? In the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, he ordered the sinking of Ding warship to commit suicide by taking poison and not surrender to the enemy.

The tragic history of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 has passed 120 years, which is unforgettable for generations. The fiasco of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and the signing of treaty of shimonoseki completely shattered the first dream of China people to become a powerful country in modern times, which was a major historical disaster in modern China and also contributed to the awakening and struggle of the Chinese nation. & gt3.5 square kilometers "Soul of Wu Jia" > Standing on the coast, can you hear the roar of the 7500-ton ship Dingyuan when it was sunk by its own people? In that east wing, have you ever imagined a desperate sigh before committing suicide? > the "naval station" witnessed the whole process of the annihilation of the huge beiyang fleet army. & gt Weihai Liu Gongdao covers an area of only 3.5 square kilometers, but the "General Command" of Beiyang Navy was located here during the Sino-Japanese War. Nowadays, the "Beiyang Navy House" with its back to the sea has become a museum, and the words "Navy House" inscribed by Li Hongzhang are still hung on the lintel. & gt In the past thirty years, I have been to Weihai for more than ten times. The earliest time was in19851October. At that time, Weihai was a county-level city in Yantai, Shandong Province. There are only a few three-story or four-story buildings in this city. Tractors belching black smoke whizzed past a street by the sea from time to time. There are no foreign tourists and even few local pedestrians. & gt At that time, Liu Gongdao was originally a military control zone where no idlers were allowed to enter, and it only started to open to the outside world after the reform and opening up. The first time I went to Liu Gongdao, I was sent up by a ship from Weihai Marine Police District of the Navy. At that time, I was completely in the mood of "pilgrimage", but when I stepped into the gate of the "Navy Pavilion" on the island, I was greeted by dilapidated houses and grassy courtyards. Everything looks old and barren, and it is no longer as terrible as before. & gt At that time, just after the establishment of the Cultural Relics Management Office of Beiyang Navy Department, it began to take over/kloc-the once famous "Naval Courtyard" in the late 9th century. Director Qi and several other staff members work on the island. At first, they didn't even have electric lights and running water. They even had to build stoves, collect firewood and make a fire to cook. It usually takes a week or two to go home by boat. But that's the truth. The "pioneers" tried their best to rebuild the dilapidated courtyard step by step, and constantly collected a large number of precious cultural relics of the Beiyang Navy and the Sino-Japanese War, and finally built today's "national first-class scale" museum. & gt Standing in this "naval compound" in Liu Gongdao, wandering between halls and castles, I can't help thinking of those sleepless nights in which gunfire is flying and life and death are struggling. 1At the beginning of February, 895, the Japanese army had occupied three forts on the land of Ahava military port, and Japanese ships in the East China Sea were in the attack position. It was in this naval office that all communication between beiyang fleet and the outside world, such as telegrams and telegrams, was completely interrupted, and Ito Sukeyuki, commander of the Japanese joint fleet, sent the surrender. The prefect was unmoved and came to fight back. On February 1 day, the two sides launched fierce artillery fire. By the end of the war, the Japanese fleet could not get close to the port and was forced to return to the sea. In this way, the fighting day and night lasted for a week, the temperature was extremely low, the cold wind roared, the ammunition was about to run out, and the news of land reinforcements was hopeless. Finally, it was ordered to sink all the remaining warships, but no one responded. In despair and extreme despair, 59-year-old Ding committed suicide by taking poison, and senior generals such as Liu, Liu, Yang Yonglin also committed suicide one after another, and never surrendered to the enemy. The> Naval Courtyard witnessed the whole process of the annihilation of the huge beiyang fleet Army. The wailing whistle seems to be still lingering, which makes us chew the deep pain in history for a long time. & gt At that time, just after the establishment of the Cultural Relics Management Office of Beiyang Navy Department, it began to take over/kloc-the once famous "Naval Courtyard" in the late 9th century. Director Qi and several other staff members work on the island. At first, they didn't even have electric lights and running water. They even had to build stoves, collect firewood and make a fire to cook. It usually takes a week or two to go home by boat. But that's the truth. The "pioneers" tried their best to rebuild the dilapidated courtyard step by step, and constantly collected a large number of precious cultural relics of the Beiyang Navy and the Sino-Japanese War, and finally built today's "national first-class scale" museum. & gt Standing in this "naval compound" in Liu Gongdao, wandering between halls and castles, I can't help thinking of those sleepless nights in which gunfire is flying and life and death are struggling. 