I want to know all about primary school science.

Collection of scientific concepts in primary school science textbooks

The first volume of grade three

1. unit unit

We observe the world around us with our senses.

There are many different kinds of plants on the earth. They generally have roots, stems and leaves, which can blossom, bear fruit and produce seeds.

Plants have the most basic survival needs: water, sunshine, air and nutrition. Every plant has specific survival needs, such as a specific environment, a certain amount of sunshine and water.

Plants will go through the process of growth, development and death, and will reproduce.

Plants have one thing in common: growing in a certain environment, they all need water, sunshine, nutrition and a certain space, they all grow and develop, they all reproduce and they all have life cycles.

Life has some basic structures: material composition, metabolism, adaptation and influence on the environment, growth and reproduction.

1- 1 "What do I see"

Trees are living plants, which grow in a certain environment and are living objects.

1-2 campus tree

The overall shape of a tree is generally composed of crown, stem and root, and the organs of a tree generally include six parts: root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit and seed.

Trees grow in a certain environment and have certain survival needs.

1-3 trees and grassland

Grass, like trees, has the same characteristics as life.

The main difference between trees and grass lies in the height of plants, the thickness and texture of stems.

Trees and grass grow in the soil, have green leaves, blossom and bear fruit, and need water, sunshine and air.

1-4 observation of aquatic plants

The swollen sponge in the petiole of water hyacinth is full of air, which is why it floats on the water.

Aquatic plants have roots, stems, leaves and other organs, and their growth needs water, sunlight and air.

1-5 leaf plants

The leaves of a tree are various, and the leaves of the same tree have the same basic characteristics.

The leaves of plants are generally composed of leaves and petioles, and there are veins on the leaves.

Leaves are also alive. Leaves begin to grow from leaf buds, and finally age and die, completing a lifetime.

1-6 "What's wrong with plants"

Plants are constantly changing, some changes are obvious, some changes are not obvious.

The changes of plants are manifested in various aspects, mainly in germination, growth, flowering and fruiting. ? The change of plants is one of the characteristics of life.

1-7 "plant similarity"

Plants can be divided into terrestrial plants and aquatic plants according to different living environments.

Plants need water, sunlight, air and nutrition to survive.

A plant has a life cycle, and each plant has a certain life span.

The same characteristics of plants are: growing in a certain environment, they all need water, sunlight, air and nutrition, they all grow and reproduce, and they all have life processes from birth to death.

2. Unit "Animals"

Core concept:

Life has some basic characteristics-all of them are composed of substances, all have metabolic activities, and can adapt to and influence the environment, respond to external stimuli, and grow and reproduce.

Specific concepts:

There are many different kinds of animals on the earth. Together with plants, they form a colorful life world.

Animals are diverse, their survival depends on the environment, and different animals grow in different environments.

Animals have the most basic survival needs: food, space and pressure.

Animals will go through the process of birth, growth and death, and will reproduce.

Animals have something in common: they grow and exercise in a certain environment, need food to sustain their lives, excrete waste, respond to external stimuli, grow and reproduce.

Life has some basic characteristics-it is all composed of substances, has metabolic activities, can adapt to and influence the environment, responds to external stimuli, and grows and reproduces.

2- 1 looking for small animals

Animals are diverse, their survival depends on the environment, and different animals grow in different environments.

2-2 Snails (1)

The characteristics of snails are reflected in its movements, body structure and many other aspects.

Snails can respond to external stimuli, such as stretching their tentacles and shrinking their bodies into their shells to avoid danger.

Snails can crawl on various objects with their ventral feet, which make fine wave-like movements and leave traces of mucus when crawling.

2-3 Snails (2)

Snails have some habits related to life activities: exercise and dormancy, breathing, eating and excreting. 2-4 earthworms

Earthworms have a body structure that adapts to the environment.

Earthworms can respond to external stimuli, such as external stimuli and water. 2-5 "ants"

Ants have their own living habits and adapt to life on land.

The ant's body is divided into three parts: head, chest and abdomen. There are tentacles in the head and six feet in the chest.

2-6 goldfish

Fish has a structure that adapts to the aquatic environment and has the basic characteristics of life.

Goldfish swim with fins and breathe with gills.

Goldfish and ants have the same life characteristics.

2-7 Similarity and characteristics of animals

Animals have different individual forms and different living environments, but they all have the same characteristics: they live in a certain environment, can exercise, need food to maintain their lives, excrete waste, respond to external stimuli, grow and reproduce.

