What are some interesting places in the suburbs of Guilin?

I recommend you to climb Yaoshan, because my school Guilin Institute of Aerospace Industry is very close to Yaoshan, and I often go there, which is very good, especially if three or five people go together.

Yaoshan (also known as Niu Shan) is located in the eastern suburb of Guilin, Guangxi, with a north-south trend, with an altitude of 909.3 meters and a relative height of 760 meters. It is the highest peak in Guilin, named after the legend that Yao Di Temple was built on the western slope of Yaoshan Mountain in Qin Dynasty. According to historical records, Yaoshan was originally an island in the ancient sea of Guilin, and it was also the only earth mountain in Guilin at that time.

Now, Yaoshan has become synonymous with a scenic spot.

impression

Yaoshan Mountain is one after another, with magnificent momentum and rich vegetation. The whole mountain integrates folk customs, scenery, history and modernity, and is a good place for citizens and tourists to spend their holidays.

This scene of azaleas in Yaoshan is only available in late spring and March. At this time, Yaoshan has become a sea of rhododendrons, and all kinds of rhododendrons compete for beauty, including purple, green, red, orange, pink and ochre.

Winter snow in Yaoshan is only available in winter. At this time, there is snow on the mountain, overlooking a silvery white, which is suspected to have reached the north.

Because the top of the mountain is very high, you can see the whole Guilin City from here, and you can clearly see the composition of the whole city. You can see all the peaks in your eyes, a kind of "other mountains look short under the sky." Pride arises spontaneously. It is another pleasure to see the bright lights in the mountain city at night. Yan Zhenqing's Winter Snow in Yaoshan in the Ming Dynasty said: "The north wind from the east blows down the distant snow and sprinkles it on the top of Yaoshan, which is the most magical." As the saying goes, "You can't see the landscape of Guilin until you reach the top of Dingyao Mountain".

At the foot of the mountain, there are well-equipped landscape golf clubs and more than 300 tombs of Jingjiang kings in Ming Dynasty. In order to provide convenience for tourists, the roads on the mountain go directly to the top of the mountain, and there are electric climbing ropeways. There are towering TV towers and well-equipped guest houses on the top of the mountain.

prescribe a diet

Some Guilin people have built orchards and opened restaurants in Yaoshan area. The famous dishes here are spring chicken and vinegar blood duck, which are cheap and the tableware is disinfected by the city center.

Yaoshan sunrise

The sunrise in Yaoshan is particularly beautiful because there are mountains in Guilin. At sunrise, the smoke filled the mountains and the sun rose from the opposite side. Due to the refraction of fog and the embellishment of mountain green, the overall color is distinct, and the mountains are majestic and mysterious.

Tianci Tian and Tianci Quan

There are several acres of fertile land in front of Shoufo Temple, halfway up Yaoshan Mountain, which is said to have been given by Emperor Yaodi. No matter how good the weather is every year, the local people call it a "heaven-sent field". The monks of Baiyun Temple and Shoufo Temple have been farming for generations, which is called "Xiangchang". In the Qing dynasty, incense flourished here and it was also a religious resort. The water in the field is naturally left by Yu Ruquan, and it will never stop.

God-given spring is in Yaoshan deep stream. The spring here gushes from the cave on the top of the mountain. The water is cool and sweet and never dries up. Yaoshan tea brewed with Tianci Spring is fragrant and deeply loved by local people. About 100 meters from the top of the mountain, there is a "God-given Spring" beside the highway to commemorate this spring.

temple

Shoufo Temple is next to the Heaven-sent Field halfway up Yaoshan Mountain. Due to years of disrepair, the stone foundation is still well preserved. This temple was built in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and a stone arch building was built after reconstruction. According to records, it was originally built as a three-bay, with the main hall in the middle and the secondary hall on the side, and the primary and secondary rooms were connected by doors.

Bailu Temple is located on the mountainside of Yaoshan Mountain. The original site was built in Yao Temple during the Qin Dynasty. Later, Bailuyuan Zen Master lived here in the Tang Dynasty and was renamed Bailuyuan Temple (also known as Bailuyuan Zen Master Old Temple). Later, because of its age, it has not been repaired and abandoned, and the site is still there.

ropeway

Yaoshan cableway has 175 double hanging chairs and carriages. The upper station is located near the TV transmitting station at the top of the mountain, and the next station is next to Jingjiang Mausoleum, which runs through Yaoshan. The total length of the line is1416.18m, with a height difference of 423.3m.. The one-way running time of the ropeway is 20 minutes and 38 seconds, and the transportation capacity is 507 people per hour.

