Several problems about water pollution

Without food, we can live for several weeks, but without water, we will dehydrate and die in a few days. More than two thirds of our bodies are water, but most people don't know the importance of drinking water.

Water is the source of life and the foundation of health. Medical research has proved that there is 90% water in the fetal period, 70% water in the adult body, and the water content drops below 60% in old age. Throughout human life, it is a process of losing 30% water, which is what medicine says: "dryness is the main manifestation of aging", and the most basic activity of life-metabolism-is also realized through the exercise of water, various nutrients, protein and fat needed by human body. Viscera is also 700%-80% composed of water.

On a large scale:

Water is an indispensable raw material in industrial production, and water is the carrier and medium in many industrial production. Agricultural production is even more inseparable from water.

The present situation of our country is that the per capita water resources are very low, and it belongs to a country lacking in water resources. However, the distribution of water resources in China is unbalanced. Therefore, saving water and protecting water resources is a very urgent task.

How to protect and save water? Personally, I think we should pay attention to every bit of life and let people turn off the water when washing their hands and use more water, such as flushing the toilet with vegetable washing water.

From the national point of view, we should vigorously publicize the importance of water and vigorously promote water-saving products, such as water-saving faucets and water-saving toilets. It is necessary to increase investment in sewage treatment and strengthen supervision of water pollution.

China is short of water resources, and its per capita possession is only 1/4 of the world average. Moreover, the spatial and temporal distribution is extremely unbalanced, the effective utilization rate of water resources is low, the phenomenon of running, running, dripping and leaking is common, and water resources are seriously wasted. With the rapid development of China's economy and the continuous expansion of urban scale, urban water consumption and sewage volume are increasing, which leads to the increasing shortage of urban water resources and the more prominent contradiction between supply and demand of water resources. Moreover, the water pollution is becoming more and more serious, which limits the supply of fresh water with good water quality. The fresh water source to be developed is far from the centralized water supply point, and the one-time investment cost is high. In this way, some water-deficient areas cannot expand their water supply capacity, which seriously restricts China's economic development.

In order to solve the increasingly prominent contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, on the one hand, we should save and use limited water resources, on the other hand, we should actively promote the technology of sewage recycling and take the road of sustainable development of water resources utilization. Reclaimed water reuse technology is just the technology to meet this goal. It has the characteristics of less investment, quick effect and low operating cost. At the same time, the stable source of urban sewage and sufficient water provide a guarantee for the practice and popularization of this technology. Practice has proved that reclaimed water reuse is an effective water-saving technology. The widespread popularization of this technology has saved valuable water resources, eased the contradiction between supply and demand of urban water resources, lightened the burden of urban drainage system, controlled water pollution and protected the ecological environment, which has important environmental and social benefits and can bring remarkable economic benefits.

The trend of water environment deterioration has not been effectively curbed. The national soil erosion area is 3.67 million square kilometers, accounting for 38% of the national territory. Nearly half of rivers and 90% of urban waters in China are polluted to varying degrees. The deterioration of water environment has destroyed the ecosystem and further aggravated the contradiction of water shortage. With the increase of population, the development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization in China, the situation of water resources in China will be more severe. The water crisis, which is characterized by water shortage, serious water pollution and flood disaster, has become an important restrictive factor for the sustainable development of China, and is a fundamental, overall and strategic issue to achieve the economic and social development goals in the new period.

It is worth noting that water pollution accidents have occurred frequently in China in recent years, especially since last year, large-scale outbreaks of cyanobacteria have occurred in Taihu Lake, Chaohu Lake and Dianchi Lake, and some important drinking water sources have been polluted, which has seriously affected people's production, life and social stability.

