Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather inquiry - How to understand that airborne weather radar is used to avoid thunderstorm areas rather than passing through thunderstorm areas

How to understand that airborne weather radar is used to avoid thunderstorm areas rather than passing through thunderstorm areas

Principles and common fault analysis of airborne weather radar

Paper abstract: There are many types of radars with different uses. The basic function of airborne weather radar is to detect severe weather areas such as thunderstorms, hail, turbulence, and wind shear on the route. The safety of airborne weather radar (WXR) directly affects the safety of the entire aircraft system and flight. Airborne weather radar is an important part of the airborne navigation system and an important navigation equipment on civil aviation aircraft. Weather radar malfunctions can easily cause accidents such as aircraft sliding back, returning or even crashing, so maintenance of WXR must be strengthened. This paper systematically summarizes the basic working principles of airborne weather radar (WXR-700) to comprehensively understand the relevant knowledge of airborne weather radar, and summarizes and analyzes common faults.

Paper keywords: Airborne weather radar, WXR-700, fault analysis

0 Overview of airborne weather radar

Airborne weather radar is a precautionary measure Meteorological risks, avionics equipment developed by applying modern scientific and technological achievements to ensure flight safety. Airborne weather radar plays a very important role in ensuring flight safety. People have spared no effort to improve and update the equipment, so that the performance of weather radar has been substantially improved in the past 20 years.

In addition to detecting thunderstorms and other meteorological areas, the latest weather radar currently equipped with aircraft has achieved effective detection of wind shear and turbulence, further improving flight safety under various meteorological conditions. It is precisely by relying on a series of advanced avionics equipment such as airborne weather radar with superior performance that pilots can "see thousands of miles and hear in all directions", fly the aircraft around various dangerous weather areas, and fly safely, accurately and comfortably Passengers and cargo are delivered to their destination.

Different models of weather radars may contain different components, and their configurations on various types of aircraft also include single systems, dual systems, etc. The basic components of weather radar are radar transceiver (Transceiver; abbreviation: XCVR), control box (Controller; abbreviation: CONT), antenna drive mechanism (ANTENNADRIVE), bracket, antenna (ANTENNA), waveguide (WAVEGUIDE) and display (IND) and other components.

1 Basic working principle of airborne weather radar

1.1 Weather radar equation

The above equation concentratedly shows the maximum range of weather radar and the technology of radar system The relationship between characteristics and target properties has practical guiding significance for radar use and maintenance personnel.

1.2 Basic working principle of weather radar

Airborne weather radar is mainly used to detect severe weather areas on routes. Thunderstorm areas, heavy rain areas, hail, turbulence, wind shear and other severe meteorological areas in the air are the targets to be detected by airborne weather radar. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic working principle of weather radar.

Radar detects targets and determines their position based on the following basic laws of radio wave propagation:

(1) Radio waves can radiate and receive in a directional manner;

(2) Radio waves are reflected when encountering obstacles and produce echoes;

(3) Radio waves propagate in a straight line in space at the speed of light (actually, the propagation speed of radio waves in a vacuum is equal to the speed of light, in The propagation speed in the air is slightly less than the speed of light, but is usually regarded as approximately the speed of light);

(4) The transmitter generates electromagnetic wave signals (such as sine wave short pulses), which are radiated into the air by the antenna;

(5) Part of the emitted signal is intercepted by the target and re-radiated in many directions;

(6) The signal radiated backward and then returned to the radar is collected by the radar antenna and sent to the receiver;

(7) In the receiver, the signal is processed to detect the presence of the target and determine its position;

(8) By measuring the radar signal to the target and back from the target to the radar time to obtain the distance of the target;

(9) The angular position of the target can be obtained according to the direction pointed by the narrow-beam radar antenna when the amplitude of the received echo signal is maximum;

(10) If the target is moving, the frequency of the echo signal will shift due to the Doppler effect. This frequency shift is proportional to the target's speed relative to the radar (radial velocity).

1.3 Principle of WXR-700 airborne weather radar

Airborne weather radar is mainly used to detect severe weather areas on routes. Thunderstorm areas, heavy rain areas, hail, turbulence, wind shear and other severe weather areas in the air are the targets that airborne weather radars want to detect.

The WXR-700 airborne weather radar is a typical modern airborne color weather radar developed by American Rockwell International and Collins Transportation Avionics.

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