1At the beginning of February, 895, the Japanese army had occupied three forts on the land of Ahava military port, and Japanese ships in the East China Sea were in the attack position. It was in this naval office that beiyang fleet's telegrams, telegrams and all other contacts with the outside world were completely interrupted, and Ito Sukeyuki, commander of the Japanese joint fleet, sent a letter of surrender. Taishouding was unmoved and came to fight back. On February 1 day, the two sides launched fierce artillery fire. By the end of the war, the Japanese fleet could not get close to the port and was forced to return to the sea. In this way, the fighting day and night lasted for a week, the temperature was extremely low, the cold wind roared, the ammunition was about to run out, and the news of land reinforcements was hopeless. Finally, it was ordered to sink all the remaining warships, but no one responded. In despair and extreme despair, 59-year-old Ding committed suicide by taking poison, and senior generals such as Liu, Liu, Yang Yonglin also committed suicide one after another, and never surrendered to the enemy. & gt "Naval Pavilion" witnessed the whole process of the annihilation of the mighty beiyang fleet Army, and the lingering sound of the wailing whistle seemed to haunt us, making us chew the deep hidden pain of history for a long time. & gt The size of the football field scares the Japanese army > In the south of Liu Gongdao, there is an isolated island drifting in the bay called Ridao, which is only the size of a football field and doesn't even have a dock for ships to dock, so few people can visit it except a few fishermen rocking sampans, and even researchers of the Sino-Japanese War rarely visit it. & gt But it was on this small island that an extremely fierce artillery battle took place 120 years ago, which was a rare "victory to scare off the Japanese army" in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. & gt According to the historical records of the Japanese army, "In this campaign, the enemy battery was quite capable of fighting. With eight cannons against more than 20 ships of our fleet, they skillfully operated and slammed into our ship. & gt1in the autumn of 986, the Weihai Marine Police District of the Navy sent a landing craft to send me to Japan Island, so that I could have a field trip and pay a visit to the sacred land of blood of the heroes in the Sino-Japanese War. & gt In sharp contrast to the battlefield of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, due to long-term sparsely populated, the whole island is lush and there is no garbage. Snow-white seabirds live freely here, showing a quiet and peaceful scene of a paradise on the sea. The sunken fort on the island still retains its original appearance at the end of the Sino-Japanese War. The bullet marks of the battery are clearly visible. The circular fortifications of the fort built by laying bricks or stones are still strong, and there are traces of falling on the stone wall. & gt During the defending war of Liu Gongdao in February 1895, the naval soldier Sa Zhenbing personally led a sailor detachment to the frozen island of Japan, and had an extremely fierce artillery battle with the Japanese army, which dealt a heavy blow to the enemy. Ken Ningxian, the Beiyang Navy who participated in the war at that time, recorded the fierce battle: "From the beginning to the end of the battle, the mud island was in front of the artillery fire of the third battery on the south bank; After the ground trap gun rose, it became the target of the third company. These guns are not attached with mirrors, so people who carry guns must go to the battery. As a result, these people will be shelled by the other side immediately, which is a very dangerous position; But the young sailors still stick to these guns and bravely distribute them. Once, three sailors guarded a gun and braved fierce bombardment. One of them was injured in the neck, legs and arms due to shell explosion, but the first-degree injury was bandaged, and he still resolutely returned to his post and assisted with one hand. & gt Sazhenbing who led the troops to defend the enemy of Nijima to the death > In