In China, 82% people drink shallow wells and rivers, of which 75% are seriously polluted by bacteria, and the drinking water population polluted by organic matter is about 654.38+0.6 billion. For a long time, people have always thought that tap water is safe and hygienic. However, tap water is no longer sanitary because of water pollution. According to a survey, there are as many as 222/kloc-0 chemical pollutants in tap water all over the world, some of which are confirmed as carcinogens or cancer promoters. Judging from the drinking standard of tap water, China is still at a low level. At present, tap water can only be simply treated into drinking water by precipitation, filtration and chlorination. Chlorination of tap water can effectively kill bacteria and produce more halogenated hydrocarbon compounds. The content of these chlorine-containing organic compounds has doubled, which is the largest source of various gastrointestinal cancers in human beings. At present, the composition of urban pollution is very complicated. In addition to heavy metals, polluted water also contains many harmful residues, such as pesticides, fertilizers and detergents. Even if the tap water is boiled, the residue on it will not be driven away. However, the concentration of harmful substances in boiling water increases, which reduces the dissolved oxygen content beneficial to human health and increases carcinogens such as nitrite and chloroform. Therefore, the safety factor of drinking boiled water is not high. According to the latest data, only 23% of the residents in major cities in China have reached the hygienic standard, and the qualified rate of drinking water in small towns and rural areas is even lower. The urgent task of water pollution prevention and control is to ensure that drinking water is qualified. Therefore, water pollution monitoring should be strengthened and water supply source protection areas should be established.

-written in World Environment Day on 6.5.

1972 From June 5th to June 6th, 16, the United Nations held a conference on human environment in Stockholm, Sweden. This is the first conference in human history to study and protect the human environment in the world. This meeting put forward a global environmental slogan: there is only one earth! The meeting formed and published the famous Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (hereinafter referred to as the Declaration on the Human Environment) and the Action Plan with the suggestion of 109 to protect the global environment, calling on all governments and people in Qi Xin to work together to safeguard and improve the human environment for the benefit of all people and future generations. Since 1972, June 5th every year has been called "World Environment Day".

In 2003, the theme of World Environment Day was "Water-the life of 2 billion people". This theme aims to call on everyone to take action to protect the most precious biological resource on earth-water. According to the latest report (World Water Resources Development Report) 180 released by the United Nations before the third water resources forum on March 6 this year, China ranks 128 based on the statistics of per capita annual water consumption of nearly 2,260 cubic meters. According to normal needs, the total annual water shortage in China is about 30-40 billion cubic meters without over-exploitation of groundwater. The drought-affected area of farmland is 7-20 million hectares per year. Of the 669 cities in China, 400 are short of water, and 1 10 is seriously short of water. At the same time, water pollution makes the shortage of water resources more prominent. The surface water that can't be drunk due to pollution accounts for 40% of the monitored water bodies, and 78% of the river sections flowing through the city lose the value of drinking water sources. Even in southern cities, the water shortage caused by pollution accounts for more than 60% of the total water shortage in these cities. It is of great significance for rational utilization of water resources and effective protection of water environment.

Faced with such a severe situation, it is urgent to cherish, save and protect water resources. In China, it is necessary to take the complete management system, operation mechanism and legal system as the guarantee, promote the joint participation of the government, water users and the public, take legal, administrative, economic, technical and engineering measures, and combine the adjustment of social and economic structure to realize the efficient and reasonable production and consumption of water resources in the whole society and maintain the sustainable development of regional economy and society; In the water resources management department, according to the requirements of relevant laws and regulations, establish a total pollutant emission control system based on the standards of water functional zones, and reduce the original pollution sources by the same amount; Actively promote cleaner production; Accelerate the construction of domestic pollution control facilities, carry out their duties, unite and cooperate to jointly protect and manage water resources; In terms of water users, it is necessary to implement cleaner production as soon as possible, ensure the implementation of "three simultaneities", discharge wastewater according to law and up to standard, actively explore and apply new technologies, new processes and new equipment to reduce wastewater discharge; As citizens, we should put the consciousness of saving and protecting water resources throughout our life and production process, starting from bit by bit, starting from ourselves, and saving and protecting limited water resources with practical actions.

