Comment on ancient poetry

Light bamboo hat, green hemp fiber, no need to return to the oblique wind and drizzle, from the famous poet Zhang & gt in the Tang Dynasty, an old fisherman, sitting on a leisurely boat, catching fat mandarin fish. The old fisherman wore a brown hemp fiber and a bamboo hat, and didn't go home on rainy days because he was fascinated by the scenery in early spring.

Rain of Apricot Flowers, Rain of Early Spring, Willow Wind, Wind of Early Spring. This is more beautiful and picturesque than "drizzle" and "breeze" Yang Liuzhi is rippling with the wind, giving people the impression that spring breeze comes from willows. The rain in early spring is called "apricot blossom rain". "I want to get wet with clothes", and it is more subtle to describe the drizzle in early spring with clothes that seem wet but not wet. Imagine the poet walking eastward with a stick, burning red apricots, dancing with green willows and drizzling clothes, as if wet but not wet, and the wind blowing head-on, feeling a little chilly. What an impatient and pleasant spring outing!

Jiangnan, the sound of green and red flowers, the waterside village in the foothills. "The beginning of the poem, like a rapidly moving focal plane, swept across the southern land: the vast south of the Yangtze River, orioles singing, green trees reflecting clusters of red flowers; You can see the villages by the water, the battlements by the mountain and the wine flags fluttering in the wind. Charming Jiangnan, moved by the poet's brilliant pen, is even more exciting. In addition to the richness of the scenery, I am afraid it is different from some garden attractions, confined to a corner, but because it is spread over a large area of land. Therefore, if there is no word "a thousand miles" at the beginning, these two sentences will be weak. However, Yang Shen in Ming Dynasty said in Poems of Sheng 'an Temple: "Who can listen thousands of miles away? "Thousands of miles of green, who can see? If you travel ten miles, you will see green and red scenery, village Guo, balcony, monk temple and wine flag. " For this kind of opinion, He Huan Wen once refuted it in Textual Research on Poems of Past Dynasties: "Even if you make ten miles, you may not be able to hear it. The title cloud "Spring in the South of the Yangtze River" shows that Wan Li in the south of the Yangtze River is vast, and among the Wan Li, birds are singing and reflecting the green. There are no wine flags everywhere in Shuicun Mountain, and most of the towers of the 480 Hall are in the misty rain. This poem is wide, so it is not allowed to refer to one place, so it is called "Spring in the South of the Yangtze River" ... "He's statement is right, which is for the needs of typical generalization of literature and art, and the last two sentences are the same. "Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy." From the first two sentences, it should be a sunny scene with singing and dancing, red and green setting each other off and wine flags fluttering, but these two sentences are clearly written in the misty rain. What's going on here? This is because within a thousand miles, rain or shine is uncertain everywhere, which is completely understandable. But what needs to be seen is that the poet grasped the characteristics of Jiangnan scenery with typical techniques. Jiangnan is characterized by beautiful mountains and rivers, bright flowers, intricate colors, rich levels and strong three-dimensional sense. While reducing thousands of miles to a scale, the poet focused on the colorful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River in spring. The first two sentences of the poem are red and green, mountains and rivers, villages and battlements, movements and sounds. But these are not rich enough, and they only depict the bright side of Jiangnan in spring. So the poet added a wonderful stroke: "Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy." The resplendent and heavily built Buddhist temple has always given people a deep feeling, but now the poet deliberately lets it linger in the misty rain, adding a hazy and blurred color. This kind of picture and color are in harmony with the beautiful scenery of "thousands of miles of warblers singing green and reflecting red, and the wind of national wine flags in water towns and mountains", which makes this picture of Jiangnan Spring more colorful. The word "Southern Dynasties" adds a distant historical color to this picture. "480" is a saying that the Tang people emphasize quantity. The poet first emphasized that there was more than one magnificent Buddhist temple, and then sang with the sigh that "misty rain is coming", which is particularly reverie.

This poem shows the poet's praise and yearning for the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. However, some researchers put forward the "satire theory", arguing that the emperors of the Southern Dynasties were famous for Buddhism in the history of China, and that the Buddhism in Du Mu's era was also a vicious development, while Du Mu had anti-Buddhism thoughts, so the last two sentences were ironic. In fact, the interpretation of poetry should first start from the artistic image, and should not make abstract inferences. Du Mu's opposition to Buddhism does not mean that he must hate the Buddhist temple architecture left over from history. In Xuanzhou, he often goes to Kaiyuan Temple and other places to play. I have also been to some temples in Chizhou and made friends with monks. Famous phrases such as "Clouds on Jiuhuashan Road, Liu Fuqiao on Qingyi River" and "Autumn Mountain and Spring Rain Wandering All over Jiangnan Temple Building" all show that he still appreciates the balcony of the Buddhist temple. Of course, while enjoying it, it is also possible to drift a little historical emotion occasionally.

In Song Dynasty, Lu You, together with Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda and You Mao, was known as the "Four Poets of Zhongxing". In his 85-volume Poems of Jiannan, there are many poems that express the feelings of the old people, among which The Storm on November 4th (the second) is the best.