the fierce battle, the ammunition depot of Nijima Fort was hit by Japanese artillery fire, causing a violent explosion. Ding, the supreme commander of Beiyang battlefield, had to order the garrison officers and soldiers of Ji Ma to be taken back by ship. & gt More than a hundred years later, under the warm autumn sunshine, the old battlefield that was once roaring with artillery was silent, and only the sound of waves came to our ears. Yellow grass proudly grows around the century-old battery, and looks like a delicate "big garland", showing a vigorous heroic spirit and an eternal respect. How can people feel inferior when the grass is like this? Standing on the battery, I think of the heroic feats of the heroes in the Sino-Japanese War, which makes people sincerely admire. & gt Sazhenbing who led the troops to defend the enemy of Nijima to the death > In the fierce battle, the ammunition depot of Nijima Fort was hit by Japanese artillery fire, causing a violent explosion. Ding, the supreme commander of Beiyang battlefield, had to order the garrison officers and soldiers of Ji Ma to be taken back by ship. & gt More than a hundred years later, under the warm autumn sunshine, the old battlefield that was once roaring with artillery was silent, and only the sound of waves came to our ears. Yellow grass proudly grows around the century-old battery, and looks like a delicate "big garland", showing a vigorous heroic spirit and an eternal respect. How can people feel inferior when the grass is like this? Standing on the battery, I think of the heroic feats of the heroes in the Sino-Japanese War, which makes people sincerely admire. & gt surprise attack on Huayuankou > There were 24,049 Japanese troops and 2,740 war horses, and a lot of equipment landed 14 days without any interference. & gt The Qing army has no prejudgment and no defense, which is a wonder in the history of war. & gt During the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Japanese army successfully carried out a large-scale landing operation for 14 days at Huayuankou, the eastern end of Liaodong Peninsula. & gt20 13, 10 At the end of the year, I accompanied the National Defense University "Wu Jia, Wu Jia! The TV crew once again embarked on the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 in Liaodong, and made the first on-the-spot investigation of the Japanese landing site in Huayuankou, zhuanghe city. Although the example of Japanese landing has been written into my research works for many times, when I personally boarded the steep reef plate at Huayuankou seaside, facing the seaside environment which was extremely unfavorable to the landing of large troops, I thought that 24,049 officers and men, 2,740 war horses and a large number of equipment of the Second Army of the Japanese army did not encounter any resistance from the Qing army in 14 days, and I was able to complete the "peaceful landing" with great swagger. & gt Huayuankou is a small port in the eastern coastal central part of Liaodong Peninsula. Now it belongs to Liewen Township, Zhuanghe, Liaoning Province, about 100 km southwest of Dalian Bay. As can be seen from the scene, the south-facing harbor is surrounded by mountains on three sides, and the two ends of the port are about 3000 meters apart. The harbor and nearby beaches are shallow and flat. At high tide, the water depth is only 3 meters, and there are many reefs on the shore. Regrettably, the Qing army did not deploy troops in advance in this place where it is easy to set up landing defensive positions. & gt At Huayuankou, 1894 10.30, the Japanese army landed with a small sampan >: According to the existing historical data of the Japanese army, the Japanese navy and army sent two operational staff officers in advance to take the cruiser "Gaoqianhu" to conduct on-the-spot reconnaissance in the eastern coastal waters of Liaodong Peninsula. After close observation, the army staff thought that the geographical conditions of Huayuankou coast were not suitable for landing, but the navy still insisted on Huayuankou as the landing site. As the weather became colder and colder, in order to avoid delaying the fighters for a long time, the Japanese base camp finally decided to adopt the opinions of the navy. & gt Japanese war history shows that 1894, 10/On the morning of October 23rd, the first troops of the First Division of the Second Army of the Japanese Army set out on the transport ship 16, and anchored at the sea outside Huayuankou the next morning. At dawn, the Japanese changed the sampan towed by a small motorboat and landed at Huayuankou, and immediately planted a sun flag on the shore. The invaders set foot on the coast of China. At 6: 438 in the morning, Lieutenant General shinya yamanaka, the division commander, also led his troops to the coast of Huayuankou. When he found that there were