May we become active actors in promoting sustainable development and fair development through the theme of "World Environment Day" this year, so that our motherland can have a safe and prosperous future.

In the final analysis, human protection of the environment is based on the protection of the increasingly depleted resources on the earth, and the protection of water resources is the most basic condition for human survival and development. Below, the author talks about some superficial understanding on how to protect water resources in modern production and life.

First of all, we should establish the consciousness of cherishing water and carry out water resources warning education. For a long time, most people generally think that water is an inexhaustible "cornucopia", which is wasted in use. I wonder if I consciously cherish it. In fact, the water resources on the earth are not inexhaustible. Especially in China, the per capita water resources are not rich, the regional distribution is uneven, and the year is unpredictable, with great inter-annual differences. Coupled with serious pollution, water resources are even more scarce, which is vividly reflected in the repeated water cuts of the Yellow River. National water resources utilization projects such as "Yellow River Diversion Project" and "South-to-North Water Transfer Project" are aimed at solving the water shortage problem in some areas, but we should think deeply: Where can we "divert water from the Yellow River" when the water in the Yellow River is exhausted? The water in the south is polluted. How to "transfer water to the north"? Therefore, people must establish the consciousness of water crisis, take saving water resources as our conscious code of conduct, and carry out water resources warning education in various forms.

Secondly, we must develop water resources rationally to avoid the destruction of water resources. Water resources development includes surface water resources development and groundwater resources development. Water resources are used by the state. Therefore, the development of production and domestic water must comply with the relevant provisions of the Water Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and make overall plans. When exploiting groundwater, because the water quality of each aquifer is quite different, it should be exploited by layers; Contaminated diving and confined water shall not be mixed; For exploration projects that expose and penetrate the water layer, layered water sealing and hole sealing must be carried out in strict accordance with relevant regulations to effectively prevent water pollution and ensure the sustainable development of water bodies.

Modern water conservancy projects, such as flood control, power generation, shipping, irrigation, aquaculture water supply, etc. , while exerting one or more economic benefits, it will have a certain negative impact on the natural environment and social environment of the project location, upstream and downstream, estuary and even the whole basin, and may also cause water resources destruction in a certain range. Therefore, since 1970s, many countries have carried out environmental assessment on water conservancy projects. In China, environmental assessment is needed in the feasibility study stage of water conservancy projects. Large and medium-sized projects should prepare environmental impact reports, and small and medium-sized projects with little impact on the environment should prepare environmental impact assessment tables. In addition, the destruction of water resources by some mining industries can not be ignored. For example, coal mining discharges 0.88 cubic meters of water for every ton of coal mined. According to the annual coal mining of 300 million tons in our province, the loss of groundwater resources is as high as 250 million cubic meters, which has caused great damage to the geological structure of groundwater. For another example, unrestricted deforestation will cause serious damage to vegetation, and it will also have a certain impact on soil and water conservation and surface burial of water resources.

Third, improve the utilization rate of water resources and reduce water waste. The key to effective water saving is to reuse water resources by using "reclaimed water". If reclaimed water can be used in the whole society, it will not only bring considerable economic and environmental benefits, but also form a good atmosphere for cherishing water resources in society. At present, many large and medium-sized enterprises have developed and utilized reclaimed water. For example, all mines in Huozhou Coal and Electricity Group use reclaimed water to sprinkle water underground and flush toilets on the ground, which has achieved good economic and social benefits. In addition, the effective utilization of water resources is regulated by economic leverage. Because water control is not in place, many places have flowing water, and some places will "hold bowls and pray". Therefore, it is necessary to install an effective water metering device and implement the principle of using more water and charging more, so as to achieve the purpose of saving water. Urban water quota management is an internationally accepted method. On the premise of scientific verification of water consumption, adhere to the principle of classified treatment. Different water prices shall be imposed on citizens' domestic water, industrial and commercial enterprises' water and government institutions' water, and the excess shall be appropriately raised to cultivate citizens' habit of saving water.

