Cultivation techniques of ginger

Sow in spring and harvest before frost. Because ginger is warm, cold-resistant and frost-resistant, it must be cultivated in a warm and frost-free season. To determine the sowing date of ginger, the following conditions should be considered:

1. According to the temperature required for germination, when the local temperature is stable above 65438 06℃, the seeds should be planted at 65438±00cm;

According to the growth habit of ginger, it takes 135- 150 days for ginger to grow. According to the local climatic conditions, ginger is usually sown in mid-April. Early sowing, low ground temperature, slow germination, late sowing, shortened growth period and reduced yield. You should choose sunny and warm weather for sowing.

Optimal planting of ginger

In the previous year, ginger should be selected from plots with vigorous growth, disease-free and high yield. After harvesting, ginger pieces with rich fat, full buds, uniform size, bright color, no pests and diseases, no decay, no damage and no freezing are selected as ginger seeds for storage. Ginger should germinate before sowing. Bud is the basis of seedling growth, and cultivating strong seedlings is the basis of obtaining high yield. The morphological characteristics of strong buds are that the buds are thick and the top is blunt and round; The morphological characteristics of weak buds are fine buds and sharp buds.

Cultivate strong buds

(1) trapping of dried ginger and ginger

Before sowing 1 month or so, choose sunny days, spread ginger seeds on the outdoor ground to dry 1-2 days, and collect them indoors at night to prevent frost. By drying seeds, the temperature of ginger blocks can be increased, dormancy can be broken, germination can be promoted, moisture in ginger blocks can be reduced, and rot can be prevented. After the seeds are dried in the sun for 1-2 days, put the ginger pieces indoors for 3-4 days, cover the ginger pile with grass lotus, trap the ginger and promote the decomposition of nutrients in the planted ginger. After 2-3 times of repeated dried ginger, germination can be accelerated. Ginger is easy to be damaged by repeated cropping diseases such as ginger blast and anthracnose, so in the process of drying ginger, withered, soft and brown ginger seeds should be strictly removed.

⑵ Promote germination.

There are many methods to accelerate germination, such as fire prevention and greenhouse germination.

Acceleration of germination by heatable adobe sleeping platform: it is to use heatable adobe sleeping platform to accelerate germination in rural areas. First, spread a layer of wheat straw with a thickness of about 10cm on the kang, then spread 2-3 layers of paper on the wheat straw, and lay the ginger on the paper layer by layer, with a thickness of 60-80 cm. After planting ginger, let it dissipate heat, then spread a layer of grass with a thickness of 10 cm, and cover the top layer with a quilt to keep warm. The germination temperature can be adjusted by heating the heatable adobe sleeping platform or uncovering the mulch.

Accelerating germination in greenhouse: first spread 3-5 layers of paper around the basket, put ginger seeds in the basket one by one, pile them up into 3-4 layers, cover them with 3-4 layers of paper, and put the basket in greenhouse to accelerate germination.

No matter which method is used to accelerate germination, the temperature should be controlled between 22-25℃. When the temperature exceeds 28℃, the bud germinates rapidly, but it is slender. When the temperature is lower than 20℃, the bud is strong, but it takes a long time to germinate, which affects sowing. Generally, when the ginger buds grow to 0.5 cm-1 cm, they can be sown in batches according to the size of the ginger buds.

Ginger seed crushing

Before sowing, the germinated ginger is broken into small seed blocks of 75- 100g, and each seed block is left with 1 obese bud. Combined with the broken situation of ginger seeds, carefully select the seed buds again and remove the ginger pieces with black buds or brown ginger segments.

Bottom water

Ginger emerges slowly, and the lack of water in the soil will affect the emergence, so you must water the soles of your feet, and generally do not water them before the emergence.

Unload ginger

After the bottom water seeps out, the ginger seeds can be discharged. There are two methods: flat sowing and vertical sowing. When sowing flat, put the seed blocks horizontally in the ditch to keep the buds in the same direction; When sowing vertically, all seeds and buds are sown upward.

earth up

With sowing, cover the ginger buds and seeds with fine soil, and cover the soil 4 cm -5 cm thick after sowing. Too thick soil cover, low ground temperature and slow germination; If the covering soil is too thin, the topsoil will dry easily, which will affect the emergence of seedlings.