no China soldiers and civilians in the whole coastal area, he immediately sent a reconnaissance team to disguise the intelligence personnel to go south. On 26th, General ōyama Iwao, commander of the Second Army of the Japanese Army, led the second batch of landing troops ashore and immediately deployed to attack Jinzhou. & gt From Huayuankou, the nearshore beach is flat and shallow, and the anchorage is three or four nautical miles away from the coast. Imagine that Japanese motorboats can only go back and forth to the sampan two or three times a day and night. At low tide, muddy shoals with a depth of1500m will appear, which will stop the landing troops and slow down the Japanese landing. Judging from the actual situation, it was not until165438+10.6 that all the third Japanese landing troops landed, which lasted for half a month. & gt This landing operation can be described as a miracle in the history of war, because it was a large-scale landing invasion that only listened to the sound of waves and ignored the sound of guns. Not only did the Qing army fail to judge or scout the landing site in advance and set up defensive positions, but it also did not take any kind of combat action to resist or harass the Japanese army during the nearly half-month landing. The Japanese army, which was originally extremely concealed, took the lead. If attacked by many Beiyang ships, the Japanese army will also fall into chaos. & gt Judging from the existing historical photos, the Japanese army camped at the mouth of the Garden and rested leisurely, without the slightest scene of war smoke. It was not until the Japanese invaded Jinzhou south that they officially exchanged fire with the Qing army. Zhao Huaiye, commander-in-chief of the Huai army stationed in Dalian Bay, led his troops to retreat to Lushunkou by night so that the Japanese army could occupy the defensive position without bloodshed. The Japanese army found the distribution map of mines in Dalian Bay from the seized items, so it was easy to quickly remove mines, so that Japanese ships could safely sail into the dock and the defense line collapsed. & gt Our biggest feeling at Huayuankou is that this strange "lost" shows that the early warning and defense ability of the Qing army is low and it has lost its due coping ability, which led to the Japanese army landing at will under such unfavorable geographical conditions, resulting in an extremely passive situation in the early days of the war. & gt The largest dock in the Far East > Witness the "Centennial Excellent Project" > Liaodong Peninsula, which faces Shandong Peninsula across the sea, was also an important battlefield in the Sino-Japanese War of 120 years ago, and naturally became my destination for many times. & gt Lushunkou, located at the southernmost tip of Liaodong Peninsula, was a coastal town of Megatron Far East at that time. It is adjacent to the Yellow Sea in the east and the Bohai Sea in the west, close to the Laotieshan Waterway, which enters and exits the Bohai Sea. Lushun Port, which is naturally unfrozen, is slender from east to west and narrow from north to south. The entrance is only 9 feet at its narrowest point, so it is full. The harbor is calm all the year round, and it can berth huge ships. 1887, Li Hongzhang personally visited Lushunkou, thinking that the water here is not frozen and there is no shortage of contacts. If you advance, you can fight, if you retreat, you can defend, and if you leave, you can control the main points. It is really "a brief place for the navy", and he concluded that "it is difficult to find such terrain on the northern coast". Overlooking Lushun Wharf > In order to meet the maintenance of Beiyang Navy ships, Li Hongzhang chose to build a super-large wharf on the east side of the port area after on-the-spot investigation, which was called the largest wharf in the Far East and Asia at that time. & gt Dock is a large-scale hydraulic structure specially used for building ships. The wharf in Lushunkou was built by engineering consultants from Germany and France, which took nearly ten years and cost nearly 654.38+0.402 million silver. & gt 1882, Yuan Lingbao (uncle of Yuan Shikai), who was in charge of Beiyang Coastal Defence Camp, was also the general manager of Lushun Port and Wharf Project. He fulfilled his duties and made great contributions to ensuring the quality of the big house project, and finally broke down from constant overwork at the construction site of 1889 Lushun big house. When Li Hongzhang visited Lushunkou, he saw the achievements in the construction of the coastal defense camp and once praised Yuan: "The Lushun battery camp is solid and can be defended, thanks to the power of the package. When Yi Xuan, the First Minister of the Navy and Prince of Alcohol, personally read Lushunkou, he thought that Lushunkou was "well-decorated