While saving water resources, we should avoid ineffective waste. In winter in the north, water pipes are prone to frost crack and serious water leakage, so special attention should be paid to prevention and inspection; With the development of social economy and the acceleration of urbanization, in order to alleviate the shortage of water resources, in addition to vigorously saving and protecting water resources, inter-basin water transfer has become an inevitable choice for cities in northern China, which will inevitably bring about changes in the relationship between supply and demand of water resources, so water rights trading must be implemented; Since China implemented the "welfare water" system, water has not been treated as an economic commodity. Therefore, in the preparation of water resources, the market mechanism is usually replaced by the control method. At present, we should change our ideas, recognize the natural and commodity attributes of water resources, follow the laws of nature and value, truly treat water as a commodity, rationally allocate water resources by using market mechanisms, and reduce resource waste.

Fourth, carry out water pollution prevention and control to realize comprehensive utilization of water resources. Water pollution includes surface water pollution and groundwater pollution. Industrial wastewater, industrial garbage, industrial waste gas, domestic sewage and domestic garbage produced in the production process can all cause water pollution through different infiltration methods. For a long time, environmental incidents caused by direct discharge of industrial production sewage are common, which have brought extremely bad effects on human production and life. Therefore, effective prevention and control of production and domestic sewage should be carried out. Cities can adopt centralized sewage treatment; Industrial enterprises must implement the "three simultaneities" system of environmental protection; According to the different properties of production sewage, corresponding sewage treatment measures are taken. In short, we must resolutely implement the supervision and management system for water pollution prevention and control, adhere to the principle that whoever pollutes will control it, strictly implement the one-vote veto system for environmental protection, promote the sewage treatment work of enterprises, and finally realize the comprehensive utilization of water resources.

Water is the material basis for the existence of life on earth, and water resources are the primary condition for maintaining the sustainable development of the earth's ecological environment. Therefore, protecting water resources is the greatest and most sacred duty of mankind.

The vicissitudes of the old man, facing the turbid and smelly Sushui River, was both sad and angry. As a tributary of Fenhe River, Sushui River was originally very clear. Without it, there would be no prosperity of Yuncheng in Shanxi today. But now, the Sushui River is shameful-the silent old man is not only carrying a gourd ladle of sewage, but also calling for help from the Sushui River.

Naive children pointed to the sewage secretly discharged in the culvert and told adults that because of it, well water can't be drunk, and washing your hair will lose your hair. The child is bald. Not the green leaves that are about to drip, not the fruitful fruits, but thousands of colorful plastic bags fluttering in the wind. It seems so smug that what makes them proud is human misdeeds.

A pool of hard fish, a stream of sewage poured in, leaving only a sigh from the keeper and a pool of dead fish.

Smoky factories, villages buried in dust, creatures in the sky and underground transferred by human beings ... "Song of Life-Large-scale Photography Exhibition of Environmental Warning Education in China" opened today in China Revolutionary Military Museum. As the spokesman of the riddled nature, more than 65,438+000 shocking photos are shouting at human beings.

The photo exhibition is a panoramic review of China Environmental Protection Century Tour 10 years later. Most of the photos are from the works of journalists from China Environmental Protection Century Bank in recent years. In the past 3650 days and nights, hundreds of journalists have gone through hardships. With their professional sensitivity and strong sense of responsibility, they faithfully recorded the history of ecological environment changes in China with their own lenses and pens.

A touching photo warns that the earth, the home of human beings, has been destroyed by human beings themselves. Wake up! Those stubborn saboteurs

The exhibition is divided into Huaihe River Shouting, Yellow River Ballad, Yangtze River Chanting, Green Variations, Andante Blue, Golden Ensemble, Hope and so on.

