Types of monsoon climate

According to latitude position, it can be divided into the following categories: summary

It appears on the east coast of Eurasia near 35 ~ 55 north latitude, including the area north of Qinling-Huaihe line in eastern China, Korean Peninsula, northern Japan and southern Russian Far East. It is located in the east temperate zone of Eurasia, specifically in North China, Northeast China of China, Northeast China of Honshu, Hokkaido Island, most parts of the Korean Peninsula and the Russian Far East. It is characterized by high temperature and rain in summer and cold and dry in winter. The temperature is below 0 degrees in winter, and it rains the most in summer. In winter, affected by the northerly winds in high latitudes inland, polar continental air masses prevail and are cold and dry. In summer, influenced by polar ocean air mass or denatured tropical ocean air mass, easterly wind and southeast wind prevail, which is warm and rainy, with rain and heat in the same season. The annual precipitation is about 1000mm, of which about two thirds is concentrated in summer (hot and rainy in summer and cold and dry in winter). The four seasons are distinct, and the direction of winter and summer monsoon changes obviously.

Be distributed

It is located in the east temperate zone of Eurasia, specifically in North China, Northeast China of China, Northeast China of Honshu, Hokkaido Island, most parts of the Korean Peninsula and the Russian Far East.

cause

Located between the largest continent and the largest ocean, the thermal properties of land and ocean are significantly different. In summer, the Eurasian continental depression is connected, the ocean subtropical high extends westward and lifts northward, and the southeast monsoon from the subtropical high in the North Pacific brings abundant precipitation. The northwest monsoon from the powerful Mongolian high in winter affects the local area. Because the wind shear meets the requirements of monsoon, it is a monsoon climate.

trait

1. High temperature and rainy in summer: In summer, the solar altitude angle increases, the days are long and the nights are short, the temperature is high, and the southeast monsoon blowing from the tropical ocean brings abundant precipitation.

2. Winter is cold and dry: the coldest monthly average temperature is below 0 degrees Celsius, and winter is cold. The reason is that the local latitude is high, close to the source of winter wind, and the terrain is low and flat, which strengthens the winter wind.

The monsoon is extraordinary.

4. Summer and autumn are often affected by tropical cyclones.

Natural belt

It is a temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest belt.

The agricultural landscape in this area

Wheat, beet, peanut, cotton, etc.

Major cities in this area

China's Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Taiyuan, Zhengzhou, Xi 'an, Harbin, Changchun, Shenyang, Dalian, Jinan, Qingdao and Lianyungang; Sapporo, Hakodate, Otaru, Aomori, Morioka, Akita, Sendai, Yamagata and Fukushima in Japan; Pyongyang, Sinuiju, Jinqing, Seoul, Incheon and Daejeon in North Korea; Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, Blagoveshchensk in Russia, Qingcheng Mountain on the Amur River, etc. summary

It is distributed on the east coast of subtropical continent at 25 ~ 35 north latitude, and it is a zone where tropical marine air masses and polar continental air masses alternately control and compete with each other. It is mainly distributed in the south of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains in eastern China, north of tropical monsoon climate, south of Japan and south of Korean Peninsula. The climate zone is not cold in winter, the average temperature of 65438+ 10 is generally above 0℃, and it is hot in summer, and the average temperature of July is generally around 25℃, and the direction of Xia Feng changes obviously in winter. The annual precipitation is generally above 1000 mm, mainly concentrated in summer and less in winter. This climate is most typical in the southeast of China. In other areas, because there is a considerable amount of precipitation in winter, there is little difference between winter and summer, so it is called subtropical monsoon humid climate.

