Why is it cold near the sun and hot at the distance?

The direct point of the sun moves between the north and south latitudes of the Tropic of Cancer throughout the year. In June and July, that is, in the summer, the direct point of the sun moves near the Tropic of Cancer and reaches the aphelion in early July, but It is summer in the northern hemisphere at this time, because the direct point of the sun is moving in the northern hemisphere at this time, while it is winter in the southern hemisphere in early January.

Because our country is in the northern hemisphere, from the perspective of the northern hemisphere, perihelion is cold and aphelion is hot. If you live in the Southern Hemisphere, you'll have the opposite feeling.

Extended information:

The causes of the four seasons

The causes of the four seasons on the earth are caused by direct and oblique sunlight. Since there is an angle of 23.5 degrees between the earth's orbital plane and the earth's equatorial plane, during the summer solstice, the northern hemisphere of the earth is tilted toward the sun, and the sun's rays shine directly on the Tropic of Cancer, so the weather in the northern hemisphere is hot. In addition, the Earth's revolution speed also has an impact. The Earth's revolution speed is very fast when it passes through perihelion, and it is slow when it passes through aphelion.

According to Kepler's three laws, the earth's orbit around the sun is an ellipse, and the sun is at a focus of this ellipse. The Earth's orbit has an eccentricity of 0.017 and has a perihelion and aphelion in the orbit. It is 147.1 million kilometers away from the sun at perihelion and 152.1 million kilometers away from the sun at aphelion. The difference between the two is 5 million kilometers, which is about 1/30.

On January 3 this year, the earth passed through perihelion, but it did not make our place warmer; on July 4 this year, the earth passed through aphelion, but it did not make our place cooler. But the 1/30 difference also brings obvious benefits to us in the northern hemisphere.

According to the "precession" change, after 13,000 years, this situation will be reversed. Winter in the northern hemisphere passes through aphelion and summer passes through perihelion.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Aphelion

Baidu Encyclopedia-Perihelion