(26 points) Read the graphic materials and answer the following questions. Material 1: simulation road map of China-Pakistan railway and distribution map of precipitation and main cotton in Pakistan,<

(26 points) Read the graphic materials and answer the following questions. Material 1: simulation road map of China-Pakistan railway and distribution map of precipitation and main cotton in Pakistan,

(1) The upstream runoff is large and the downstream runoff is small (2 points). There is more precipitation in the upstream (2 points), and glacier (snow) meltwater in the north supplements the river (2 points); The downstream climate is dry, infiltration and evaporation are serious (2 points), and water intake by human activities (2 points) leads to fewer downstream tributaries and less water.

(2) More precipitation in the north (2 points), large river runoff and sufficient water resources (2 points); Located in the estuary, the alluvial soil is loose and fertile (2 points); Dense population and abundant labor force (2 points).

(3) Improving Kashgar's external traffic conditions will be beneficial to Kashgar's external contact and shorten its seaport; Expanded the economic hinterland of Kashgar; Promote the development of opening to the outside world; Promote the rapid development of Kashgar's foreign trade and economy; Accelerate the urbanization process in Kashgar. (8 points, if other answers are reasonable, extra points can be added as appropriate)

Test analysis:

(1) The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the birthplace of the Indus River, is the windward slope of the summer monsoon, with large precipitation and many glaciers, so the water flow is large; The downstream belongs to continental climate, with less precipitation, large evaporation and irrigation, so there is less water downstream.

(2) Starting from the natural location factors, listen to the analysis of social and economic factors such as water, soil, labor and market. Northern Pakistan is located in the upper reaches of the Indus River and is rich in water resources. According to the contour analysis in the figure, the impact fan located in the mountain pass has a large population and sufficient labor force.

(3) Kashgar, as a special economic zone in western China, is rich in products, but it is far from the sea, which limits the development of foreign trade. After the completion of the China-Pakistan Railway, the distance between Kashgar and the sea has been shortened, which is conducive to the development of foreign trade, the economic development along the railway and the rapid exchange of talents and information.