Cultivation techniques of poria cocos

Poria cocos, facultative parasite, is a traditional and precious Chinese herbal medicine in China. The following is the planting technique of Poria cocos that I arranged for you, I hope it will be useful to you.

Poria cocos planting techniques: site selection and soil preparation

Poria cocos planting site should be 10 ~ 25? The hillside is suitable. Yellow sandy soil is the best soil, while clay and gravel soil are not suitable for planting and continuous cropping. After land selection, sundries should be removed when digging deeply, and termiticides should be used for soil disinfection in areas with termite hazards. Before inoculation of Poria cocos 1 time, the clods were broken and impurities were completely removed.

Prepare the materials

The growth of poria cocos depends on pine trees to provide nutrients, so the cultivation of poria cocos should be based on pine trees. There are two main types in production: dry wood cultivation and stump cultivation.

1. preparation method of dry wood

Cut down unqualified pine trees with a diameter greater than 12cm (or cut off the head and tail left after picking), cut off some branches, leave leaves at the tail of the tree, and then shovel off 4-5 barks according to the size of the tree (it is advisable to shovel them to xylem), leaving 4-5 barks two fingers wide between shovels, and there should be no broken marks from top to bottom. The bark left behind is called lead (commonly known as lead? Stay tendon? )。 10 ~ 15 days later, dry the trunk until cracks appear, saw it into 70 ~ 80 cm sections, and press? Hmm? The zigzag is stacked in a dry and sunny place. Cover the wooden crib with grass, open a drain around the crib, and sprinkle termiticide on the ground.

2. Stump preparation method

When cutting pine trees in autumn and winter, choose stumps with a diameter greater than 12cm and enclose them with 1? Thoroughly remove weeds and topsoil within 5m, and cut down shrubs to a depth of about 0.8m, exposing stumps and roots. Then shovel off four barks on the stump, leaving four two-finger wide leads. Leave at most 4 ~ 6 roots exposed on the ground, and cut off the rest. The roots of the tree should also be peeled on three sides, and the left and right sides should be left with 1 thick leads, and the root length should be1~1.5m. The above work should be carried out last winter.

vaccination

1. Vaccination season

Poria cocos is inoculated in spring and autumn. Spring planting goes from Qingming to long summer. The temperature in southern Guangxi, southeastern Guangxi and western Guangxi rose earlier, so it is more suitable to inoculate before and after Qingming. Northern and northwestern Guangxi should be inoculated before and after the long summer. In autumn, there is little difference in temperature. Poria cocos can be inoculated before and after beginning of autumn.

2? Inoculation method

Is Poria cocos cultivated with strains or fresh Poria cocos (sclerotia)? Seeds? Reproduce offspring. The strain was sterilized in a small pine bottle (plastic), added with appropriate culture medium, inoculated with Poria cocos original seed for culture, and white and vigorous mycelium grew in the bottle. The propagation of fresh Poria cocos is to select fresh Poria cocos with thin skin and tender reddish brown, cut into pieces with skin weight of 0. 1 ~ 0. 15 kg with a bamboo knife, and inoculate them as propagation materials.

Before inoculation, a pit was dug in the whole planting area along the slope direction, with a depth of 20cm and a width of 40 ~ 50 cm. The length depends on the pit length. Level the bottom of the cellar slightly, sprinkle with termiticide and mix it evenly with the soil, and put that piece of wood into the cellar along the slope. Play two paragraphs first. When inoculating strains, the top half of two pieces of wood should be cut with a sharp knife before they can grow? Width = 150cm? 10

Cm, take out the pine pieces with hyphae in the bottle with tweezers, lay them flat at the new opening between the wood pieces, cover them with pine pieces or leaves, put another piece of wood (if the weight of two pieces of wood is more than 20kg, don't put the third piece of wood), and cover with soil 10 ~ 15cm. To inoculate fresh poria cocos, saw several places on the upper end of the wood, pasted with fresh poria cocos, gently rubbed and pressed with hands, and covered with soil. Stump inoculation is to drill 2 ~ 3 new holes in the stump, then inoculate strains and fresh poria cocos at the new holes respectively, cover with pine leaves and leaves, cover with soil 15 ~ 17 cm, and pile the pit surface into a turtle back shape.

Tiantuan management

1. Poria cocos mycelium can grow 7 ~ 10 days after inoculation. At this time, it is necessary to check the bacterial situation in each cellar and fill in the gaps in time. 1 In the early morning, when the dew is still wet, visit the planting area. If there are poria cocos hyphae on the wood in the cellar, it means that the soil on the cellar is dry and there is no dew. If there is dew on the cellar, there is no poria cocos mycelium on the wood. Digging from the cellar, it was found that white hyphae had grown in the lower section of Duanmu, which smelled of Poria cocos and could be identified as Poria cocos hyphae. If dead bacteria and aseptic poria cocos skin are found, check it every 7 ~ 10 days/time. If the mycelium of Poria cocos is still not found in the second inspection, the cellar can be opened, and the 1 slice can be taken out from other sections with bacteria and transferred to a sterile cellar. Or dig out all the wood blocks that have not been inoculated with bacteria, dry the water, cut the peeling mouth again, and then inoculate with bacteria. It should be noted that poria cocos was inoculated for about 1 month, and no hyphae could be seen on the wood surface. At this time, most hyphae have grown in the wood. After inoculation of Poria cocos 1 month, no hyphae were seen at the base, and it was mistaken that fungi had not come up, which would cause undue losses if the wood was pried open.

2. After 7 ~ 10 days of inoculation, if termites are found, termiticides should be sprayed on termites or ant paths immediately for control.

3. After Poria cocos forms sclerotia (keloid), if Poria cocos is found exposed, it should be cultivated in time, and drainage should be paid attention to in rainy season.