On the ropeway, you can enjoy the scenery and humanistic customs of Yaoshan along the line, and you can also see the whole Guilin City from different angles.

Yaoshan Cableway Company stated that "the ropeway has introduced the advanced technology of Austrian DOPPE LMATYR Cableway Company, and is equipped with safety protection systems such as automatic alarm and TV tracking".

slide

Yaoshan slipway is Foster slipway, which is rare in China. Winding around Yaoshan, most of them are located in dense forests. Many places are difficult to reach on foot, and you have to pass through two culverts, and there are many strange pines and rocks and famous flowers and plants on both sides.

The total length of the slideway is 1000m, 18 bend, the drop is 150m, and the average slope is 15 degree, which looks like a dragon. The maximum design speed of the slipway is 80km/h, and the current limit is 35km/h ... The slipway was jointly built by Hong Kong Shenghua Group and Guilin Cableway Amusement Company, and German experts were hired to survey and design it, all of which were built with the advanced technology and equipment of German Wei Gang Company.

history

According to historical records, Yaoshan was originally an island in the ancient sea of Guilin, and it was also the only earth mountain in Guilin at that time, the highest and largest.

"County Records" cloud: Yaoshan, Guangzhou, senior high school thousands of feet. From Panyu and Jiaodian. There is a hurricane, and the wind blows the house, breaks trees and turns the lake.

Yao Temple, Houshou Buddhist Temple and Baiyun Temple were built on Yaoshan Mountain.

Zhu Sheng Temple (also known as Mao Ping Temple), which is 200 meters above sea level, was built in the Ming Dynasty. About 650 meters above sea level, Bailu Temple was built in the Tang Dynasty, which is the former residence of Bailuyuan Zen Master (also known as Jade Emperor Pavilion).

At the foot of Yaoshan Mountain, there are Jingjiang Mausoleum in Ming Dynasty and the tomb of Zhang Tongchang, an anti-Qing hero.

meaning

Yaoshan is the dividing line between northeast Guilin and lingchuan county.

Jingjiang tomb

Jingjiang Mausoleum is the mausoleum of Zhu Shouqian, King of Jingjiang, and his descendants. Located at the southern foot of Yaoshan Mountain in the eastern suburb of Qixing District, Guilin, Guangxi, it is15km from north to south and 7km from east to west. There are more than 300 tombs of Wang's relatives and relatives.

The whole cemetery is huge and magnificent, known as "thirteen tombs in the north and Jingjiang mausoleum in the south". Among them, 1 1 was buried in Yaoshan, which was called "King Jingjiang 1 1 mausoleum" in history.

history

Guilin was called Shi 'an in ancient times. In the sixth year of Ding Yuan in Han Dynasty (BC 165438+ BC 0 1), Shi 'an County was first established, belonging to Lingling County of Jingzhou, which was the origin of Guilin City. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was changed to Shi 'an Houguo. In the Three Kingdoms, it belonged to Shu first, and then to Wu. In the first year of Ganlu (AD 265), Shi 'an County and Shi 'an County were established, all of which are located in today's Guilin.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Guilin was called Guizhou because of the general administration of Lingnan Guizhou. In the 4th year of Tang Wude (AD 62 1), Li Jingxiu built a city in the south of Duxiufeng. In the eighth year of Zhenguan (AD 634), it was renamed Lingui County, belonging to Shi 'an County, Guizhou Province. Guilin has gradually become the first important town in Lingxi.

In the third year of Tang Guanghua (AD 900), Jingjiang Army was established in Guilin, which was a festival in Jingjiang. Before Song Gaozong Zhao Gou ascended the throne, he tried to lead the Jingjiang Army to our time. In the third year of the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 133), Shaoxing was promoted to Jingjiang House, and in the Yuan Dynasty it was changed to Jingjiang Road, Zhongshu Province, Guangxi, so Guilin was also called "Jingjiang" in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.

The enfeoffment system in Ming Dynasty was based on place names. In the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, when Zhu Yuanzhang, the great ancestor of Ming Dynasty, made his grandnephew Zhu Shouqian king, the seat of the vassal state was still called Jingjiang. In order to appease the southwest, Jingjiang "Jing" was changed to "Jing", so it was called "King of Jingjiang". In the fifth year of Hongwu, the Ming government changed Jingjiang Prefecture to Guilin Prefecture. Since then, the name of Guilin has been officially confirmed and has been used ever since. However, King Jingjiang, whose real name was sealed, did not change his name, so later generations all said that Guilin had King Jingjiang.