3. Unit "Materials around us"

Objects are made of one or more materials, and there are many different kinds of materials around us. ? An object can be described according to the properties of the materials that make it up, and a group of objects or materials can be distinguished according to these properties.

Physical properties can be used to describe materials, such as hardness, elasticity, water absorption and lifting ability in water. These characteristics can be observed and measured.

Different materials have different properties, and the properties of materials determine the use of materials.

Some materials can be reused, and some waste materials can be used to make new products, but the degree of reuse of various materials is different.

Through science and technology, all kinds of materials in nature can be utilized, materials can change in production, and materials can change their properties after processing.

The processing and use of materials are closely related to the environment, so we need to choose consumption.

3- 1 Observe the materials around us

Objects are made of one or more materials, and there are many different kinds of materials around us.

Common materials around us are wood, paper, metal, plastic, glass, fiber and so on.

3-2 Who is more difficult?

Physical properties can be used to describe materials, such as hardness,

Flexibility, water absorption and fluctuation in water.

The harder the material is, the more it can prevent other objects from damaging its surface.

3-3 Relative flexibility

Physical properties can be used to describe materials, such as hardness, elasticity, water absorption and fluctuation in water.

Flexibility refers to the property that an object is not easy to break after being deformed by force.

3-4 Do they absorb water?

Physical properties can be used to describe materials, such as hardness, elasticity, water absorption and fluctuation in water.

Water absorption refers to the permeability of materials to water, which is related to the composition and structure of materials.

3-5 The rise and fall of materials in water

Physical properties can be used to describe materials, such as hardness, elasticity, water absorption and fluctuation in water.

Some materials float in water, some sink in water, and the ups and downs of objects in water are all related to materials.

3-6 bricks and ceramics

Physical properties can be used to describe materials, such as hardness, elasticity, water absorption and fluctuation in water.

Different materials have different characteristics, and different characteristics have different uses.

Artificial materials will change in the production process, changing the properties of materials.

3-7 "Classify the materials around you"

Objects are made of one or more materials, and there are many different kinds of materials around us.

An object can be described according to the properties of the materials that make it up, and a group of objects or materials can be distinguished according to these properties.

4. Water and air per unit

Matter is divided into solid, liquid and gas. Solids have a fixed shape and a certain volume; Liquid has no fixed shape, but has a certain volume; Gases have no fixed shape or volume.

Water is an important substance on the earth, and it has many uses. Compared with other liquids, water is different in color, smell, viscosity and fluidity.

Air does exist around us and can be perceived by our senses; Air can occupy space, and air has weight.

Measuring cylinder is a standard tool, which can measure the volume of liquid.

4- 1 water

Objects can be divided into solid, liquid and gas. The difference between them is that solids have fixed shapes, while liquids and gases have no fixed shapes.

4-2 Comparison of Water and Edible Oil

Compared with oil, water is different in color, smell, transparency, viscosity, shape and weight of water droplets, but it is fluid and has no fixed shape.

4-3 Who moves faster?

Liquid will flow, and the flow rate is affected by viscosity.

4-4 Comparative Water Quantity

Liquid has a certain volume, and the volume of liquid can be measured.

The measurement of non-standard units will lead to the diversity of results, and the measurement of standard units will make it possible to exchange information.

4-5 Air around us

Air is a substance that exists around us and can be perceived by us; Compared with water, air has many similarities and differences.

4-6 Does air take up space?

Air occupies space; The amount (volume) of space occupied by air can be changed (compressed or expanded).

4-7 Does the air have weight?

Air has a certain weight, but it is very light.

Collection of scientific concepts in primary school science textbooks

The first volume of grade three

1. unit unit

We observe the world around us with our senses.

There are many different kinds of plants on the earth. They generally have roots, stems and leaves, which can blossom, bear fruit and produce seeds.

Plants have the most basic survival needs: water, sunshine, air and nutrition. Every plant has specific survival needs, such as a specific environment, a certain amount of sunshine and water.

Plants will go through the process of growth, development and death, and will reproduce.

Plants have one thing in common: growing in a certain environment, they all need water, sunshine, nutrition and a certain space, they all grow and develop, they all reproduce and they all have life cycles.

Life has some basic structures: material composition, metabolism, adaptation and influence on the environment, growth and reproduction.

1- 1 "What do I see"

Trees are living plants, which grow in a certain environment and are living objects.

1-2 campus tree

The overall shape of a tree is generally composed of crown, stem and root, and the organs of a tree generally include six parts: root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit and seed.

Trees grow in a certain environment and have certain survival needs.

1-3 trees and grassland

Grass, like trees, has the same characteristics as life.

