Recently, I ordered a lot of white wine at home, and I want to know the relevant knowledge!

white wine is made from high-quality grapes, and is made by fermentation and aging according to the production technology of international famous wines. The alcohol content is 12%, the sugar content is below 1.5%, and the hygienic index conforms to the national regulations. The liquor is fruity green, clear and transparent, with refreshing smell, rich aroma, long aftertaste, rich nutrition, and has the effects of relaxing muscles and tendons, promoting blood circulation, caring skin and moistening lung.

white wine: a wine drink made from white grapes such as Chardonnay and Riesling or red grapes with red skins, which is light yellow or golden in color, clear and transparent, rich in fruit aroma and refreshing in taste. White wine is not white, just as white grapes are not white. The color of white wine is generally pale yellow, with approximately colorless or yellow and golden yellow. Chardonnay, Qiong Yao pulp and white grape liqueur will be yellower with the increase of storage time!

wine is a kind of beverage wine made from grapes by fermentation. Its color, fruity taste and mellow flavor are different due to different varieties, producing areas and advantages and disadvantages of grapes. It can be divided into white wine, red wine and rose wine. The alcohol content is generally 8% ~ 16%, which is an elegant beverage with sweet and mellow taste, rich nutrition and can prevent and treat many diseases. It first prevailed in France, Europe, America and all over the world. In recent years, it has also become an indispensable drink on the dining table and celebrations of our people.

White Wine is made from grapes with lighter colors, and the peel is removed during brewing.

generally, the alcohol content is 8% ~ 16%. If it is lower than 8%, it is not considered as wine. If it is higher than 16%, the alcohol in wine will kill most fungi, such as yeast, which is the necessary fungus for wine brewing.

Classification

Chardonnay

Also known as Chardonnay and Chardonnay: the ear is short and cylindrical, with an average weight of 264 grams, the maximum ear weight of 4 grams, and the fruit grains are nearly round, yellow-green, with an average weight of 1.4 grams per fruit. The juice yield is 81.3% and the soluble solid content is 17.7% per fruit. It germinates in late February, blooms from late March to early April, and ripens in early July. The average growth period is about 134 days, and the effective accumulated temperature is 2492.7℃. It has strong adaptability, consistent fruit maturity, high juice yield and soluble solid content, and is the best variety for making single-variety liquor.

Originated from Burgundy, it is the most popular wine grape in the world at present, and it belongs to early-maturing variety. Because it is suitable for all types of climate, cold tolerance, high and stable yield and easy to cultivate, it has been planted in almost all wine-producing areas around the world. The calcareous soil with marl is the best soil quality. Chardonnay is the most suitable variety for liquor culture in oak barrels, and its

Chardonnay

is rich in wine aroma and mellow in taste, which can become richer and mellow after long-term storage. Mainly to make dry white wine and sparkling wine.

with the change of the environment in the producing area, the characteristics of Chardonnay also change; In the calcareous native areas with cold weather, such as Chablis and Champagne, the wine has high acidity and light alcohol, and the green fruits such as green apples are the main aroma; Milder producing areas, such as Napa Valley and Magongnei, have a softer taste, and tropical fruits, such as cantaloupe, are mainly mature and strong. The sparkling wine made by Chardonnay is the best in champagne region of France, and Baiqiu is the most famous in this region.

China was first introduced to Shacheng, Hebei Province by France in 1979, and then introduced from France, the United States and Australia many times. At present, it is cultivated in Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi and Xinjiang. Qingdao and Shacheng in China all use it as raw material for brewing high-grade dry white wine.

Riesling

Yi Silin is also called Riesling, Lisling and Yi Silin. If Chardonnay is the king of white grapes, then Yi Silin is the queen of white grapes. The wine brewed with coix seed is slightly sweet, and usually has the taste of pear or fresh melon.

its origin has always been a mystery, and the earliest planting record is in the Rhine region of Germany. It is the best and meticulous variety in Germany and Alsace. It is a late-maturing type, suitable for cold tolerance in continental climate (such as the Rhine), and is mostly planted on sunny slopes and sandy clay, with high yield and the highest among high-quality varieties.

riesling

the grape varieties produced by yi silin have obvious characteristics, and the elegant floral fragrance is mixed with plant fragrance, which is often accompanied by honey and mineral fragrance. Strong acidity, but often can be balanced with the sweet taste of wine; Rich, meticulous and balanced, it is very suitable for long-term storage.

In addition to the production of dry liquor, the quality of late-picked and expensive-rotted sweet liquor is excellent, even if the maturity is too high, it can often maintain high acidity, and its fragrance is strong and elegant. After decades of aging, the quality can be comparable to Semillon.

sauvignon blanc

sauvignon blanc is a popular white wine grape. Picked when ripe, the brewed wine has the aroma of lemon, green apple or herb, sometimes with the smell of pepper. The wine brewed by early-picked Sauvignon Blanc has a strong grassy flavor. Sauvignon Blanc has a higher acidity than Chardonnay, and its body is light and generally dry. Most of these wines from Europe have no oak flavor, while those from California usually have oak flavor.

