Where did the ancient Jiang Zuo refer to?

Jiangzuo refers to the area east of the Yangtze River, namely Jiangdong. The banks of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River can be called Jiangzuo. Jiangdong, that is, the east of the Yangtze River, refers to areas of different sizes, which can refer to Nanjing or the south bank of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River below Wuhu in Anhui, that is, parts of southern Jiangsu, central Zhejiang and southern Anhui are called Jiangdong.

The Yangtze River runs from southwest to northeast, from Jiujiang to Nanjing (Wanjiang). In ancient times, the main ferry crossing from the Central Plains to the south was Liang Wudi, so the area east of the Yangtze River was called "Jiangdong". Jiangdong was famous for its cultural prosperity and economic prosperity during the Three Kingdoms and Jin Dynasties, and was gradually replaced by the concept of Jiangnan after the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Jiangnan East Road was referred to as Jiangdong for short, and its capital was in jiangning house (now Nanjing), which governed the south of the Yangtze River in Anhui Province, the south of Jiangsu Province and a small part of Jiangxi Province.

In ancient times, the Central Plains was the center and Jiangnan was the outer surface, so Jiangnan was called the "river surface". Because it is located in the north-south direction of the Yangtze River, it is also called "Jiangdong" in the southeast. The ancients were geographically located to the west of Zuo Dong. In the Southern Jin Dynasty, they usually called Jiangdong "Jiangzuo". During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, Jiangnan was located in Jiangdong area, so it began to call Jiangdong "Jiangnan". After that, words such as Jiangdong and Jiangzuo gradually ceased to be used by people and were replaced by a wider range of Jiangnan.

After the Western Jin Dynasty moved its capital to Nanjing, it was called the Eastern Jin Dynasty in history. Jiang Zuo here refers to the south bank of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and also refers to all areas ruled by the Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen Dynasties.

The Jin Dynasty (Western Jin Dynasty), with its capital in Luoyang, perished due to the rebellion of northern nomads. With the support of ministers, Si Marui, the king of Langya, ascended the throne in Jiankang (now Nanjing), namely Di Chin, which was called the Eastern Jin Dynasty in history. The Eastern Jin Dynasty, before Sun Wu, followed by Song, Qi, Liang and Chen, were collectively referred to as the Six Dynasties. In addition, the history books also imitate the Eastern Han Dynasty, calling the Eastern Jin Dynasty the Middle Jin Dynasty, implying the revival of the Jin Dynasty. In addition, most of the areas ruled by the Eastern Jin Dynasty were in Jiangdong, which was called Jiangzuo in ancient times, so Jiangzuo was referred to as the Eastern Jin Dynasty for short.

The early appearance of Jiangnan refers to the whole of Hunan and part of southern Hubei. Qian Daxin thinks that "Jiangdong" in the cloud "Jiangdong is small, but my elders in Jiangdong pity me" in Biography of Xiang Yu is a part of Jiangnan now. Wang Mang once changed Yidu County to Jiangnan County, which is the Yidu area in Hubei today. "The Biography of Liu Biao in the Later Han Dynasty" records that "Jiangnan thieves flourished ... only Jiangxia thieves Zhang Zhuang and Chen Zuo supported troops according to Xiangyang City, indicating that Yue and Pang Ji were better than each other. Jiangnan Xiping. " Until the Sui Dynasty, the Central Plains was still the center of geographical coordinates, and Jiangnan often referred to the area south of the Yangtze River in Hunan and Hubei.

Jiangnan Road was established in the first year of Zhenguan of Emperor Taizong, and its scope was completely south of the Yangtze River. Later, in the 21st year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, it was divided into East Jiangnan Road, West Jiangnan Road and Middle Guizhou Road, which became the beginning of defining the meaning of modern Jiangnan, and later Jiangnan became the proper name of Jiangdong area. The evolution of administrative divisions named after "Jiangnan" in history;

After the Tang Dynasty, the term Jiangnan included the vast areas along the Yangtze River and Jiangnan, including Jingzhou (southeastern Hubei and Hunan) and Yangzhou (Jiangxi, southern Anhui, Fujian, southern Jiangsu, Shanghai and Zhejiang, not Yangzhou today).