The subtropical monsoon climate is mainly located at the edge of the Pacific Ocean, with high temperature and rainy summer and low temperature and little rain in winter. The subtropical monsoon climate zone is rich in heat resources, with annual average temperature 13℃~ 20℃ and accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃4000℃~ 6500℃. The monthly average temperature in 65438+ 10 is above 0℃, 0℃~2℃ in the north of the Yangtze River, 2℃~ 10℃ in the south of the Yangtze River and10℃ in Nanling area. Due to the low terrain and weak barrier function, Huaiyang Mountain is often affected by cold air from the south in winter, especially Jianghan Plain and Dongting Lake Plain, which are connected to Nanyang Basin in the north and Gui Xiang Corridor in Nantong. Winter becomes a channel for cold air to move southward, where the 65438+ 10 monthly isotherm protrudes southward in a tongue shape. The absolute minimum temperature in the north of the Yangtze River can reach below-10℃, and the minimum value of-18. 1℃ has appeared in Hankou (197765438+1October 30th), and it is mostly between -7℃ and-0 in the south of the Yangtze River. Whenever strong cold air goes south, the temperature often drops above 10℃. In Shanghai, there was a record that the temperature dropped by 25.2℃ in two days. Therefore, although this area is subtropical, the winter temperature is lower than other parts of the world at the same latitude. Due to the low temperature in winter, the subtropical latitude of China is south, and its northern boundary is 4~5 latitudes south of the theoretical boundary. Compared with the Mediterranean region, it is 10~ 1 1 latitude to the south. However, subtropical areas in China, especially central China, are generally hot in summer, with the average temperature in July around 28℃ and some areas exceeding 29℃. High temperature weather above 35℃ often occurs from May to September. July-August is controlled by subtropical high, with many sunny days and long sunshine hours. The frequency of high temperature is the highest, and the absolute high temperature often exceeds 40℃. Jinhua, Zhejiang and Anhua, Hunan have high temperatures above 465 and 438+0℃. The average temperature in April and1October is 16℃~2 1℃, and the temperature in autumn is slightly higher than that in spring.

Be distributed

It is located in the tropical East Asia of Eurasia, in Asia, south of the Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains of Chinese mainland, north-central Taiwan Province Province, kanto region and its southern Honshu, Shikoku Island, Kyushu Island, Ryukyu Islands and the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula.

cause

Located between the largest continent and the largest ocean, the thermal properties of land and ocean are significantly different. In summer, the trough of low pressure in the Eurasian continent is connected together, and the subtropical high in the ocean extends westward and advances northward. The southeast monsoon from the subtropical high in the North Pacific brings abundant precipitation. In winter, the northerly wind from the powerful Mongolian high pressure affects the local area. Because the wind shear meets the requirements of monsoon, it is a monsoon climate.

trait

Summer is hot and rainy: in summer, the sun has a high angle and high temperature, and the southeast monsoon blowing from the hot ocean brings abundant precipitation.

Mild and little rain in winter: the average temperature in Leng Yue is below 18℃ and above 0℃, which is mild in winter, because the local latitude is low, affected by Kuroshio, far away from the source of winter monsoon, and the topographic relief weakens the winter monsoon. However, due to the monsoon crossing the sea in the northern part of Taiwan Province Province and the southern part of the Japanese archipelago, the winter climate is particularly mild and rainy compared with coastal cities of the same latitude.

Monsoon is extraordinary.

Summer and autumn are often affected by tropical cyclones.

Natural belt

It belongs to subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest belt.

The agricultural landscape in this area

The temperature in this area is high, and it crops three times a year.

Cereals, sugar and oilseeds: rice planting, sugarcane planting, peanuts and rape.

Fruits: citrus, loquat, litchi, longan, banana, etc.

Flowers: daffodils, etc

Others: bamboo, tea, etc.

Major cities in this area

China's Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Hefei, Wuhan, Changsha, Chengdu, Chongqing, Xiamen, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Guilin, Hong Kong, Macau, Taipei, Taichung and Keelung; Tokyo, Yokohama, Shizuoka, Nagoya, Kawasaki, Nagano, Wakayama, Kyoto, Osaka, Nara, Kobe, Hiroshima, Shimonoseki, Saitama, Fukuoka, Kitakyushu, Nagasaki, Kagoshima and Naha; Jeju, Busan, Mokpo, Korea. summary

It is distributed on the east coast of the mainland between north latitude 10 and 25. Mainly distributed in Indo-China Peninsula and most parts of Indian Peninsula, with sporadic distribution in southern Taiwan Province Province, southern Guangdong, southwestern Guangxi, Hainan Island, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan and northern Philippine Islands. Climatic characteristics 1, high temperature all the year round, with annual average temperature above 22℃. In Leng Yue, winter is generally above 16℃ for half a year. In Xishuangbanna, Yunnan and southern India, the alpine plateau in the north blocked the invasion of cold air to the south, making the winter temperature in this area relatively high.