The main difference between trees and grass lies in the height of plants, the thickness and texture of stems.

Trees and grass grow in the soil, have green leaves, blossom and bear fruit, and need water, sunshine and air.

1-4 observation of aquatic plants

The swollen sponge in the petiole of water hyacinth is full of air, which is why it floats on the water.

Aquatic plants have roots, stems, leaves and other organs, and their growth needs water, sunlight and air.

1-5 leaf plants

The leaves of a tree are various, and the leaves of the same tree have the same basic characteristics.

The leaves of plants are generally composed of leaves and petioles, and there are veins on the leaves.

Leaves are also alive. Leaves begin to grow from leaf buds, and finally age and die, completing a lifetime.

1-6 "What's wrong with plants"

Plants are constantly changing, some changes are obvious, some changes are not obvious.

The changes of plants are manifested in various aspects, mainly in germination, growth, flowering and fruiting.

The change of plants is one of the characteristics of life.

1-7 "plant similarity"

Plants can be divided into terrestrial plants and aquatic plants according to different living environments.

Plants need water, sunlight, air and nutrition to survive.

A plant has a life cycle, and each plant has a certain life span.

The same characteristics of plants are: growing in a certain environment, they all need water, sunlight, air and nutrition, they all grow and reproduce, and they all have life processes from birth to death.

2. Unit "Animals"

Core concept:

Life has some basic characteristics-all of them are composed of substances, all have metabolic activities, and can adapt to and influence the environment, respond to external stimuli, and grow and reproduce.

Specific concepts:

There are many different kinds of animals on the earth. Together with plants, they form a colorful life world.

Animals are diverse, their survival depends on the environment, and different animals grow in different environments.

Animals have the most basic survival needs: food, space and pressure.

Animals will go through the process of birth, growth and death, and will reproduce.

Animals have something in common: they grow and exercise in a certain environment, need food to sustain their lives, excrete waste, respond to external stimuli, grow and reproduce.

Life has some basic characteristics-it is all composed of substances, has metabolic activities, can adapt to and influence the environment, responds to external stimuli, and grows and reproduces.

2- 1 looking for small animals

Animals are diverse, their survival depends on the environment, and different animals grow in different environments.

2-2 Snails (1)

The characteristics of snails are reflected in its movements, body structure and many other aspects.

Snails can respond to external stimuli, such as stretching their tentacles and shrinking their bodies into their shells to avoid danger.

Snails can crawl on various objects with their ventral feet, which make fine wave-like movements and leave traces of mucus when crawling.

2-3 Snails (2)

Snails have some habits related to life activities: exercise and dormancy, breathing, eating and excreting.

2-4 earthworms

Earthworms have a body structure that adapts to the environment.

Earthworms can respond to external stimuli, such as external stimuli and water.

2-5 "ants"

Ants have their own living habits and adapt to life on land.

The ant's body is divided into three parts: head, chest and abdomen. There are tentacles in the head and six feet in the chest.

2-6 goldfish

Fish has a structure that adapts to the aquatic environment and has the basic characteristics of life.

Goldfish swim with fins and breathe with gills.

Goldfish and ants have the same life characteristics.

2-7 Similarity and characteristics of animals

Animals have different individual forms and different living environments, but they all have the same characteristics: they live in a certain environment, can exercise, need food to maintain their lives, excrete waste, respond to external stimuli, grow and reproduce.

3. Unit "Materials around us"

Objects are made of one or more materials, and there are many different kinds of materials around us.

An object can be described according to the properties of the materials that make it up, and a group of objects or materials can be distinguished according to these properties.

Physical properties can be used to describe materials, such as hardness, elasticity, water absorption and lifting ability in water. These characteristics can be observed and measured.

Different materials have different properties, and the properties of materials determine the use of materials.

Some materials can be reused, and some waste materials can be used to make new products, but the degree of reuse of various materials is different.

Through science and technology, all kinds of materials in nature can be utilized, materials can change in production, and materials can change their properties after processing.

The processing and use of materials are closely related to the environment, so we need to choose consumption.

3- 1 Observe the materials around us

Objects are made of one or more materials, and there are many different kinds of materials around us.

Common materials around us are wood, paper, metal, plastic, glass, fiber and so on.

3-2 Who is more difficult?

Physical properties can be used to describe materials, such as hardness,

Flexibility, water absorption and fluctuation in water.

The harder the material is, the more it can prevent other objects from damaging its surface.

3-3 Relative flexibility

Physical properties can be used to describe materials, such as hardness, elasticity, water absorption and fluctuation in water.

Flexibility refers to the property that an object is not easy to break after being deformed by force.