Zhu Shouqian is the nephew of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of Ming Dynasty. In order to strengthen centralized rule, in the third year of Hongwu (1970), Zhu Shouqian was made King of Jingjiang by Zhu Yuanzhang, and Hongwu Jiu (1976) was sent to Guilin. Later, because of his bad style, he oppressed the people and was abolished as Shu Ren.

In the first year of Yongle, Zhu Zanyi, the eldest son of Zhu Shouqian, returned to Guilin. King Jingjiang was succeeded from generation to generation by 14 people, which lasted for 280 years until the Qing army conquered Guilin (1652).

brief introduction

Jingjiang Mausoleum has 1 1 person, 4 tombs of concubines who attacked the throne, and more than 320 tombs of generals, lieutenant generals, royalty, relatives and relatives.

The tomb of King Jingjiang can be divided into six categories according to its ground regulations and the identity of the deceased. The first category is the tomb of Princess Wang, also known as the tomb. There are 10 tombs of the highest rank. The cemetery area ranges from more than 300 acres to several acres. The layout is generally rectangular, with two walls, three coupons mausoleum doors (outer walls), three spans middle doors (inner walls) and five spans enjoyment hall coaxial with Gaobao City (tomb). On both sides of Shinto, there are stones such as lions in tombs, tomb tables, eldest sister-in-law, younger sister-in-law, Kirin, knights, elephants, soldiers, footmen and waitresses. They are all used as rituals, generally 1 1. The second category is the second princess's tomb, with four * * * tombs, ranking second only to the princess's tomb. The layout of the cemetery is similar to the princess's tomb, but the area and building are slightly smaller, with two pairs of stone statues. The third category is the tomb of the prince (eldest son) who died without being attacked and the tomb of another general who assisted the country. The level is lower than the second princess's tomb, and there are only 7 pairs of stone statues or less. The fourth category is the general cemetery, which serves the country and the nation. The cemetery area and stone statue students are less than those of Fuguo generals. The fifth category is the tomb of lieutenant, which is divided into three levels: the tomb of lieutenant in Zhenguo, the tomb of lieutenant in Guo Fu and the tomb of lieutenant in Guo Feng. The cemetery area and stone statue students decreased in turn. Generally, there is only one fence and tombstone, but there are no halls and stone students. The sixth category is the female emperors' tombs such as county lords and township owners and the entrance tombs of Jingjiang Palace, with the lowest level, no walls and stone statues, only tombs and tombstones.

According to records, the Tomb of King Jingjiang and the Tomb of the Second Princess were built by the Ministry of Rites and the Chief Secretary of Guangxi. However, due to the time of burial, the regulations and scale have changed. Generally speaking, the regulation has changed from complexity to simplicity, the scale has changed from large to small, and the production has changed from coarse to fine. Among them, the earliest burial areas of the second-generation funeral tombs and the third-generation Zhuang Jian tombs are 365 mu, 438+05 mu and 87 mu respectively, which both exceed the requirement of 50 mu for the prince to bury. The tombs are tall and the stone statues are rugged and vigorous. The tombs of Showa, Duan Yi, An Su and Gong Hui built during Hongzhi's visit to Qin Long cover an area of 43 to 22 mu, with exquisite and gorgeous stones. The tombs of Kangnuo, Wenyu, Xianding and Murong, which were built in Wanli and Chongzhen years, were reduced to 10 mu, with exquisite stones. The other four types of tombs were all built by Wang Fu in Jingjiang or the owner's family, and they also showed similar changes with time. This change truly reflects the decline of Jingjiang Wang Fu and Ming Dynasty.

Among the tombs of King Jingjiang, the surface stone carvings of the Eleventh Mausoleum are the best preserved, with 334 existing ones. It is not only rare in the number of imperial tombs in China, but also basically ended in the early Ming Dynasty in terms of time. It has both inheritance and development, creating a large group of stone carvings. There are six shapes: pillar of hope, tombstone, animal tame, beast, beast and Weng Zhong. They show different styles from different times and different angles, which not only shows the dignity of the royal family, but also reflects the artistic pursuit and achievements of ancient artists. At the same time, they also provide a set of relatively complete physical materials for us to study the tomb instrument regulation of the Ming Dynasty imperial tombs.

