Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather inquiry - What are the measures to prevent and treat American ginseng root rot?
What are the measures to prevent and treat American ginseng root rot?
Root rot is also one of the main diseases of American ginseng. People often see American ginseng plants that grow normally in ginseng fields and quickly lose water and wilt. When they dig out the ginseng and examine it, they find that almost all of the ginseng roots are rotten, leaving only a section of ginseng root connecting the ginseng stem and a black hollow root bark. Root rot often occurs in patches, causing ginseng seedlings to die in patches and causing serious losses to production.
(1) In the early stage of symptom onset, light brown lesions first appear on the reed heads of ginseng roots, and then spread to the base of the stem, causing the above ground to wither, and then spread downward to the entire root. If the disease starts from below the main root, the root epidermis of the infected part of the root surface will show brown spots, and then brown wet rot will appear, which can quickly develop to the upper part of the root and infiltrate into the internal tissue of the ginseng root, causing the entire ginseng root to rot and turn into black wet rot. Rotten, leaving only the empty shell. In the early stage of infection, there are no obvious symptoms on the ground. In the later stage, the leaves fade and turn yellow, wilting and turning yellow. Especially in the warm and humid weather from July to August, when the soil moisture is high, the disease will occur quickly.
Plants infected in the later stages of growth can survive the winter, but will not be able to emerge in the second year, or will die soon after emergence. There are two differences between root rot and rust rot: ① Rust rot has an obvious raised edge at the junction of healthy and susceptible parts, while root rot does not. ② After root rot is infected, the ginseng roots will soon wet rot, while rust rot only causes dry rot on the surface and will not wet rot (Figure 37).
Figure 37 Symptoms of root rot (2) Cause of disease The pathogenic bacteria are Fusarium and Fusarium that exist in large quantities in the soil. They have well-developed hyphae and clusters of conidiophores, which are colorless and simply branched. , terminal conidia. Fusarium is widely present in various types of soil. It is a root-residing fungus that can cause a variety of plant diseases. It is parasitic and saprophytic and has strong saprophytic ability. Fusarium produces resistant chlamydospores that can survive in the soil for a long time. Root rot mainly occurs in the hot and rainy season from July to August, when the soil moisture is high, and it is easy to spread. The damaged and rotten ginseng roots and the surrounding soil become the center of the spread of the disease. (3) Prevention and control methods ① Apply fully decomposed organic fertilizers, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and use less nitrogen fertilizers. Prevent excessive moisture in the soil of the ginseng bed. ②Soil treatment: Field experiments have proven that soil fumigation has a good effect, but the operation is complicated, the time is not mastered well, or the fumigant is released incompletely, which can cause harm to seeds and ginseng seedlings. In addition, 50% carbendazim wettable powder can be used for soil disinfection at 15 to 20 grams per square meter, which can achieve a certain control effect. ③For disease control during the growth period, immediately remove diseased plants when they are found, and irrigate the soil around the diseased area with lime water, carbendazim and other liquids to suppress the infection of the bacteria to a minimum. Luheng No. 1 mainly has a strong killing effect on soil fungi, especially Fusarium, Pythium, Phytophthora and Rhizoctonia. It can be used before sowing and planting ginseng and during the growth period. 1 gram per square meter Dosage: Dissolve the agent in 3000 grams of water and pour it on 1 meter 2 of soil. Use a rake to mix evenly when making borders. Ji'an Ginseng Research Institute applied it on old ginseng fields. The emergence rate of American ginseng increased by 18% to 20% compared with the control, and the seedling preservation rate increased by 14% to 15%. Jilin Agricultural University and Fusong Ginseng Research Institute have agreed on test results and have obvious effects on preventing and treating American ginseng root rot. Luheng No. 1 is a new high-efficiency, low-toxicity, broad-spectrum systemic soil fungicide. It is a new pesticide worthy of promotion.
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