Where is the specialty of Black Mountain Golden Pineapple?

Brakeshan golden pineapple is a geographical indication product of agricultural products.

Golden pineapple was bred by crossing Apple pear as female parent and Gigi Lai pear as male parent, so it was researched by Fruit Tree Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Heishan golden pineapple ripened at the end of September 10. The average weight of a single fruit is 240 grams, the fruit is spherical, the peel is yellow-green, golden yellow after storage, the fruit point is large and obvious, the pulp is fine, crisp, juicy, sweet and sour, fragrant, containing soluble substances 135%, with high quality and storage resistance; It tastes better after storage.

Golden pineapple has yellow-green peel, smooth fruit surface, white flesh, small core, tender meat, crisp and juicy, sweet and sour, and the single fruit weighs 250 grams. Apple pear skin is yellow-green when it is harvested, turns yellow after storage, and has a blush on the sunny side. The stone is very small, the meat is crisp, sweet and sour, and the average fruit weight is 250 grams. In the announcementNo. 1054 issued by the Ministry of Agriculture, Montenegro Golden Pineapple was recognized as the first batch of geographical indication products of agricultural products by the Ministry of Agriculture, and was awarded the gold medal by the Quality Fruit Jury of Liaoning Provincial People's Government with 1996. Apple pear has been awarded the silver prizes of 1996 and 1998 by the provincial government's quality fruit jury for two consecutive years, and has registered two brand trademarks of "Fangshan Brand" and "Huangma Brand" in the State Administration for Industry and Commerce.

territorial scope

Heishan Golden Pineapple is produced in Heishan County, Liaoning Province, bounded by 102 line, east of Zhen 'an Township and Baichangmen Town, north of Hu Jia Town and Wuliangdian Town, and west of Yingchengzi Township, namely Yingchengzi Township, Xinlitun Town, Fangshan Town, ba dao hao zhen, Taihe Town, Baichangmen Town, Zhen 'an Township, Wuliangdian Town, Xuetun Township and Hu Jia Town. Heishan County is located in the north of Liaohe Plain, with geographical coordinates of12148' 45 "-122 37' 30" and 4127' 30 "-42 7' 30" north latitude. The lowest point in the county is 5.3m above sea level, and the highest point is 38 1m above sea level. The origin of Golden Pineapple in Montenegro is mainly located in the northwest of Heishan County, bordering Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County and Zhangwu County in the north and Beizhen City in the west. The total production area is 6667 hectares, and the annual output is 17325 tons.

Natural ecological environment and human and historical factors

(1) Soil landform: The soil in Heishan County can be roughly divided into six categories: meadow soil, brown soil, aeolian sandy soil, swamp soil, saline soil and paddy soil, among which meadow soil is the most, brown soil is the second, and other soil types are only scattered. The pH value of the soil is between 6.5 and 7.5. The soil fertility is moderate, and the organic matter content is between 0.8- 1.5%. The geological structure of Heishan county belongs to a part of Yinshan ancient land in North China platform. The terrain of the county is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, with a slight inclination. The northwest is hilly, with a small plain in the middle, which is the hilly area of Heishan County. The central plain is broad and flat, with isolated hills in the middle; The southeast is low-lying and is an ancient swamp, and the surrounding areas of Yang and Dongsha Rivers are alluvial plains.

(2) Hydrological situation: The main rivers in Heishan County include Raoyang River, Dongsha River, Yangchang River and five small and medium-sized reservoirs, with a total basin area of 2486.5km2 and an average surface runoff of 65.438+0.29 billion m3. Heishan County is rich in groundwater resources, with a total reserve of 287 million m3/ year. The water quality is clear and pure, which is the ideal water for industrial and agricultural production and life.

(3) Climate: Heishan County has four distinct seasons, belonging to the warm temperate and semi-humid continental monsoon climate. There is little rain in spring, the temperature rises rapidly and the evaporation is large; It is hot in summer, with concentrated rainfall and high humidity; Autumn is cold and rainy, with plenty of sunshine and large temperature difference between day and night; It is cold and snowy in winter and the climate is dry. The annual average temperature is 7.9℃, the annual average rainfall is 568.4 mm, and the annual total rainfall is 65.438+293 million cubic meters. The annual average sunshine hours are 2785 hours, and the annual total solar radiation is 136.7 kcal/cm2. Southwest winds prevail throughout the year, with an annual average wind speed of 4.3m/s, average first frost 10, average final frost 2 1, and average frost-free period 163 days. Heishan county has abundant sunshine and moderate rainfall in the crop growing season, and the heat conditions can meet the growth of golden pineapple.

(4) Human history: Heishan County has a long history and many ancient sites in the territory. Heishan county was once the main battlefield of the famous Montenegro blocking war and the western Liaoning campaign in the liberation war. Since the introduction of Golden Pineapple in Heishan County, the county party committee and the county government have set clear development goals, and regard the development of Golden Pineapple as one of the four pillar industries in the county, which is directly linked to the political achievements of the township (town) leading bodies. In 2006, Heishan County was approved by the Ministry of Agriculture as the national standardized production base of green food raw materials (golden pineapple).

Production technical requirements

(1) Origin selection: There are 10 townships in Heishan County, including Yingchengzi Township, Xinlitun Town, Fangshan Town, ba dao hao zhen, Taihe Town, Baichangmen Town, Zhen 'an Township, Wuliangdian Town, Xuetun Township, Hu Jia Town, etc., and the environmental quality of the origin must meet the environmental technical conditions of green food origin (NY/T3966).