From the comparison of laws and regulations, carving techniques and artistic styles, the ritual stone carvings in Jingjiang Mausoleum can be divided into four periods. The first phase is the initial stage, with mourning for the mausoleum as the representative, and the stone carving regulations and art basically follow the style of Tang and Song Dynasties; The second stage is the transitional period, represented by the simple tomb in Huaishun Wangling Village. The stone carving lines are not smooth, and the proportion of each part of the stone statue is not accurate enough. Compared with the first period, the sculpture art has changed, but it also has obvious characteristics of the first period. The third period is the development period, represented by the tombs of Showa, Duan Yi, An Su and Gong Hui. While inheriting Huaishun Tomb and Zhuang Jian Tomb, the stone carving art also incorporates new techniques, making the stone carving regulations stricter, the stone carving modeling simple and realistic, and the carving techniques concise and skillful. The fourth period is the mature period, represented by the four tombs of Kangnuo, Wenyu, Xianding and Murong. During this period, the laws and regulations of tombs were mostly finalized, and the stone carvings were basically finalized, and then they became standardized and institutionalized. Moreover, the ritual stone carvings in this period have undergone rough modeling and fine thinking in local treatment, and adopted the techniques of line carving, semi-relief and relief to make the stone carvings look gorgeous and smooth.

Jingjiang Mausoleum was the graveyard of King Jingjiang (Guilin) in Zhu Ming Dynasty. Jingjiang Mausoleum is located at the foot of Yaoshan Mountain in the eastern suburb of Guilin, about 5 kilometers away from the urban area. In A.D. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming Dynasty, successively enfeoffed 24 sons and a grandnephew, and established governors as kings in various fortresses. In the third year of Hongwu (AD 1370), Zhu Yuanzhang made his nephew Zhu Shouqian king of Jingjiang. King Jingjiang lived for 280 years from canonization to extinction. 14 people succeeded to the throne successively, among which 1 1 Wang was buried in Yaoshan. This cemetery of 1 1 Wang, together with the royal tombs of other princes and relatives, constitutes the tombs of Fiona Fang Baili, which is magnificent and full of Jiangnan characteristics.

The layout of Jingjiang Mausoleum is rectangular, and the central axis is sequentially the Mausoleum Gate, the Middle Gate, the Appreciation Hall and the Underground Palace. Each mausoleum has two walls, which can usually be divided into two parts: the outer palace and the inner palace. There are wings, mausoleum doors, Shinto, Jade Belt Bridge, stone statues and beasts in the periphery. The inner palace has a central gate, a pleasure hall, a stone man and an underground palace. Some unearthed cultural relics of Jingjiang Mausoleum were exhibited in the Appreciation Hall of Jingjiang Mausoleum, among which the beautifully shaped blue and white plum blossom bottle is rare in the world and extremely precious.

Thirteen King Jingjiang, eleven of whom were buried in Guilin. Now available for tourists to visit are the tombs of Zhu, Jane and Princess No.3 Wangzhuang, which were restored in recent years. The cemetery covers an area of 87 mu and consists of two parts: the outer garden and the inner palace. Entering the mausoleum gate, there are three brick sacred roads, with the king in the middle and the companion roads on the left and right. Shinto is lined with stone works, which not only shows the rules of the Ming Dynasty, but also has high artistic appreciation value. From Shinto, you can enter the inner palace to enjoy the main hall, which is tall, magnificent and magnificent, and is the main place for sacrifice. The "Treasure City" behind the temple is the "bedroom" of the deceased. On the left and right sides of the tomb are two banded hills, both of which are planted with pine and cypress, which complement each other with the red wall and red lacquer temple, and the historical sites are integrated with the natural scenery.

Ming Dynasty built a fenced tomb in Jingjiang (Guilin), which is located in the southwest foothills of Yaoshan Mountain. Among the 14 Jingjiang kings who succeeded to the throne, 1l kings were buried in Yaoshan. Together with the royal tombs of other princes and their relatives, the tombs of Fiona Fang Baili princes with Jiangnan characteristics were formed. The whole cemetery is magnificent. It is the largest and best-preserved Ming tombs in China, and is known as the "First Mausoleum in Lingnan". Jingjiang Mausoleum is backed by Yaoshan Mountain, facing the Qifeng Mountain in the front, forming a natural mausoleum mouth between the peaks, with a wide field of vision and surrounded by mountains. The layout of the mausoleum is rectangular, and the central axis has the mausoleum gate, the middle gate, the enjoyment hall and the underground palace in turn. Each mausoleum has two mausoleum walls, the large one covers an area of more than 270 mu, and the small one is less than 1 0 mu, which is usually divided into two parts: the outer hall and the inner hall. There are rooms, mausoleum gates, Shinto, Jade Belt Bridge, Stone Man, Stone Beast and other inner palaces, and there are middle doors, enjoy halls, stone men and underground palaces. At present, the newly renovated tombs of King Jane and Princess Wang in Jingjiang Wangzhuang are open to the public. In the Enjoyment Hall, some unearthed cultural relics of Jingjiang Mausoleum are displayed, including beautifully shaped blue-and-white plum bottles, which are rare in the world and extremely precious.

