 cm long on the top hole. 4. Put the paper box on the plate, open the paper box mouth and fill the paper box quickly. Because this force acts on the lower left corner of each side, the carton rotates clockwise: 1. If you punch holes in the center of each side, how will the carton rotate? 2. If the hole is located in the lower right corner of each side, which direction will the carton rotate? Thinking: Have you ever seen boating? Rowing by yourself? Do you know why the ship is moving on the water? Material: 1 scissors, 1 cardboard, 1 rubber band, washbasin and 1 basin water technology: 1. Cut the cardboard about 12 cm *8 cm long. 2. Cut one end into a sharp shape as a bow. Cut a gap of about 5cm from the center of the other end to make the stern. 3. Cut a piece of cardboard boat pulp about 3cm * 5cm. 4. Cover the stern with a rubber band and tie it to the oar. 5. Turn the cardboard paddle counterclockwise and tighten the rubber band, and the boat will move forward. 6. If you turn the cardboard paddle clockwise and tighten the rubber band, the boat will move backwards. Description: 1, the rubber band is twisted in different directions, and the ship is moving.

About 4.20 words of scientific knowledge. Thank you.

Small scientific knowledge

Why does sorbet get angry?

The reason why sorbet bubbles is because there is a lot of invisible water vapor in the outside air. When it comes to cold sorbet, it will liquefy into droplets when it is cold. It seems that the sorbet is bubbling.

Why do sunflowers always face the sun?

Sunflower stems contain a wonderful auxin. This auxin is very afraid of light. When it is illuminated, it will go to the backlight side, and the cells on the backlight side will multiply rapidly. Therefore, the backlit side will grow faster than the bright side, which will bend the sunflower to light.

Why does cicada shed its skin?

Cicada's shell (exoskeleton) is hard and can't expand with the growth of cicada. When the cicada grows to a certain stage, the cicada's exoskeleton restricts its growth, and the cicada loses its original exoskeleton, which is cicada slough.

5. Know little about science

1. According to China's meteorological regulations, rain with a precipitation of more than 50 mm in 24 hours is called "rainstorm". According to its precipitation intensity, it is divided into three grades, that is, the 24-hour precipitation is 50~99.9 mm, which is called "rainstorm"; /kloc-the area below 0/00 ~ 200 mm is "rainstorm"; More than 200 mm is called "rainstorm".

Second, choose one

Third, choose C.

Fourth, correct. This is the truth of sea water drying salt. The water in concentrated brine is evaporated (or boiled) into steam and diffused into the air, leaving salt.

5. 1, and the alcohol should not exceed 2/3 of the volume of the alcohol lamp at most;

2. Be sure to light alcohol lamps with matches, and don't light each other;

3. Heat the object with the outer flame of the alcohol lamp flame;

Don't extinguish the flame by blowing it out, but cover it with a lamp cap.

5. After the flame goes out, remove the lamp holder and cover it again. When not in use, the wick should not be exposed to air.

Cumulus clouds are usually associated with weather.

Seven, cirrus is very high and belongs to the Gaoyun family. The height of cloud bottom is 4500~ 10000m, which is cirrus.

Sometimes it can be as high as 17000m or as low as 2000m. At this altitude, the temperature is very low and there is almost no water vapor. Clouds are made up of tiny and sparse ice crystals, so they are thin and translucent, white and shiny, and often have a silky structure. Because the clouds are too high, cirrus clouds are easy to evaporate and will not reach the ground. Even if small water droplets are produced, they will not feel the rain on the ground, which symbolizes that it will be sunny all day.

Eight, 100 grams of water can dissolve () milligrams of water. Your problem needs to be studied.

6. About "scientific invention and scientific common sense"

Scientific common sense: swollen popcorn.

"bang!" With a loud noise, the smell of popcorn drifted away. Popcorn is big, round, crisp and fragrant, and it is a very popular puffed food. The volume of rice suddenly expanded many times after being processed by explosive rice. No wonder some people humorously call the rice explosion machine "grain bulking machine"! So, how is the rice grain enlarged?

As we all know, the gas sealed in the container has special properties: the higher the temperature, the greater the pressure. When the rice explosion machine heats, the air pressure sealed in the tank gradually increases; At the same time, the rice inside is gradually heated, and the water stored in the rice gradually evaporates and accumulates in the tin can. The temperature of the tank is rising, and the air pressure in the tank is getting bigger and bigger. This high pressure prevents the water in the rice from continuing to evaporate, so that the water remaining in the rice gradually heats up and pressurizes, and the rice grains are like small balloons filled with gas, which can't burst just because they are constrained by the air pressure in the tank. When the air pressure in the tank rises to 2-3 atmospheres (as can be seen from the barometer), stop heating. At this time, the popcorn master put a long cloth bag on the mouth of the rice cake and then opened the lid. Just then, with a loud noise, rice was sprayed into the bag. The high-temperature and high-pressure rice grains suddenly entered the low-pressure environment, and the high-temperature and high-pressure water contained in the rice grains lost its binding force, so it expanded rapidly, making the rice grains expand rapidly and become popcorn.

