Climatic characteristics of arid areas in Central Asia

The arid areas in Central Asia include the arid areas in western China, Mongolian Plateau, five Central Asian countries and the arid areas in northern Afghanistan and Pakistan. This region also constitutes the largest non-zonal arid area in the world, and is the core channel for the exchange of East Asian civilization with China as the main part and West Asian civilization in the two river basins, forming the famous Silk Road in history.

Generally divided into two climatic zones: one is arid temperate zone. The accumulated temperature ≥0℃ is 2 100 ~ 4000℃, and the irrigated or dry-farming crops occur once a year, and animal husbandry accounts for a large proportion; The second is the arid and warm temperate zone. When the accumulated temperature is ≥0℃ and 4000 ~ 5700℃, irrigated agriculture can harvest twice a year, and animal husbandry accounts for a certain proportion.

Climate characteristics:?

1. Long sunshine time and strong radiation. Generally, the amount of solar radiation reaches 5400 ~ 6300 MJ/(m2 year); The annual sunshine usually reaches 2500 ~ 3000 hours.

2. The temperature difference between day and night is large. In warm temperate regions, the accumulated temperature is 4000 ~ 4500℃ during ≥ 10℃, and the frost-free period is more than 200 ~ 220 days. Crops can be harvested twice a year, and long-staple cotton can be planted, which is rich in fruits and vegetables. In other areas, the accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ is 1700 ~ 3500℃, and the frost-free period is 100 ~ 200 days. The main crops are spring wheat, millet, potato and flax, which are harvested once a year.

? 3. Water resources are extremely scarce. The annual precipitation is generally below 400 mm, and it is barely possible to carry out dry farming. However, due to nine droughts in ten years, the output is very unstable and it is easy to form a serious desertification problem.

? 4. Rich in wind energy resources. There are many windy days.