3-4 Do they absorb water?

Physical properties can be used to describe materials, such as hardness, elasticity, water absorption and fluctuation in water.

Water absorption refers to the permeability of materials to water, which is related to the composition and structure of materials.

3-5 The rise and fall of materials in water

Physical properties can be used to describe materials, such as hardness, elasticity, water absorption and fluctuation in water.

Some materials float in water, some sink in water, and the ups and downs of objects in water are all related to materials.

3-6 bricks and ceramics

Physical properties can be used to describe materials, such as hardness, elasticity, water absorption and fluctuation in water.

Different materials have different characteristics, and different characteristics have different uses.

Artificial materials will change in the production process, changing the properties of materials.

3-7 "Classify the materials around you"

Objects are made of one or more materials, and there are many different kinds of materials around us.

An object can be described according to the properties of the materials that make it up, and a group of objects or materials can be distinguished according to these properties.

4. Water and air per unit

Matter is divided into solid, liquid and gas. Solids have a fixed shape and a certain volume; Liquid has no fixed shape, but has a certain volume; Gases have no fixed shape or volume.

Water is an important substance on the earth, and it has many uses. Compared with other liquids, water is different in color, smell, viscosity and fluidity.

Air does exist around us and can be perceived by our senses; Air can occupy space, and air has weight.

Measuring cylinder is a standard tool, which can measure the volume of liquid.

4- 1 water

Objects can be divided into solid, liquid and gas. The difference between them is that solids have fixed shapes, while liquids and gases have no fixed shapes.

4-2 Comparison of Water and Edible Oil

Compared with oil, water is different in color, smell, transparency, viscosity, shape and weight of water droplets, but it is fluid and has no fixed shape.

4-3 Who moves faster?

Liquid will flow, and the flow rate is affected by viscosity.

4-4 Comparative Water Quantity

Liquid has a certain volume, and the volume of liquid can be measured.

The measurement of non-standard units will lead to the diversity of results, and the measurement of standard units will make it possible to exchange information.

4-5 Air around us

Air is a substance that exists around us and can be perceived by us; Compared with water, air has many similarities and differences.

4-6 Does air take up space?

Air occupies space; The amount (volume) of space occupied by air can be changed (compressed or expanded).

4-7 Does the air have weight?

Air has a certain weight, but it is very light.

The first volume of the fourth grade

1. "Dissolved" unit

Some substances are soluble in water, while others are insoluble in water.

Dissolution means that the substance is evenly and stably dispersed in the water, and will not settle by itself, and the substance cannot be separated from the water by filtration.

The dissolution rate of soluble solid matter in water is related to the particle size (that is, the surface area), the temperature of water, whether the liquid is stirred or not and other factors.

Different substances have different solubility in water.

There is a limit to the dissolution of substances in water.

The process of salt dissolving in water is a reversible process.

1- 1 Water can dissolve some substances.

Some substances are soluble in water, while others are insoluble in water.

Dissolved substances cannot be separated from water by filtration.

How does water dissolve matter?

Dissolution means that the substance is evenly and stably dispersed in water, and will not settle by itself, nor can it be separated from water by filtration.

Dissolution between 1-3 liquids

Some liquids can be evenly and stably dispersed and dissolved in water, while others cannot.

1-4 solubility of different substances in water

Different substances have different solubility in water.

Some gases are also soluble in water.

1-5 fast and slow dissolution

The dissolution rate of soluble solids in water is related to the particle size (surface area), the temperature of water, whether the liquid is stirred or not, and other factors.

How much salt can a glass of water dissolve?

A certain amount of water can only dissolve a certain amount of salt.

1-7 method for separating salt from water

The process of salt dissolving in water is a reversible process.

2. Sound unit

Sound is produced by the vibration of objects.

Pitch and volume are two basic indicators to describe sound.

Changing the way an object vibrates can change the pitch and volume it produces.

Pitch is determined by the frequency of vibration; The volume is determined by the vibration amplitude.

People's ears have a membrane, and sounds vibrate when they touch it; The ears and brain will convert these vibrations into the feeling of sound.

2- 1 "Listen to the sound"

There are different sounds around us, and we can also make different sounds with objects.

2-2 "How Sound Is Produced"

Sound is produced by the vibration of objects.

2-3 changes in sound

The volume is determined by the vibration amplitude of the object. The greater the vibration amplitude, the stronger the sound. The smaller the amplitude, the weaker the sound. Pitch is determined by the frequency at which the object vibrates. The faster the vibration frequency, the higher the sound. The slower the vibration frequency, the lower the sound.

