How to grow melon with small bristles?

Small seto melon alias bitter gourd, golden melon.

Planting techniques of bitter gourd;

1, land selection and soil preparation, Momordica charantia is not strict with land requirements, and all kinds of soil can be planted, but its root system is developed, there are many lateral roots, and its root group is wide, which is resistant to fertilizer and barren, and it likes to be wet and avoid waterlogging. Therefore, it is best to choose land with deep soil layer, loose soil and good drainage near water source. Before sowing, the land should be ploughed, ironed and raked to make it deep, loose, fat, broken and flat, laying the foundation for high yield.

2. Sow in time. The planting period of bitter gourd in autumn is usually from July to August, which is characterized by suitable climate, convenient management, long harvesting time and high yield. The winter planting period of bitter gourd is11-65438+February. Because of the low temperature in winter, plastic film mulching should be used when planting, and integrated irrigation technology of water and fertilizer under plastic film should be implemented. It can not only preserve fertilizer and water, raise ground temperature, promote normal growth and development of seedlings, increase yield, but also save labor and cost.

3. Reasonable close planting, bitter gourd grows vigorously, with more lateral branches and longer growth period. It must have a good population structure to obtain high yield. So the planting density (specification) should be reasonable. Generally, the row spacing of plants is 80×200 cm, the width and row spacing are 100×(30+ 170)÷2 cm, and 400-500 plants are planted per mu.

4. Apply sufficient base fertilizer. When sowing and planting, firstly, according to the planting specifications, dig a pit in the ditch, and apply high-quality soil miscellaneous fertilizer 100 kg or cowshed fertilizer 1000-500 kg of high-concentration compound fertilizer for vegetables and borax 1.5 kg to the pit per mu, and then turn it evenly.

5, scaffolding and vines, when the seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves, bamboo should be inserted into the scaffolding in time. Generally, scaffolding is a ∏-shaped structure, so that branches and vines are evenly distributed on the scaffolding. When the seedlings grow to 50-60 cm, the vines can be introduced into the shed. Generally, the main vine leads straight along the support (rope), and the lateral vine leads horizontally to the left and right direction of the support. It is best to pull vines in a sunny afternoon.

6. Fertilizer and water management. The application of water for bitter gourd fertilization should be combined with water and fertilizer management, and the principle of "light application at seedling stage and heavy application at flowering and fruiting stage" should be mastered, which can not only ensure the normal growth and development of vine leaves, but also meet the demand for nutrients for continuous flowering and fruiting.

Extended data:

Growth habit of bitter gourd;

1, temperature

Bitter gourd is native to the tropics and requires high temperature, heat resistance and cold resistance. But after long-term cultivation and selection, it has strong adaptability and can adapt to 10-35℃. According to the experimental data, the optimum temperature of bitter gourd seed germination is 30-35℃. Although the seed coat of bitter gourd is thick, it is soaked in warm water leaves at 40-50℃ for 4-6 hours and germinates at a suitable temperature. Germination began after 48 hours, and more than 70% germinated after 60 hours.

2. Lighting equipment

Bitter gourd is a short-day crop, which prefers light to shade. Spring sowing bitter gourd often encounters low temperature, rainy weather and insufficient light, which makes seedlings grow white, leaves yellow, stems and vines sparse, and requires strong light when flowering and fruiting. Sufficient light is beneficial to photosynthesis, accumulating more organic nutrients, increasing fruit setting rate, increasing yield and improving quality.

Step 3: Moisture

Bitter gourd likes humidity, but is afraid of rain and waterlogging. In its growing period, it needs 70-80% air relative temperature and soil relative humidity. In case of long-term rainy weather, or heavy rain leading to poor drainage and poor plant growth, it is easy to have dead seedlings and diseased melons.

4. Land

Bitter gourd has low requirements on soil and wide adaptability, and can be planted all over the country. Generally, it grows well and has high yield on fertile and loose soil with strong moisture retention and fertility.

5. Nutrition

Bitter gourd needs higher fertilizer. If there is enough organic fertilizer, plants will thrive, stems and leaves will flourish, flowers will bear more fruits, and the quality will be good. Especially in the late growth stage, if there is insufficient fertilizer and water, the plant will be weak, with yellow-green leaves, few flowers and fruits, small fruits, increased bitterness and decreased quality. Therefore, timely topdressing, especially in the full fruit stage, requires sufficient nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers.

Baidu encyclopedia-bitter gourd