Walking towards the mother river, I saw the pond cracked and the land dried up: the water used along the Yellow River has exceeded the carrying capacity of the Yellow River, and the water shortage is serious. From 1972 to 1998, the lower reaches of the Yellow River stopped at 2 1, and the siltation in the main channel intensified. The "hanging river on the ground" in the lower reaches of the Yellow River is becoming more and more dangerous.

Walking towards the mother river, I saw black water surging into the main artery of the mother river. In recent years, the polluting enterprises in the Yellow River basin have developed rapidly during the Tenth Five-Year Plan, and the amount of sewage discharged into the main and tributaries of the Yellow River reaches 4.2 billion cubic meters every year. Sewage is getting more and more serious, and only sewage is flowing in many river sections.

The Yangtze River is also a sad song. An endless yellow sand is crying: the green at the source of the Yangtze River is shrinking. According to statistics, grassland degradation in the source area of the Yangtze River has reached more than 25,000 square kilometers. Due to the influence of rodents, 10% has become a secondary bare land of "black soil beach" type. Human activities have also aggravated the degradation of grassland. According to satellite remote sensing, the grassland area in Qinghai Province is deteriorating at a rate of 2 million mu per year, while the grassland carrying capacity in Qinghai Province is increasing at a rate of 3% per year.

Many tourists are stunned by this photo: the heads of countless Tibetan antelopes are piled together!

Tibetan antelope, known as the "plateau elf", lives on the "roof of the world"-no man's land in Hoh Xil, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and is a national first-class protected animal. Fifty years ago, there were nearly a million Tibetan antelopes living in Hoh Xil. When people discovered its amazing economic value (in the international market, the price of a cashmere shawl of a Tibetan antelope was 1. 1 000 dollars, and the highest price could even reach 40,000 dollars), for decades, the Tibetan antelope was on the verge of extinction, and now there are only 50,000 left. It is said that during the most rampant poaching period from 1990 to 1998, 20,000 Tibetan antelopes fell at the gunpoint of poachers every year. For the high profits of cashmere shawls, poachers are still desperate.

On Tianbao Mountain in Diqing, Yunnan, there is a large cut-down mountain area. Waist-high, black stumps stand quietly on the green grass like tombstones.

There used to be a well-preserved virgin forest here. Although large-scale logging stopped at the end of last century, after more than 20 years of unscrupulous logging, how many virgin forests have been destroyed by Diqing, who can tell?

Seven major water systems, namely Haihe River, Liaohe River, Huaihe River, Yellow River, Songhua River, Yangtze River and Pearl River, are all polluted to varying degrees.

One third of the cities in China have air quality exceeding Grade III standard. Acid rain and sandstorms linger around us.

The situation along the coast of Wan Li is also not optimistic, with red tides coming as scheduled every year. In the beautiful Bohai Bay, turbid water splashes, and the oil floating on the sea burns life in the ocean like a black torch.

Ecological destruction is becoming more and more serious, land degradation, soil erosion, lake shrinkage and sharp decline in biodiversity, and the ecological environment is already very fragile.

Qu, who is close to ancient times, is one of the earliest environmental advocates in China. The old man stopped to look at every photo. He said emotionally: "There is still a long way to go to protect the ecological environment in China, and the public should act quickly!

Water-the source of life for 2 billion people; Water-the hope of all things in the world; Water-the most desirable goal of mankind. However, this precious and sacred water of life has destroyed everything because of human selfishness and greed.

Slowly, slowly, more and more countries, provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions are short of water in the world. At present, 335 million people in the world do not have enough water. With the gradual development of science and the gradual increase of high-rise buildings, the problem of water shortage is becoming more and more serious. With the destruction of mankind, the original blue "crystal ball" is no longer Ming Che, no longer blue, and will soon dry up.

Although 7 1% of the earth's surface is covered with water, in fact, fresh water resources only account for about 2% of the earth's total water, while the total amount of fresh water available to human beings only accounts for three tenths of the earth's total water and 0.34% of the total fresh water reserves. It can be seen that there is not as much water available on the earth as humans think. If it is allowed to continue to be destroyed by human beings, it will disappear sooner or later. Therefore, we should protect water resources and do our part to protect water resources.