in coastal defense and particularly effective in bowling". From today's perspective, Lushun Mansion is indeed an excellent project with excellent value for money, which can be called "a century-long plan". Overlooking Lushun Wharf > In order to meet the maintenance of Beiyang Navy ships, Li Hongzhang chose to build a super-large wharf on the east side of the port area after on-the-spot investigation, which was called the largest wharf in the Far East and Asia at that time. & gt Dock is a large-scale hydraulic structure specially used for building ships. The wharf in Lushunkou was built by engineering consultants from Germany and France, which took nearly ten years and cost nearly 654.38+0.402 million silver. & gt 1882, Yuan Lingbao (uncle of Yuan Shikai), who was in charge of Beiyang Coastal Defence Camp, was also the general manager of Lushun Port and Wharf Project. He fulfilled his duties and made great contributions to ensuring the quality of the big house project, and finally broke down from constant overwork at the construction site of 1889 Lushun big house. When Li Hongzhang visited Lushunkou, he saw the achievements in the construction of the coastal defense camp and once praised Yuan: "The Lushun battery camp is solid and can be defended, thanks to the power of the package. When Yi Xuan, the First Minister of the Navy and Prince of Alcohol, personally read Lushunkou, he thought that Lushunkou was "well-decorated in coastal defense and particularly effective in bowling". From today's perspective, Lushun Mansion is indeed an excellent project with excellent value for money, which can be called "a century-long plan". & gt In 1986 and 1988, after strict examination and approval procedures, I was able to enter the Navy 48 10 factory twice to inspect Lushun Mansion in the factory area. Standing in front of the dock, I was shocked by what I saw. The huge dock body is all made of stone step by step. After more than a hundred years of wind, frost and rain, the original beach-colored stone surface has turned dark brown with oil stains, as if silently telling the vicissitudes of a hundred years of history. & gt According to historical records, Lushun Donggang Wharf can berth large warships, with a length of138m, a width of 4 1 m and a depth of12.6m.. The harbor basin is built of Shandong square stone. There is a railway connection around Dawu, and three sides are equipped with large cranes and coal conveyors. Rows of maintenance service workshops were built according to the mountain situation, and several protective fortresses were installed on the surrounding hills. & gt Walk slowly along the stone steps to the bottom of the dock and look up at the guided missile destroyer being overhauled in the dock. You will suddenly feel the strong contrast between the huge hull of the warship and the smallness of your own body. After two large-scale wars, the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War, this dock, which was built in the 1980s of 19, is still as strong as ever. Since the late Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China and New China, it has been playing the role of stopping and repairing large ships, and even today in the 20th century, it continues to provide reliable maintenance support for large ships of the People's Navy. & gt postscript > after experiencing so many old battlefields of the Sino-Japanese War, the greatest feeling is that today, when the Sino-Japanese War comes again, we are still facing unavoidable severe external challenges. We must conscientiously sum up historical experience and lessons, break the fetters of Qiang Bing as a rich country with the determination of a strong man to break his wrist, and vigorously implement innovation and change. As long as we unite to do China's own thing well and thoroughly solve all kinds of hidden dangers and problems before the decisive battle and outside the battlefield, the historical tragedy before 120 will never repeat itself! & gt It is worth mentioning that in recent years, some powerful private enterprises and entrepreneurs spontaneously raised funds and completed the project of replicating the Sino-Japanese War Battleship in the old battlefield. For example, on the north side of the passenger terminal of Weihai Port, people can see a huge black-and-white warship with a yellow dragon flag flying high. This is a copy of the 7335-ton flagship Dingyuan of Beiyang Navy according to the ratio of 1: 1. For another example, not long ago, news came from dandong port, Liaoning Province, another site of the Sino-Japanese War, that the replica project of the Deng Shichang cruiser Zhiyuan Ship had been fully launched. It is expected that on September 17, the "Fuxing Zhiyuan Ship" will smoothly slide off the slipway and become an important carrier of the newly-built Sino-Japanese War Memorial Hall. & gt