2. The annual precipitation is large, which is obvious in dry and wet seasons, and the precipitation is concentrated in summer. In summer, under the control of equatorial ocean air mass, there is more convective rainfall, and tropical cyclones bring a lot of precipitation, resulting in more rainfall in summer than in tropical dry and wet seasons. On some windward coasts, due to the influence of topography, the summer precipitation even exceeds that in the equatorial rainy climate zone. The annual precipitation is generally above 1500 ~ 2000mm. The hot and humid climate, rich water vapor and special terrain in this area have created the world's "rain pole"-Kira Peng Qi. Winter is controlled by the dry northeast monsoon, and precipitation is scarce. A year is divided into two seasons: drought and rain.

3. The northeast monsoon emitted by the land high pressure flows into the equatorial convergence zone on the ocean in the obvious dry season. In the rainy season, the southwest monsoon from the subtropical high in the southern hemisphere flows into the Tal low. 4. Tropical cyclones prevail. Synchronized with the "summer monsoon", tropical cyclones prevail from mid-May to mid-September every year.

The vegetation is tropical monsoon forest, and the prairie (also called "savanna") is in the transition zone to semi-arid climate. A tropical xerophyte with perennial herbs and sparse trees. It is a transitional vegetation type between tropical rain forest and tropical desert. Herbs are tufted grasses with narrow leaves and deep roots; The tree is short and leafy with a flat umbrella crown. Mainly distributed in Africa and South America. ) landscape. A tropical xerophyte with perennial herbs and sparse trees. It is a transitional vegetation type between tropical rain forest and tropical desert. Herbs are tufted grasses with narrow leaves and deep roots; The tree is short and leafy with a flat umbrella crown.

Be distributed

The tropical monsoon climate is located on the east coast of the mainland, with tropical latitude10 to 20, which is unique to Asia. It is distributed in Leizhou Peninsula, Hainan Island, South China Sea, South Taiwan Province Island, Indo-China Peninsula (north of central Malay Peninsula), northern Philippine Islands, South Asia and other regions, that is, the South Asian monsoon region.

Climatic characteristics and causes

1. Annual high temperature

Located in the tropics, the summer is long without winter, and the lowest monthly average temperature in the whole year is higher than 18 degrees Celsius. In the winter half year, the alpine plateau in the north blocked the invasion of cold air to the south, making the temperature in this area relatively high in the winter half year.

It is obvious in dry season and rainy season.

There are four distinct seasons, and the whole year can be divided into dry season, rainy season and hot season. Under the control of the dry northeast monsoon, there is little precipitation in winter. Before the arrival of the southwest monsoon, it is the hottest season in a year, and it is the rainy season controlled by the southwest monsoon blowing from the ocean. The northern part of Hainan Island absorbs water vapor before the arrival of the northeast monsoon, and the climate in winter is warm and humid.

The monsoon is extraordinary.

In the dry season, the northeast monsoon emitted by land high pressure flows into the equatorial convergence zone on the ocean.

In the rainy season, the southwest monsoon from the subtropical high in the southern hemisphere flows into the Tal low and the South Asian monsoon trough.

4. Tropical cyclones prevail. Synchronized with the "summer monsoon", tropical cyclones prevail from mid-May to mid-September every year.

plant

Tropical monsoon forest has a tropical grassland landscape in transition to semi-arid climate.

agriculture

Rice planting industry

jute fibre

rubber

tea

coffee

Major cities in this area

Haikou, Sanya, Zhanjiang, Beihai, Fangchenggang, Xishuangbanna, Kaohsiung and Tainan in China; Manila in the Philippines, Bangkok in Thailand, Yangon and Naypyidaw in Myanmar; Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam; Vientiane in Laos; Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Mumbai, Kolkata, New Delhi and Bangalore in India; Dhaka, Bangladesh