Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather inquiry - What is acid rain? How to prevent it?
What is acid rain? How to prevent it?
How is acid rain formed?
Topography, landforms, and meteorological conditions, such as various atmospheric circulations, weather systems, wind directions, wind speeds, etc., are closely related to the deposition, diffusion, and transport of atmospheric pollutants and the formation of acid rain. Basin terrain and low-pressure weather systems are often not conducive to the diffusion of pollutants and aggravate the accumulation of pollutants; weather controlled by high-pressure systems, open terrain, and high wind speeds are prone to the diffusion of pollutants. For example, the Sichuan Basin in my country is mountainous, the frequency of calm winds reaches 73%, and the atmospheric stratification is stable, which is not conducive to the dilution and diffusion of sulfur dioxide, and acid rain will be formed during precipitation.
1. The process of converting sulfide into acid rain:
Sulfur dioxide is emitted into the air and usually produces sulfurous acid, but this sulfuric acid is a weakly acidic substance, and we generally The sulfuric acid is a strong acid, so how is it converted? This is because it is difficult for sulfur dioxide in pure air to undergo a conversion reaction. However, it often passes through a series of gas phase, liquid phase or solid phase through polluted air. The reaction reacts with oxygen in the air to convert sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide. The reaction equation is: 2SO2+O2=2SO3. The formed SO3 reacts with water to produce highly acidic sulfuric acid and falls to the ground. The reaction equation is: SO3 +H2O=H2SO4.
2. The process of converting nitrogen oxides into acid rain:
Car exhaust emissions form NO, which can easily form NO2 in the air. Another situation is: NO in the air during thunder and lightning weather Nitrogen easily reacts with oxygen to form nitric oxide, which then undergoes an oxidation reaction to form nitrogen dioxide, which then reacts with water vapor in the air to form nitric acid and falls to the ground. The reaction equations are: N2+O2=2NO (discharge) 2NO+O2=2NO23NO2+H2O=2HNO3+NO.
Therefore, the formation of acid rain is promoted through a series of reactions, but we should control its root causes to achieve the effect.
The hazards of acid rain: include the following
1. Because acid rain is acidic, it will pollute cultivated land, destroy the acid-base balance of cultivated land, and lead to reduced crop yields or even no harvests;
< p>2. Acid rain will pollute surface water and groundwater, affect the quality of drinking water, and also have an adverse impact on fisheries that use surface water for production;3. Acid rain will harm forests, grasslands, etc., destroy The normal growth of vegetation can, in severe cases, cause the death of patches of grass and trees;
4. Acid rain has a corrosive effect on various industrial and civil buildings, especially those with various metal structures, and dissolves non-metals The surface of building materials hardens cement, which reduces the strength and safety of the structure, thereby damaging the building and shortening its service life;
5. In short, acid rain can comprehensively invade the entire ecological environment, and it is even more harmful to human health. Direct or indirect hazards: The human body's acid resistance is higher than its alkali resistance. If you often use weak alkaline washing powder to wash clothes without gloves, your hands will become rough, but the cuticle of the skin will be better when exposed to acid. However, the eyes The cornea and respiratory mucosa are very sensitive to acids. Acid rain or acid mist has a significant irritating effect on these organs, easily leading to pink eye and bronchitis, coughing, and lung disease. This is a direct impact of acid rain on human health. On the other hand, the acidification of farmland soil causes harmful metals, such as mercury, cadmium, lead, etc., that were originally fixed in soil minerals to dissolve again, and then are absorbed and enriched by food and vegetables. Humans can easily become poisoned and sick after ingesting this. It is the indirect impact of acid rain on human health.
It can be seen that acid rain mainly affects human health in three ways: first, absorption through skin deposition, causing direct harm to the human body; second, inhalation of sulfur and nitrogen oxides through the respiratory tract, Cause acute and chronic respiratory diseases; the third is the toxic effects of trace metals from the earth's surface. Acid rain has terrible potential harm to human health, but it is often ignored. Acid rain can really be described as the "god of death" wandering in the sky.
Measures to prevent and control acid rain: what we can do as individuals
The only way to prevent acid rain is to control the discharge of pollutants that cause acid rain, so as to reduce man-made acid rain.
This means reducing the burning of fossil fuels, so controlling emissions from vehicles and factories is a very important step.
This can be done by limiting the use of fossil fuels and focusing on more sustainable energy sources such as solar and wind.
In addition, for us personally, we can reduce the use of vehicles. Using public transport, walking or cycling can help reduce pollutant emissions.
We can also minimize the use of electricity provided by burning fossil fuels and instead use electricity provided by the sun.
As long as fossil fuels are used, the problem of acid rain will always exist, so we should pay attention to it and prevent acid rain, starting from me. Otherwise, the fossil fuels we humans burn to obtain energy may endanger our health and the environment we depend on in the form of acid rain.
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