Sauvignon Blanc

Sauvignon Blanc is native to Bordeaux, France, and is suitable for mild climate. Lime soil is the best soil quality, and it is often called Fume Blanc. It is mainly used to make dry white wine suitable for young people to drink, or to mix Semillon to make expensive rotten white wine.

The wine produced by Sauvignon Blanc has a strong sour taste, a strong spicy taste, a strong aroma and a unique flavor, which is very easy to identify. Green apple and gooseberry mixed with plant fragrance (such as grass fragrance and black tea deer tooth fragrance) are the most common, while flint flavor and white fruit flavor are often found in calcareous soil, and cat urine flavor often appears when it is over-ripe. But compared with other fine varieties, it is simple and not rich and changeable.

Xie Ning

, also known as Shiraz, was first widely planted in the Loire Valley of France, and is now widely cultivated in California, Australia, South Africa and South America. Suitable for mild maritime climate and lime and silica soil, the wine produced often has honey and floral fragrance, strong taste and strong acidity. Its dry liquor and sparkling wine are of good quality, and most of them are suitable for young people to drink. The better ones, such as Savennieres in Royal River, can also be aged.

Bai Shinan

White Xie Ning wine is a kind of fruity wine, some of which are extremely dry, some are slightly sweet, and some have higher sweetness. The best quality white Xie Ning has high acidity, round texture and unusual color, which is deeply golden yellow after aging. It can be stored for 5 years or even longer. Its bouquet is particularly reminiscent of the fragrance of fresh peaches, and Bai Xiening brewed from grapes picked early has a faint fragrance of grass and herbs.

It was introduced from France many times around p>199. At present, it is widely cultivated in Shacheng, Changli, Beijing, Qingdao, Penglai, Longkou, Shanshan, Xinjiang and Danfeng, Shaanxi. This variety is a famous French variety for brewing sweet white, dry white, sparkling and harmonious wine; The wine has good quality, light yellow color, full acidity and rich honey fruit aroma, and is one of the excellent varieties for brewing white wine. At present, many wineries in China have cultivated it, but it is a promising variety to prepare white wine by controlling the output and strengthening the prevention and control of white rot and gray mold.

Semillon

originated from Bordeaux, France, but Chile has the widest planting area, followed by France, and it is mainly planted in Bordeaux. Although it is not popular, it is produced all over the world. Suitable for mild climate, high yield, small grapes, high sugar content and easy oxidation.

Compared with other important varieties of Semillon, the characteristics of dry liquor are not obvious, and the wine is light in flavor, thick in taste and often insufficient in acidity. Therefore, Sauvignon is often mixed to make up for its deficiency, which is suitable for drinking when young. Some producing areas, such as Bejsak-Leiaoliang, can enrich their wine aroma and last longer by fermentation and culture in oak barrels.

Semillon is famous for producing expensive rotten liquor. Grape skin is suitable for the growth of Botrytis cinerea mold, which not only absorbs water from grapes and increases the sugar content of Semillon, but also increases the tartrate due to the chemical changes it produces on grape skin, and produces special rich flavors such as honey and sugar-stained fruits.

Pinot Blanc

Also known as Baigendi, Baimeiniang and Baipinle. Eurasian species. Originally from France, it was selected from the asexual variation of Pinot Grigio, and many countries and regions listed it as the standard variety for brewing white wine and champagne. China was introduced from Hungary in 1951. Now it is cultivated in China, Hebei, Shandong, Liaoning, Henan and Beijing.

the tender shoots are green with dark purple-red additional color and sparse villi. The leaves are large, shallowly divided, wrinkled, with sparse fluff on the back, and the petiole depression is closed, almost closed. Flowers are bisexual. The ear is medium-large, with an average weight of 247.2g and a maximum ear weight of 43g g. It is conical or cylindrical-conical, with no secondary ear or small secondary ear. The fruit grains are tight or extremely tight, with an average grain weight of 2.3g, nearly round and greenish yellow. The juice yield is 79.6%, the soluble solid content is 14.8% ~ 21.3%, and the acid content is .46% ~ .92%. The wine made from it is light golden yellow, clear and shiny, with pleasant fruit and wine aroma, full and complete, soft and refreshing, mellow and round, fat in constitution, long aftertaste and excellent in wine quality.

the plant growth potential is moderate or strong. The fruiting branches accounted for 42.4% of the total number of bud eyes, and the average number of fruit ears on each fruiting branch was 1.76, with a medium yield. The growth days from germination to full maturity of the fruit are 133 ~ 15 days, and the active accumulated temperature is 31.1-3368.5℃. It matures from late August to early September in Beijing and mid-September in Shacheng, and it is a medium-mature variety. Moderate disease resistance, no fruit cracking and no sunburn. It is suitable for hedgerow cultivation and pruning at the middle tip.

Pinot Noir is an excellent variety for making champagne and white wine. If it is brewed with Pinot Noir and Pinot Grigio, it can produce very high-grade champagne. It is suitable for cultivation in most parts of North China, southern Liaoning and Shandong.