Jingjiang ancient tomb museum

Jingjiang Mausoleum Museum was opened after the restoration of Zhuang Jianling (the third generation of Jingjiang Mausoleum) (1987). It is a part of Jingjiang Mausoleum and shows the cultural relics unearthed from the Mausoleum. In 1970s, cultural relics workers carried out archaeological excavations on two royal tombs and departmental imperial tombs. There are a lot of treasures buried in Jingjiang's magnificent underground palace, including ceramics, gold and silver wares, jade articles and metal products. Most of them are ceramic utensils, especially blue-and-white plum bottles, with more than 300 pieces and 10 varieties. These funerary objects reveal the luxurious life and funeral system of King Jingjiang in Ming Dynasty. What's more precious is that about 50 epitaphs unearthed in Jingjiang Mausoleum are true and reliable, with great historical value. Because of its exquisite calligraphy and high artistic value, it is an extremely precious raw material for us to study the local history of Guilin, the feudal system of Ming Dynasty and the art of calligraphy.

Jingjiang ancient tomb protection

After the founding of New China, Jingjiang Mausoleum has been highly valued by National Cultural Heritage Administration and governments at all levels. 1963, Jingjiang tombs were announced by the people's government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as key cultural relics protection units at the autonomous region level. 1983 Established Guilin Yaoshan Mausoleum Cultural Relics Management Office (now renamed Guilin Jingjiang Mausoleum Cultural Relics Management Office) to protect and manage Jingjiang Mausoleum. Through archaeological investigation and on-the-spot investigation, the basic situation of Jingjiang Mausoleum was found out, and on this basis, the "four haves" work of cultural relics protection units was continuously improved. The simple mausoleum of Jingjiang Mausoleum was restored at Jingjiang Zhuang site with state investment as an important window to display the cultural relics of Jingjiang Mausoleum. From 65438 to 0996, Jingjiang Mausoleum was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Since 1998, the government has strengthened the protection of Jingjiang Mausoleum cultural relics. With the support of National Cultural Heritage Administration, Guangxi Department of Culture, Guilin Municipal Government, Municipal Finance, Municipal Planning Commission and Municipal Bureau of Culture, Jingjiang Cemetery has completed cultural relics protection projects, such as memorial hall, maintenance of the Forbidden City, reconstruction of temporary cultural relics warehouse, and renovation of fire protection facilities. In 2002, Jingjiang Mausoleum Cultural Relics Management Office compiled the Implementation Plan for Maintenance and Repair of Jingjiang Gonghuiling Mausoleum and Kangnuoling Mausoleum, which was approved by National Cultural Heritage Administration. Now it is ready to start the construction of protective wall of Jingjiang Gonghui Mausoleum, the site cleaning and renovation, and the reinforcement and cleaning of Jingjiang Kangnuo Mausoleum, forming the opening pattern of Jingjiang Mausoleum in different periods, styles and means of exhibition.

1999 In 2000, according to the deployment of National Cultural Heritage Administration and the State Planning Commission, the Cultural Relics Management Office of Jingjiang Mausoleum in Guilin compiled the Protection and Exhibition Plan of Jingjiang Mausoleum Site, which was identified by National Cultural Heritage Administration as one of the 50 key cultural relics protection parks in China and listed in the project library of National Cultural Heritage Administration and the State Planning Commission for the record. At the same time, the Jingjiang Mausoleum site protection and exhibition project is also listed as one of the only two key cultural relics protection projects in the development of western Guangxi. Since 200 1, according to the requirements of National Cultural Heritage Administration, the cultural relics management office of Jingjiang Mausoleum in Guilin has compiled the overall protection plan of Jingjiang Mausoleum on the basis of the protection and exhibition plan of Jingjiang Mausoleum site. At present, the plan has passed the evaluation in Guilin and Guangxi, and has been submitted to National Cultural Heritage Administration for approval. In 2003, under the arrangement of the Municipal Planning Commission, Guilin Jingjiang Mausoleum Cultural Relics Management Office compiled the Feasibility Study Report of Jingjiang Mausoleum Protection Phase I Project, which turned part of the two plans into operational concrete projects and implemented them in stages.

Over the years, our department has adhered to the policy of "protection first, rescue first, rational utilization and strengthening management" to protect cultural relics and promote history and culture. The protection and utilization of Jingjiang Mausoleum has been on the right track, and has achieved remarkable results, winning wide praise from leaders and experts at all levels.