Although I am still a pupil of 12 years old, I want to use my sacred pen to appeal to everyone to protect water resources.

Self-report of water

I am water, pure, beautiful, elegant and noble water, I come from snow, I come from mountains, slowly, slowly, through mountains, across plains and into the sea.

I am water, crystal snow, my predecessor, sweet rain, my brother, bitter tears and my sister. My footprints are all over the earth, and my arms caress every corner.

Life can be so perfect because of me; Everything in the world is so perfect because of me. I am not only a "nutrient" for fertile fields, but also a "growth agent" for crops, and it is also a necessity for human beings. I need to wash rice and vegetables, wash clothes and irrigate. People drink me when they are thirsty, wash me when they are dirty, and use me when they are anxious, but it is me who keeps destroying.

I have brought happiness to mankind, but why should humans do this to me? I feed the earth silently and selflessly. I am gurgling at the waist of the mountain, running happily in the middle of the grassland and surging in the arms of the sea. I am kind and loyal. I give everything to mankind. In the face of human indifference, I can't help but be furious. It is the people who can dominate everything and destroy the ecological environment. It is also the two major problems faced by human beings in China today: one is the problem of resources, and the other is the problem of environment. In terms of resources, China's per capita water resources are half that of the world. In environmental problems, my pollution level is self-evident. If I am "invaded", it will affect the growth of aquatic organisms and domestic crops, increase the spread of diseases and endanger human health. Therefore, protecting the environment is a top priority, and implementing the strategy of sustainable development is an inevitable shortcut to accelerate socialist modernization. There is only one home for mankind. Please cherish this unique cradle.

Therefore, I hope to be cherished and protected by human beings. Please stop and leave me alone!

Where are the green mountains and green waters now?

The past is still easy to emerge from time to time.

The water in my hometown in my memory is so beautiful! Flat as a picture, caring for the green mountains, so the green mountains and green waters; Some will become streams, which can be seen everywhere. That's the water in my hometown.

When you reach out and touch it, it slips through your fingers, soft and cool. When I first went there, I went there every day to wash my face with that water. It was a hot summer, so my father and I swam in it. "Boom!" Jumping into the water, I immediately washed away all the fatigue and felt cool, as if I were in a paradise on earth.

Once again, five years later, my parents and I came here again. As soon as I got to the river, I was stunned by what I saw. I can't believe this is my unforgettable hometown water.

There is also the famous Xiangjiang River in Hunan.

According to my parents, Xiangjiang River used to be especially Ming Che, and many people came to swim in hot summer. People affectionately call it a "green river".

Now, however, the ancient Xiangjiang River has been swallowed up, and the river is covered with plastic, medicine bottles and white pollution ... giving off a disgusting smell. The Xiangjiang River, known as the "Green River", has become a "stagnant river".

I suddenly understand that people nowadays blindly pursue development and ignore the importance of protecting the environment and water resources.

The whole river echoed with a sigh: "people ruined my body!" " "

Alas! Where are the green mountains and green waters now?

If we lose water, ...

People! People!

If you lose water, what will you drink? Why irrigate every inch of land and moisten every grass? If there is no such beautiful water, how can there be Su Shi's eternal quatrain "water is clear and clear"? If there is no water, where will everything be?

When we face such water, will you still praise its beauty and sigh its vitality? Isn't it enough to face the facts, sound the alarm of the flood and wake people up?

As the saying goes: "You don't know how to cherish until you lose it!"

Man, do you really want to turn the last drop of water into tears of human heartbreak, regret and consciousness? Please don't lose it, and you will know its preciousness. I'm afraid it's no use regretting then.

Please cherish every drop of water! Don't spoil it again. Think of it as a reward for water supply!