Through popcorn, we saw the great power of "high temperature and high pressure". Festive fireworks, firecrackers, blasting in construction sites, steam hammers in factories, steam locomotives of Hercules ... Their colorful performances are all directed by "high temperature and high pressure". With the development of science and technology, it has become a powerful driving force for production.

Scientific invention: a pair of pictures.

7. Know little about science

Why does sorbet get angry?

The reason why sorbet bubbles is because there is a lot of invisible water vapor in the outside air. When it comes to cold sorbet, it will liquefy into droplets when it is cold. It seems that the sorbet is bubbling.

Why do sunflowers always face the sun?

Sunflower stems contain a wonderful auxin. This auxin is very afraid of light. When it is illuminated, it will go to the backlight side, and the cells on the backlight side will multiply rapidly. Therefore, the backlit side will grow faster than the bright side, which will bend the sunflower to light.

Why does cicada shed its skin?

Cicada's shell (exoskeleton) is hard and can't expand with the growth of cicada. When the cicada grows to a certain stage, the cicada's exoskeleton restricts its growth, and the cicada loses its original exoskeleton, which is cicada slough.

How do bees make honey?

First, the bees spit the sweet juice of the flowers they picked into an empty hive. At night, they suck sweet juice into their honey stomachs to make it, and then spit it out and swallow it. It takes 100~240 times to make sweet honey.

How do birds sleep?

During the day, birds fly freely under the blue sky. At night, they should rest, sleep and recover their strength like us, but the sleeping posture is different!

Beautiful mallard ducks and swans hunt and play in the water during the day, but they can't rest when they leave their favorite water at night. They bend their beautiful long necks, bury their heads in their wings, and then let themselves float on the water, dreaming a beautiful dream, drifting with the tide, very leisurely.

Long-legged birds such as cranes, storks and herons always sleep independently on one foot, and when they are tired, they change their other feet, which is a model of combining work and rest.

Partridges like to form a big circle in groups when resting, and then their heads are outward and their tails are inward. In this way, no matter which direction the enemy attacks, they can find and escape in time.

Birds with sweet voices, such as blackbirds and larks, usually bend their legs when sleeping, and their claws bend to firmly grasp the branches without worrying about falling from the trees.

And the owl, a "night-shift" raptor, you can always see it standing on a dense branch with one eye open during the day, actually sleeping. Isn't the owl's sleeping position very different? Is to monitor the surrounding environment at all times and guard against enemy attacks.

8. Know little about science

The word science, in English, originated from Latin scio, later evolved into scientin, and finally became the writing method today. Its original meaning is knowledge and learning.

Fukuzawa Yukichi, a famous Japanese master of scientific enlightenment, translated "science" into "science". 1893, Kang Youwei introduced and used the word "science".

Yan Fu also used the word "science" when translating scientific works such as Evolution. Since then, the word "science" has been widely used in China.

The original meaning of science is systematic knowledge. I think maybe, in the19th century, science has become a very huge knowledge system. It is divided into many majors, and these majors are not related to each other like other knowledge. In addition to professional concepts, the basic concepts are the same, and the basic methods are the same. "Branch" means classification or hierarchy, so I think science is more suitable for "science".

China's ancient classics about the origin of science are all information records about exploring the laws of science! Zu Chongzhi's ancient mathematical pi, Zhang Heng's seismograph, compass and compass in Han Dynasty, etc. , are typical medical achievements of Huangdi Neijing! It is a scientific masterpiece of ancient China society! But as far as the word science is concerned, it may still be imported! China's idiom "nameless" actually tells us that all books and biographies are records of ancient human and social science exploration in China! Since Sima Qian, historical records have been compiled according to biographies of historical figures, recording all identifiable historical records of written materials before the Han Dynasty! These are masterpieces of natural science and social science! Generally speaking, science is an attitude, viewpoint and method! At the same time, scientific things themselves have paradoxes! In other words, things in different professional disciplines are easily confused and considered contradictory! In fact, it reflects the scientific understanding of different complex aspects of things! As long as comrades engaged in scientific and technological work are well aware, it is very difficult to establish initial concepts, assumptions and assumptions! Therefore, the original concept of science itself is very difficult for any top scientist in the world! Therefore, it takes courage to give a basic definition of science! It takes courage! We also need to pay attention to the high realm of human destiny! In fact, before this, because the word science has never been strictly defined, it will cause a series of confusion and unnecessary arguments. For example, was there any science in ancient China? Is TCM a science? What's the difference between science and pseudoscience? What is the difference between science and religion? Wait a minute.

And these questions are very, very attractive. Therefore, the times require us to give an appropriate definition as soon as possible to solve these disputes.

In this definition, the attribute "as close as possible to the truth, without self-contradiction" was added by myself, because it is to clarify the meaning of science, that is, to clarify what kind of knowledge system science is (I still don't understand why many books dare not add it clearly). Of course, "contradiction" refers to logical contradiction.