(2) Variety selection: Jinfengli was bred by crossing Apple pear as female parent and Gigi Lai pear as male parent in Xingcheng Fruit Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences. From 65438 to 0975, Montenegro introduced seedlings and scions of golden pineapple from Xingcheng Fruit Research Institute. Seedlings are planted in Wang Dabao Fruit Farm in Fangshan Town, and scions are cultivated in Fangshan Town Nursery and Yangtun Nursery, and then planted in all orchards in the county. The seedlings planted in Black Mountain Golden Pineapple must be selected from the base, free from pests and diseases.

(3) Production process management: The production process of Montenegro Golden Pineapple must be operated in strict accordance with the Operation Rules for Montenegro Golden Pineapple Production. The use of pesticides and fertilizers in the production process must comply with the Guidelines for the Use of Pesticides in Green Food (NY/T393-2000) and the Guidelines for the Use of Fertilizers in Green Food (NY/T394-2000).

In order to ensure the quality characteristics of Heishan golden pineapple, we should pay special attention to the following links. A. soil, fertilizer and water management. ①

Dig deep and change soil. From July to August, the crown of the tree was excavated from 30cm inside the vertical projection, with a width of 50- 100cm and a depth of 60-80cm, in a semi-circular shape. After applying sufficient manure in the ditch, backfill the topsoil, change the direction of excavation every year, and gradually expand outward to create good conditions for root growth. ② Rational fertilization. Combining deep tillage and soil improvement, each adult pear tree is applied with 3000 kg/year agricultural fertilizer; Spraying borax on leaves for 300 times in full bloom to improve fruit setting rate; Spraying 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate during the growth period can increase the fruit coloring and content. ③ Water in time. Irrigation water to protect flowers and fruits once a year before flowering. 1late October 10 to1early October11111/kloc-0. Brakeshan Golden Pineapple mainly adopts the method of taking time to laminate the tree shape, which ensures that the tree structure is full, the light inside and outside the crown is strong, the fruit is uniform, the yield is high and the quality is good. The structure of the tree is: trunk height is 50-60cm, main branches are 5-6, divided into upper and lower layers, and the spacing between layers is1-1.2m. Each main branch has 2-3 lateral branches, and the height of the tree is about 4.5m The pruning characteristics of Heishan Golden Pineapple are: except the main branches and lateral branches are cut short, the branches are straight and too dense. Artificial flower thinning and fruit thinning should be carried out after the inflorescence is extended to flowering, especially when the flowers are not open. The ratio of flowers to leaves is 1: 5. The fruit thinning time is generally from late May to early June, and can be carried out 7 days after the full flowering period. Leave a fruit according to 20-25cm, ensure that 40-50 leaves leave a fruit, and weak branches can leave relatively few fruits. A strong tree can keep more fruits properly. D. fruit bagging. Put a special paper bag on the fruit after thinning (around the beginning of June) to make the fruit grow and develop in the paper bag to prevent pollution and the harm of fruit-eating insects to the fruit. Paper bags must be torn 20 days before harvest to facilitate fruit coloring.

(4) Product harvesting and post-harvest treatment: Heishan golden pineapple is harvested every year 10 and 1 after harvest. After harvesting, the fruits must be packaged in different grades, the fruit baskets should be sealed with kraft paper before packaging, and the single layer should be placed in the fruit farm for pre-cooling to avoid sun and rain. The storage time of Heishan golden pineapple is165438+1early October. According to the weather change, choose to enter the cellar before the arrival of strong cold current. Before entering the cellar, you must carefully select the stored fruits and thoroughly remove pests, diseases, lumps and crushed fruits. The bottom of the cellar is paved with a layer of river sand with a thickness of 5- 10cm, and the fruit basket is sealed with kraft paper, and the code on the river sand is in the shape of a needle. The temperature in the cellar is controlled at -2-3℃ and the humidity is kept at 80-90%.

(5) Requirements for production records: During the whole production process of Heishan Golden Pineapple, field production files should be established, which should be completely recorded and properly kept for future reference.

Typical product quality characteristics and product quality and safety regulations

(1) External sensory characteristics: The fruit of Heishan Golden Pineapple is nearly spherical, fragrant, yellow-green peel, golden yellow after storage, waxy and shiny, and the fruit point is large and obvious. Single fruit weighs 230-280 grams.

(2) Internal quality index: Brakshan Golden Pineapple has thin skin and thick flesh, white flesh, tender and crisp flesh, juicy, sweet and sour. The content of soluble solid is 65438 05%, soluble sugar is 65438 03.5%, and soluble acid is 0.25%.

(3) Safety requirements: Montenegro golden pineapple should meet the standard of green food temperate fruit (NY/T844-2004).

Packaging identification and other relevant regulations.

(1) Classification: Mature Montenegro golden pineapple is divided into three grades: super grade, excellent grade and first grade.

(2) Packaging: wicker basket packaging, 20kg/ basket.

(3) Logo: Logo users should uniformly use geographical indications of agricultural products (the combination of the name and logo pattern of Montenegro Golden Pineapple) on their products or their packaging.

(4) Others: The storage and transportation of Montenegro Golden Pineapple shall be carried out in accordance with the Green Food Storage and Transportation Guide (NY/T 1056-2006).