Seed rate

The amount of seeds used per mu is 400 kg -500 kg. The bigger the ginger is planted, the earlier the seedlings emerge, the stronger the seedlings and the higher the yield. Therefore, the seed block should be as large as possible.

density of crop

Generally, there are about 5500 plants per mu. Intertillage weeding

Ginger is a shallow-rooted crop, and its root system is mainly distributed in the surface layer of soil, so it is not suitable for multiple intertillage to avoid root damage. Generally, after emergence, it is combined with watering, intertillage 1-2 times to remove weeds in time. In the vigorous growth period, the plants gradually close the ridges and the occurrence of weeds decreases, so manual weeding can be used. In the production of pollution-free ginger, it is best not to use herbicides to control weeds, but to cover weeds with black plastic film or white plastic film with a thin layer of soil.

water

Ginger is not drought-tolerant and its root system is shallow, so it should be watered reasonably to ensure the normal growth of the plant. Generally do not water before emergence. Although there is not much water needed at seedling stage, the root system has weak absorption capacity, so it is necessary to water it often with small water, and then use shallow tillage to conserve moisture. Frequent watering in summer can reduce the ground temperature, and watering in the morning and evening is better. If there is too much water in the field, it should be drained in time. After autumn, ginger enters the vigorous growth period, and the water demand increases. It is necessary to ensure sufficient water supply and keep the relative humidity of soil at 75%-80%. Water for the last time three days before harvesting, so that ginger pieces can be covered with wet soil during harvesting, which is beneficial to storage.

Topdressing and soil improvement

Ginger is extremely fertilizer-tolerant. In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer, it must be topdressing many times. In the seedling stage, in order to promote the growth and health of seedlings, the "seedling-strengthening fertilizer" should be applied once, and decomposed human excrement 1000 kg or urea 10 kg should be applied per mu of water. Around beginning of autumn, Jiang Miao was in the "Three Branches" period, which was the turning point of growth and fertilizer absorption. The "inflection point fertilizer" should be topdressing, with decomposed organic fertilizer 1 1,000 kg and ternary compound fertilizer 1.5-20 kg per mu. In early September or so, the rhizome of ginger entered a vigorous growth period. In order to promote the expansion of ginger slices and prevent premature aging, a "supplementary fertilizer" was applied, and 30 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer was applied per mu.

The rhizome of ginger grows in the soil, which needs darkness and humidity, and needs cultivation. Generally, after beginning of autumn, weeding and fertilization are combined, and the soil is cultivated for 2-3 times, and the sowing ditch gradually becomes a ridge to prevent the root system from being exposed to the ground. Ginger is not cold-tolerant, and it is usually harvested before the first frost comes in the middle and late June of 10. After harvesting, cut off the aboveground stems from the stem base (leave 2 cm -3 cm stubble) without airing.

choose

Ginger harvesting is different from other vegetables and can be divided into three methods: tender ginger harvesting, old ginger harvesting and planted ginger harvesting:

(1) Picked tender ginger can be supplied to the market as fresh vegetables in advance. Generally speaking, harvesting begins in early August. The freshly picked ginger slices are fresh, tender, slightly spicy, high in water content and not resistant to storage. They are suitable for pickling pickles or making inferior peppers. They are delicious, very popular in the market and have good economic benefits.

(2) The harvesting of old ginger is generally carried out in the middle and late June from 5438+ 10 to 5438+065438+ 10 in June. When the local plants begin to wither and the roots are completely swollen and mature, ginger is harvested. At this time, the harvested ginger slices have high yield, strong spicy taste, storage and transportation resistance, and good quality as seasoning or processed dried ginger slices. However, harvesting must be completed before frost to prevent freezing and rot. Harvest should be carried out in sunny days, the plants should be cut evenly, and then the ginger pieces should be dug to minimize the damage.

(3) The harvesting of planted ginger is generally carried out in the middle and late June when the aboveground plants grow 4-5 leaves. When harvesting, carefully remove the soil from the plant rhizosphere, take out the ginger and cover the roots with soil. If the harvest is too late, the root weight will be damaged and the plant growth will be affected.

Reserve seed

It is best to set aside another seed field to plant ginger slices as seed reserves and apply more potassium fertilizer (plant ash, etc.). ) and less nitrogen fertilizer (urea, etc.). ) growth period. When harvesting, dry for a few days, and reduce the moisture of the seed block for storage. You can also choose ginger pieces with strong plants, rich ginger pieces, no pests and diseases, and no damage in field production, and store them as seeds after drying.