"Knowledge system" is people's initial understanding of science. As a practical knowledge, the most important thing is to be highly organized and structured.

At this point, any classic work has this feature to some extent, and the most famous one in ancient times is Geometry. Perhaps the most organized thing in China's classical works is my ignorance. I think the secrets in Orange (a chess book) have the greatest influence on me.

However, the scientific knowledge system is not as small as some knowledge systems and the scope of discussion is so narrow, but a very huge knowledge system, and its ambition even attempts to cover everything. It is unique that such a huge system still needs to maintain a strong order and structure.

But there is not only one knowledge system, so it is necessary to know what kind of knowledge system science is. The definition is given in the previous part, so skip a paragraph and discuss it again.

People have long recognized that science is a social undertaking that benefits mankind, but its significance is further deepened with the development of the times. And this is also difficult for people who lack education to understand.

How can the knowledge expressed in books be a social activity? It cannot be understood by others, nor can it be repeatedly verified by others. This is not knowledge in itself. Why should we emphasize its sociality? This is because science's understanding of knowledge is much stricter than others. No matter for wizards, religious people, civilians or scientists, knowledge refers to correct statements and correct predictions, that is, knowledge is what people think of as "truth".

But only scientists examine "truth" very strictly. We should not only see whether its initial statement (usually called axiom) comes from intuition, experiment or good reason, but also carefully examine any details in the process of derivation and see if any conclusions it derives conflict with experiments or life experiences.

This series of work can't be completed by people without scientific training, so it needs education, the cooperation of many scientists and the understanding and support of the general public. With the development of science, the higher the complexity of science, the stronger its sociality.

"Close to the truth" emphasizes the characteristics of science. Compared with others, science emphasizes doubt and innovation most, because science is based on the premise of no foresight. At the same time, science attaches great importance to inheritance and reference! It is believed that all knowledge is people's understanding of the objective world. Although science pursues the unity of subjective world and objective world, after all, subjective world and objective existence are not the same thing. No matter how correct knowledge is, it is only close to the description of the world, not the description of the objective world.

For example, the ideal gas model can describe oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide at normal temperature and pressure very well, because the linearity of these gas molecules is much smaller than the distance between them. Van der Waals' revision of the ideal gas model only approximately describes the real gas such as water vapor.

Scientists knew from the beginning that their theories were similar, so they never expected that the conclusions drawn from their theories were not wrong with the real world. All knowledge is man-made and the product of the subjective world. Even if there are aliens, they can only be better than the people on earth.

9. Information on scientific and technological achievements

The achievements created by science and technology are the crystallization of the hard work of scientific and technological workers, and are important spiritual wealth and material wealth of mankind; It is a productive force with special significance, and it is also an important symbol to measure the completion of scientific research tasks and the quality and contribution of scientific researchers.

It is the wealth and intellectual resources of the country. Scientific research achievements should meet the following three conditions: (1) Scientific research achievements should be creative and advanced. Creativity means having new ideas in theory and new improvements in technology.

The advanced nature should be improved in the technical value and level of the results; (2) Scientific research achievements must have social value (scientific value and initial economic value) and be recognized by the society. It should not only be practical, but also conform to scientific laws, implementation conditions and meeting requirements, and have high economic value. (3) The scientific research achievements must go through technical appraisal or review.

Appraisal or evaluation shall be conducted by peer experts. Only when it is considered qualified can it be counted as an achievement.

10. A short story about scientific and technological knowledge

One day, Edison was working in the laboratory. He handed his assistant an empty glass bulb without a lampholder and said, "Measure the capacity of the bulb." He bowed his head to work again. After a long time, he asked, "What's the capacity?" He didn't hear the answer, but turned to see the assistant measuring the circumference and inclination of the light bulb with a soft ruler, holding the measured figures and bending over the table to calculate them. He said, "Time, time, why does it take so much time?" Edison came over, picked up the empty light bulb, filled it with water, handed it to his assistant, and said, "Pour the water into the measuring cup and tell me its capacity at once." The assistant read out the numbers at once. Edison said, "How easy it is to measure. It is both accurate and time-saving. Why didn't you think of it? " ? Still counting. Isn't that a waste of time? "The assistant's face turned red. Edison murmured, "Life is too short, too short. Save time and do more! " "

2. One day, there was a big storm. The wind is howling, the dust is flying, and the mystery is long, which makes people open their eyes. Newton thought it was a good opportunity to study and calculate the wind accurately. So, he took the appliance and ran back and forth in the storm. He stumbled and measured with difficulty. Several times the dust fascinated his eyes, several times the wind blew away the paper, and several times the wind forced him to suspend his work, but none of them shook his thirst for knowledge. He finally got the correct data over and over again. He was so happy that he hurried home to continue his research. Where there is a will, there is a way. After diligent study, Newton laid a solid foundation for his tower of science. Soon, Newton's math tower was built.