Ugni blanc

Also known as Bai Yu neon. Eurasian species. Originated in France, it is one of the three famous varieties used to brew brandy in France. China was introduced from Bulgaria in 1957, and then from German and French in 198s. Now Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Shaanxi, Xinjiang and other provinces (autonomous regions) have cultivation.

The appearance of tender shoots is very similar to that of "Jiali Brewing", with yellow-green background, no additional color and dense fluff. The leaf blade is large, heart-shaped, five-lobed, with deep or deep upper fissure, closed, oval gap, shallow lower fissure, open, smooth leaf surface, dense spider-silk hair on the back of the leaf, straight serrations on both sides of the leaf margin, and oval petiole depression. Amphoteric flowers. The ear is large, with an average weight of 442.1g, and the largest ear is 78g, which is oblong and conical, without secondary ear or with secondary ear. The fruit grains are closely planted, with an average grain weight of 2.6g, round, yellow-green, medium-thick skin, soft meat, 7% juice yield, sweet and sour taste, 18% soluble solid content and .8% acid content. The wine made from it is straw yellow, clear and transparent, mellow and refreshing, with a long aftertaste and excellent wine quality.

the plant has strong growth potential. The fruiting branches account for 38.3% ~ 5% of the total number of bud eyes, and the average number of fruit ears on each fruiting branch is about 1.5, which is of high yield. The growth days from germination to full maturity of the fruit are 138 days, and the active accumulated temperature is 33℃. It is a mid-late maturing variety in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province from late August to early September, early September in Beijing and mid-September in Shacheng. Weak disease resistance, susceptible to diseases such as white rot, anthrax, downy mildew, etc., without cracking the fruit, it will burn every day. Scaffolding and hedgerow can be cultivated, and medium and short tips should be pruned.

Baiyuni is an excellent variety for brandy and dry white wine. It is suitable for cultivation in arid and well-drained areas in northern China.

Colombard

Colombard is also known as colomba. Native to France, Eurasian species. China was introduced from France to Beijing, Yantai, Shandong and other places in 1974.

The white shoots and young leaves of pigeon coop are yellow-green. Annual branches are yellow-brown. In the mature leaves, the leaves are heart-shaped, the petiole is saggy, and the autumn leaves are yellow. Amphoteric flowers. The ear of the fruit is small, conical, and the fruit is medium-compact, medium-sized, oval, light yellow, weighing 19-24 g, and each fruit has 1-2 seeds. The meat is soft and juicy and tastes sweet and sour. Berry, sugar content 15 ~ 18 g/L, acid content 7 ~ log/L, juice yield 7 ~ 75%. The wine is light yellow, clear and transparent, fruity and slightly acidic.

The pigeon-cage white plant has strong growth potential, high bud eye germination rate, strong seed setting, medium yield, strong adaptability and disease resistance.

This variety, together with Baiyuni and Baifuer, are excellent varieties for brewing brandy. However, from the comprehensive characteristics, it is not as good as the first two varieties, and can be planted in places where conditions permit.

Edit the nutritional ingredients in this paragraph

1. Wine contains nutrients such as sugar, alcohol, organic acid, inorganic salts and vitamins, which have different benefits for human development;

2. Wine is the only alkaline alcoholic drink, which can neutralize the big fish and meat

white wine

and acidic foods such as rice and flour that modern people eat every day, reduce bad cholesterol in blood and promote digestion;

3. Wine contains antioxidant components and rich phenolic compounds, which can prevent arteriosclerosis and platelet coagulation, protect and maintain the normal physiological function of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems, and play a role in protecting the heart and preventing stroke;

4. Drinking wine has a good beauty beauty effect on women, which can nourish qi and promote blood circulation and make the skin elastic;

5. Grape skin contains resveratrol, which has the best anti-cancer performance among hundreds of plants commonly eaten by human beings. This component can prevent normal cells from becoming cancerous and inhibit the spread of cancer cells. Red wine is made from the whole fruit of grapes, so it is a good product to prevent cancer;

6. Red wine contains more antioxidants, which can eliminate or fight oxygen free radicals, so it has the function of anti-aging and disease prevention, and can also prevent Alzheimer's disease if it is drunk frequently.

Edible Guide

Choosing

White wine is especially inclined to be sold when it is tender. This is not a problem for most white wines, because they are suitable for drinking when they are light and tender. But if you want to buy a bottle of ripe Burgundy white wine, it will be very difficult. For this reason, it is necessary to collect wine.

make sure you have a suitable place to store white wine. The cellar is an ideal place, but for those who live in a modern house without a cellar and only store a small amount of wine, it will be ideal to buy a special electric wine storage cabinet to store it. If you can only store wine in the kitchen or living room, don't leave it for too long. If stored improperly, the wine will go bad, so your money will be wasted.

White wine

The number of wine shops is increasing every year. There are no longer traditional wine sellers and wine shops. Almost every grocer owns a series of wines, and the quality of the wines is always good.

Street grocery stores or overnight convenience stores are good places for daily emergencies. We have all encountered such a situation: when we suddenly ask for some kind of wine, it is not on our grape sprinkling storage list. Variety may be limited, storage may be problematic, and price