What are the climatic characteristics of Harbin?

Features: Harbin's climate is characterized by four distinct seasons, long and cold winter and short and hot summer, while the temperature in spring and autumn changes rapidly, which is a short transitional season. Affected by the geographical environment, land and sea air masses and monsoon alternation, the climate of the whole city changes obviously in four seasons. Winter is controlled by the polar continental air mass, and the climate is cold and dry; In summer, it is influenced by subtropical ocean air mass, with abundant precipitation and warm climate. Spring and autumn are affected by the alternating winter and summer monsoon, with changeable climate, strong wind and little precipitation in spring, which is prone to drought; In autumn, the temperature drops suddenly, and there are often frost hazards.

Spring Climate Spring (March-May) is the transitional season between winter and summer, with rapid temperature rise, less precipitation, strong wind, dry air, changeable weather and large temperature difference. The temperature changes sharply from month to month, generally around 8 ~ 10℃. The average annual temperature in spring in this city is 5.65438 0℃. The low temperature centers are Shangzhi, Yanshou and Tonghe, and the average temperature in spring over the years is below 4.4℃. The high temperature centers are in Shuangcheng, Acheng and Binxian, and the average temperature in spring over the years is more than 5.6℃.

The average annual precipitation in spring in the city is 80.2 mm, in dry year (1989)39.0 mm, and in wet year (1976) 127.9 mm.. There is more precipitation in the south and east in spring, which is prone to spring waterlogging; There are few in the west, which is prone to spring drought. The wind speed is the highest in spring, with the maximum wind speed of 22 ~ 37m/s from April to May and 37m/s over the years (Acheng1May 3, 974). The average number of windy days is 25, and the maximum number of windy days in Yilan is 63. The final frost varies greatly among counties in the city, with an average of 10 in May over the years. Shuangcheng, Acheng and Binxian are May 5th. Wuchang, Fangzheng and Yilan in early May; Bayan, Mulan, Tonghe and Yanshou are in mid-May; Only Shangzhi was in late May and early May. The final frost changes greatly every year, sometimes about 10 days earlier or later than normal. Delaying the final frost will cause late frost, which is also a great disaster for agricultural production.

Summer climate Summer (June-August), warm climate, abundant rainfall, light and hot water in the same season, is conducive to agricultural production. The average summer temperature in this city is 20.8℃, which varies between 19.4-22.4℃. The lowest value of 19.4℃ appears in 1983, and the highest value of 22.4℃ appears in 1994. Although the average temperature in summer changes very little, the difference is only 3℃, but it has a great impact on agriculture.

The temperature in summer is also high in the west and low in the east. July is the month with the highest temperature in the whole year, with an average temperature of 22.3℃ over the years. Shangzhi, Yanshou, Tonghe and Yilan are below 22℃. The monthly temperature difference is very small, generally only 2-3℃, which is the smallest in all seasons. The average summer precipitation in the city is 379 mm over the years; The range of changes over the years is 197.5 ~ 633.7mm, with a difference of more than 2 times. The average annual precipitation in Shangzhi, Wuchang and Bayan is more than 400 mm, and the precipitation intensity is not great. The average number of rainstorm days is 1 ~ 2 days, and there are very few torrential rains. Generally, heavy rain mostly occurs in the eastern mountainous and hilly areas, which is easy to cause flash floods or floods.

Autumn Climate Autumn (September ~ 65438+1October) is the transition season from summer to winter. Due to the influence of cold air in the north, the climate changed from warm to cold. Cyclone activity is second only to spring, and the weather is changeable. Whenever a cold front passes, the temperature drops sharply. The monthly temperature difference is 8 ~ 9℃. The average seasonal temperature in this city over the years is 9.4℃; The interannual variation range is 7.9 ~ 1 1. 1℃, with little change. The average first frost year in the city is September 23rd; It first appeared on September 7th (Shangzhi, Yanshou 1976).

Because the frost is greatly influenced by the terrain, the difference of the first frost date between the plain and the mountainous area is caused. After autumn, the precipitation decreased obviously, but it was more than that in spring. The average annual precipitation in the city is 94.3 mm; The interannual variation is between 46.2 ~ 167. 1 mm; In the eastern mountainous areas, Shangzhi, Yanshou, Fangzheng and Tonghe 100 mm or more, the wind speed in autumn is higher than that in spring, and the wind direction is mainly southerly.

Winter Climate Winter (1 1 ~ February of the following year) is controlled by dry and cold polar continental air mass, with extremely low temperature, little precipitation and cold and dry climate. The average temperature in winter is-14.2℃. 65438+ 10 is the coldest month, and the average temperature of the whole city over the years is-19.6℃. In winter, the average annual precipitation (snow) in the city is 23.6 mm; The interannual variation is between 6.6 and 35.4 mm, with a difference of nearly 5 times. In winter, the southwest wind prevails in the city, and the wind speed is very small. Sometimes there will be snowstorms.