2-4 Explore the pitch change of the ruler

The vibration frequency of the ruler is affected by the length of the ruler extending out of the table. The length of this part will cause the change of pitch: the longer the pitch, the lower the pitch and the shorter the pitch.

2-5 "How does sound spread"

Sound travels from one place to another in the form of waves through objects.

2-6 "How Do We Hear Sound"

The human ear consists of outer ear, middle ear and inner ear. The auricle of the external ear transmits the collected sound to the eardrum through the ear canal, causing the eardrum to vibrate. This vibration signal is transmitted to the brain, and through the processing of the brain, we can hear various sounds.

2-7 "Protect our hearing"

Loud or loud sounds will damage our hearing. Protecting our hearing is to prevent our ears from hearing too high or too strong and to control the noise.

3. Unit "Weather"

The weather changes every day.

Weather features mainly include cloud cover, precipitation, wind and temperature.

Thermometers, rain gauges, wind vanes and anemometers are all tools for measuring weather.

Meteorologists are scientists who study, observe and record weather information and use it to predict the weather.

The weather affects our life.

3- 1 "We care about the weather"

Weather is often described by weather characteristics, such as cloud cover, rainfall, temperature, wind direction and wind speed.

3-2 Weather Calendar

The weather changes every day.

3-3 temperature and air temperature

Temperature refers to the outdoor temperature in a cool and ventilated place, and the temperature should be measured at the same time every day.

3-4 Wind direction and speed

Wind can be perceived through the changes of natural things and can be described by wind direction and speed.

3-5 Measurement of Precipitation

Rainfall can be measured by a rain gauge.

3-6 Cloud observation

According to the amount of clouds, the weather can be divided into sunny days, cloudy days and cloudy days. Clouds in the sky will change, and different clouds indicate different weather.

3-7 "Summarizing Our Weather Observations"

The weather is constantly changing. Analyzing and sorting out the long-term recorded weather information can help us understand some characteristics of the weather and some laws of weather changes.

4. Unit "Our Body"

Every part of the human body has a special function. When carrying out various life activities, different parts are not isolated, but closely coordinated.

Understanding the coordination of various parts of the body is beneficial to our healthy life.

The human body can be divided into four parts according to its shape: head, neck, trunk and limbs. According to different functions, the human body has different structural division methods.

The body movement of human body is completed by bones, joints and muscles, and different forms of movement will involve different bones, joints and muscles.

The exercise of human body needs to consume a lot of oxygen, and the gas exchange function of lung and the blood transport function of heart are very important.

The energy needed for human exercise comes from the absorption of nutrients in food by digestive organs. A good initial digestion process of food in the mouth is beneficial to the absorption of nutrients in food.

4- 1 "Body Structure"

The human body can be divided into head, neck, trunk and limbs according to its appearance characteristics, and there are different structural division methods according to different functions.

The external characteristics of the human body can be observed directly, and the internal characteristics can be observed with some tools.

4-2 bones, joints and muscles

The physical activities of the body are completed by bones, joints and muscles. In different exercise forms, the combined structure of bones, joints and muscles will be different.

4-3 "What will happen if you jump (1)"

Human body needs oxygen for exercise, and the gas exchange in the lungs sucks oxygen into the blood and excretes carbon dioxide.

The more people exercise, the more oxygen they consume, so it is necessary to speed up the breathing in the lungs to inhale more oxygen.

Regular exercise can increase the body's vital capacity and be beneficial to health.

4-4 "What will it beat (2)"

The oxygen needed by the human body is inhaled by the lungs and then enters the blood, and then transported to all parts of the body by the heart through blood vessels. At the same time, carbon dioxide and other wastes are collected and excreted.

With the increase of human exercise, blood is needed to deliver more oxygen, and the increase of heartbeat speed can increase the amount of blood delivered.

Exercise can strengthen the heart, which is good for health.

4-5 Movement of Food in the Body

The energy needed for human activities comes from the absorption of nutrients in food by digestive organs.

The digestive organs of human body include mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine, and each organ has its own function. Food will enter these digestive organs in turn in the human body and be digested and absorbed.

4-6 changes of oral cavity

The energy needed for human exercise comes from the absorption of nutrients in food by digestive organs. Food will go through a preliminary digestion process in the mouth.

Teeth, tongue and saliva participate in the digestion of food in the mouth, and their functions are different.

There are three kinds of teeth, and different teeth have different functions. Protecting teeth is good for our health.

4-7 "Take care of our bodies"

Different parts of the human body are not isolated in various life activities, but closely cooperate with each other.