Jiangnan West Road (southeastern Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi, southern Anhui) and Jiangnan East Road (Fujian, southern Jiangsu, Shanghai and Zhejiang) were established in the Tang Dynasty.

Jiangnan West Road (most of Jiangxi, southeastern Hubei) and Jiangnan East Road (northeastern Jiangxi, southern Anhui and Nanjing) were established in the Song Dynasty.

1645, the Qing court established jiangnan province here, 1667, which was divided into Jiangsu Province and Anhui Province. But jiangnan province includes not only parts of the south of the Yangtze River, but also large areas north of the Yangtze River (Huaibei and Subei).

Jiangnan Road was established in the first year of Zhenguan of Emperor Taizong (627), covering the whole middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, as well as Guizhou and Fujian. In the 21st year of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (733), Jiangnan Road was subdivided into Jiangnan East Road, Jiangnan West Road and Guizhou Middle Road. Jiangnan was divided into eastern Jiangnan and western Jiangnan in ancient times. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, Jiangnan West Road and Jiangnan West Road were set up, covering Jiangxi, Hunan and southern Hubei in the west of Jiangnan. Later, Jiangnan West Road evolved into today's Jiangxi Province; Jiangdong area is centered on Suzhou, mainly including parts of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui. In the Qing Dynasty, the Governor's Office of Two Rivers was established, which governed Jiangsu Province (including Shanghai), Anhui Province and Jiangxi Province. The two rivers included jiangnan province (now Jiangsu, Anhui and Shanghai) and Jiangxi Province.

The definition of modern Jiangnan can be divided into Jiangnan and Jiangnan.

Great Jiangnan refers to the whole area south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, namely southern Jiangsu, Zhejiang, southern Anhui, southwestern Jiangxi, southern Hunan and southern Hubei. Some areas in Fujian are sometimes called Jiangnan. The definition of "Great Jiangnan" begins with the ancient division (Jiangnan Road) and is often described in literary works. For example, Du Fu's Random Encounter Li Guinian was written in Changsha. The Jiangnan referred to in the weather forecast is roughly the Jiangnan zone in a broad sense. Three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River (Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan, Yueyang Tower in Yueyang and Wangtengting Pavilion in Nanchang) are all located in the south of the Yangtze River.

Xiaojiangnan generally refers to southern Jiangsu, northern Zhejiang and parts of southern Anhui. This concept probably began in the Eastern Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, took shape in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and then changed. The core area of Xiaojiangnan is the southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang areas of Taihu Lake basin, including the traditional six southern provinces, namely Suzhou, Changzhou, Songjiang, Jiaxing, Huzhou and Hangzhou.

However, it is not the Yangtze River basin, and it is considered to be some areas south of Taihu Lake or even south of Qiantang River, such as Shaoxing and Ningbo. Some areas north of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, such as Yangzhou, are located in the north of the Yangtze River, but their economy and culture are similar to those of Jiangnan, and sometimes they are regarded as a part of Jiangnan in the cultural sense.

Literally, Jiangnan geographically refers to the south of the Yangtze River, that is, the whole middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. This probably includes three major components: Dongting Lake water system, Poyang Lake water system and Taihu Lake water system.

Meteorologically, Meiyu is the characteristic climate of Jiangnan. In addition to the most distinctive plum rain, spring rain, summer drought, rainy weather and winter cold are the main climate characteristics in Jiangnan area. This range includes not only the south of the Yangtze River and the north of Nanling, but also a large area in Jiangbei from the north of the Yangtze River to the south of Huaihe River. There are many ancient poems describing these climatic characteristics, such as "it rains in the Qingming period, and pedestrians on the road want to break their souls".

In terms of geographical concept, there is also the saying of "the hills in the south of the Yangtze River". The hills south of the Yangtze River, north of Nanling Mountain, Wuyi Mountain, west of Tianmu Mountain and east of Guizhou Plateau are the general names of low mountains and hills. Generally located in central and eastern Hunan, most of Jiangxi, southern Anhui and western Zhejiang.