Harvest processing

Poria cocos generally matures in 8 ~ 10 months after inoculation. Stack the harvested poria cocos in a sheltered place indoors and cover it tightly with straw? Sweating? 5 ~ 6 days, and then spread out to dry 1 ~ 2 days. After the water evaporates, pile it up again, cover it tightly with straw for 5-6 days, peel it (or peel off the fresh poria cocos skin first), steam it in a steamer until it penetrates the heart, or add water to it until it penetrates the heart (change the water 3-4 times when cooking, marked by changing the water when the water turns black). Take it out and cut it with a sharp knife? Wide? Thickness =4cm? 4cm？ 0.5 cm square. Then put the white blocks and red blocks in bamboo mats or bamboo curtains respectively, cover them with 1 piece of white paper, and dry them in the sun until they are completely dry. Pay attention to turning them frequently. In case of rainy days, it can be dried with charcoal fire, but it can't be baked with open flame, so as to avoid the yellowing of poria cocos slices due to smoking and affect the quality of products.

Poria cocos 1 artificial cultivation technology; climatic growth and development conditions and living environment of Poria cocos

1. 1 living environment

Poria cocos likes warm and dry, and is suitable for sunny slopes with an altitude of 700~ 1000 meters (the slope is generally 10~35 degrees). Good drainage, loose soil, sand content of 30-70%, thin soil layer, large ventilation, soil layer thickness of about 1 m, slightly acidic white sand soil and red sand soil are better, and the PH value is 6-7. It is forbidden to use miscellaneous wood land, burning land, wetlands beside streams, fertile fields, black land, groundwater and water. High sand content and aeration can stimulate mycelium growth and form sclerotia, which is beneficial to improve the yield of Poria cocos.

1.2 moisture

Poria cocos requires dry land and pine forest, and the suitable relative humidity of mycelium is 55 ~ 65%, which is easy to cause mycelium death. Therefore, the planting site should be selected on a sunny hillside with a certain slope and good drainage to avoid dampness and flooding.

1.3 temperature

Poria cocos mycelium can grow underground at 20 ~ 30℃, and the optimum temperature is 25 ~ 28℃. It will not freeze to death at low temperature of 0~C, and it will not die quickly at high temperature of 35℃. Low temperature in winter will lead to slow growth of porous bacteria, and high temperature above 35℃ will cause mycelium death; Temperature change and large temperature difference between day and night are beneficial to stimulate hyphae to form spores.

1.4 lighting

Poria cocos likes to grow on sunny hillside. Mycelia and sclerotia can grow in completely dark soil and are insensitive to diffuse light, but direct irradiation with strong light will kill mycelium and sclerotia or inhibit their growth.

2 Selection of inoculation period and production period

2. 1 Selection of inoculation period

According to the temperature requirements of hyphae and the statistics of soil temperatures at 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm in Shouning Meteorological Station (820 meters above sea level), and according to the monthly temperature drop rate in our county, the monthly average soil temperature at 500 ~ 1 100 meters 20em was calculated. The optimal vaccination period is June, September and June, and the second vaccination period is April, May, June, June, June, June and June. The optimum inoculation period is from June to September at an altitude of 800 ~ 1 100 m, followed by May, l0 and L65438+ 10. It is best to choose a sunny day with a suitable inoculation period. Because the mycelium growth period can increase the soil temperature by 3 ~ 5℃, the elevation of our county is 500? The high temperature period in July and August should be avoided in 700mlg area, and the extreme time in July and August should be avoided in areas above 8ID0m. Burning bacteria? Phenomenon. According to the statistical analysis of 20 cm ground temperature in our county, freezing injury below 0℃ is impossible all year round, which is harmful to sclerotia production. In addition, from the statistics of monthly and daily variation in our county, the daily variation is large, which is conducive to stimulating the growth of hyphae into sclerotia, and sclerotia is produced all year round.

2.2 Layout depth of artificial ice field

After inoculation, the soil cover is too deep and the soil temperature is low, which is not conducive to the growth of hyphae and sclerotia. Too shallow soil cover will lead to the soil temperature in the ridge field rising too fast, which may be caused by the high temperature higher than 35 ~ C. Phenomenon. In case of heavy rainfall, the soil may be washed away, exposing pine trees, damaging hyphae and sclerotia by direct sunlight, and possibly causing rain pits? Pit bubble? Phenomenon, endangering the survival of hyphae, so the general covering depth is about 15-20 cm.

2.3 Suitable planting height

There should be full-day sunshine at high altitude and low temperature, and half-day sunshine at low altitude and high temperature, mainly to control the temperature conditions suitable for the growth of poria cocos. Too high or too low altitude will cause the death of poria cocos hyphae and sclerotia or inhibit their normal growth. Does poria cocos need 4 after inoculation? It takes 12 months to grow and mature. From the analysis in Table 3, it can be seen that the average soil temperature of 7-8 cm and Q 20 cm in the area of 500-600 meters above sea level in our county is above 26~C, and the highest temperature easily exceeds 35~C, which is not conducive to the growth of Poria cocos. The average temperature of soil above the altitude of 1 1000 m is not conducive to the growth of Poria cocos, so the planting altitude of our county is 700- 1000 m.

3 Meteorological measures in lingchang management

3. 1 Poria cocos is afraid of water and drought. Every time after the rain, check the poria cocos field. If there is water accumulation or soil erosion, ditch cleaning and cellar building should be done immediately. If there are weeds in the cellar, they should be carefully removed.

3.2 Poria cocos began to scab about four months after inoculation. Poria cocos grew vigorously in September of that year (65438+ 10) and March and April of the following year, and it would crack the ground. At this time, it is necessary to check frequently. If there are cracks, cover the soil in time to avoid the influence of rain, wind and sun on the output of Poria cocos.