This poem was written in the third year of Shaoxi in Song Guangzong (A.D. 1 192), when the poet was 67 years old and lived in his hometown of Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). The original poem * * *, choose the second one here. Compared with the poet's other poems for the aged, this poem is unique in writing. Its main feature is to express feelings in dreams. Before Lu You, there were many excellent poems about dreams. Li Bai's poem "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream" depicts a fantastic and colorful dream. Du Fu's poem "Two Dreams of Li Bai" describes the poet's dream of parting and friendship with Li Baixing. Su Shi's poem Jiangchengzi (Ten Years of Life and Death) describes the poet's dream of mourning his dead wife. The dreams in Lu You's poems are mostly patriotic dreams. There are nearly a hundred poems about dreams in Lu You's "Poems of Jian Nan". In the Qing Dynasty, Zhao Yi once commented on Lu You's poems in Volume 6 of Ou Bei Shi Hua: "That is, if you remember dreams, there are 99 complete works." Life is as calm as a dream! There must be a poem without a title, so I entrust it to my dream. "This commentary believes that Lu You's poems and dreams are not all portrait dreams, and some belong to dreams and dreams. This is quite insightful In fact, Lu You's poems record dreams, some are portrait dreams, and more are dreams and nostalgia. Of course, it does not rule out both. This song 1 1 The Wind and Rain on the 4th of April seems to be a work that depicts dreams as well as dreams.

The first three sentences of this poem are about the cause of dreams. "Stiff Lie": Lie still. Gudao Village: A deserted village. "Luntai": the place name of the Western Regions in the Han Dynasty, namely luntai county, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; The poem generally refers to the frontier defense town. It has three levels. First, the premise of dreams: "stiff lying" and "midnight". As the saying goes, "I think about it day and night." Only when the poet cares about the country and people during the day can he "dream" and sleep in bed at midnight, but if he is not "stiff" or "midnight", he can't dream. So "stiff lying down" and "midnight" are the prerequisites for dreaming. The second is the subjective factor of the dream: "thinking about defending the country." If the poet does not have the feelings of defending the country, there can be no "iron horse glacier dream." Third, the external conditions of dreams: "wind and rain." It can be said that it is precisely because of the external condition of "wind and rain" that the poet dreamt of "Iron Horse Glacier".

The last sentence, write a dream. Different from the poet's poem about dreams, this poem is unique in writing dreams. The whole poem came to an abrupt end after the dream of "Tiema Glacier" was induced by the dream, leaving more room for association and imagination. According to this dream, people can develop rich imaginations, specifically imagining how the poet fought bravely on the battlefield on armored steeds, and how he dreamed of holding "Jiuzhou Tong" beside God when writing this poem.

Lying at night listening to the wind and rain, iron horse glacier dream.

It can be seen that the perfect unity of ideology and artistry makes this poem one of Lu You's masterpieces, and also one of all the masterpieces of China's ancient poems, including old-age poems.

Good rain knows the season, when spring comes.

Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night describes the poet's love and admiration for the selfless dedication to the drizzle on a spring night. The whole poem reads: "Good rain knows the season, when spring comes. Sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently. The wild path is dark, and the river is bright. Xiao Jian Jiang is wet, and Jinguan City is heavy. " One or two words of "good" are affectionate and praise the spring rain. "Knowing the season" endows Spring Rain with human life and emotion. In my opinion, the spring rain is considerate and knows the season, and it floats around when people are in urgent need, prompting the opportunity. What a good spring rain! The first couplet not only expresses the "occurrence" of the spring rain, but also implicitly conveys the author's anxious mood of eagerly looking forward to the arrival of the spring rain. Couplets are obviously the poet's auditory feelings. Spring rain has come, coming with the wind in the boundless night, quietly moistening everything, without any intention of seeking "goodness", just seeking dedication. You see, the author observes the rain scene so carefully that even the spring rain and silence are heard by the poet. Visible, Yu Chunyu unconsciously surprised, the poet stayed up all night. Tie couplets around the neck, the poet only looks forward to the spring rain for one night, but he is afraid of an abrupt end. He is happy and worried. He pushed the door out and stood there overlooking, only to see that the usually distinct field paths were also dissolved into the night, and it was dark, showing how dark the night was and how dense the rain was. The river boat fishing fire is even more dazzling, reflecting the vastness and darkness of spring night, and also highlighting the richness of spring rain from the side. In the words of imagination, the poet witnessed the continuous spring rain, and was gratified to think that at dawn the next day, Jinguan City would be a colorful spring scenery. The profusion and vitality of flowers are the result of silent drizzle moistening and baptism. Therefore, writing flowers is really the selfless dedication of Spring Rain.

Through the above analysis of poetry, it is not difficult to see that Du Fu conceived and wrote according to such an emotional thinking, that is, looking forward to rain-listening to rain-watching rain-thinking about rain. As the saying goes, "Spring rain is as expensive as oil", which is true. Everyone wants this precious spring rain to be like oil, and so do poets. When the spring rain floated down, the poet was even more surprised, even lying in bed listening, completely sleepless, eager to have a good play, lest it suddenly stop, so he pushed the door and looked into the distance, looking at the boundless spring rain, and saw the dense spring rain. The author was pleasantly surprised to associate it with the spring scenery of Jinguan City the next day. Poetry is praising the lofty quality of Spring Rain's obscurity and selfless dedication. The description of this love for the spring rain is so delicate and realistic, full of twists and turns, which can't help but make people marvel at Du Fu's artistic skill in observing things and feelings.

In addition, the capture and description of the details in the poem can also reflect the superiority of the poet's human body in observing the situation. "Sneak into the night with the wind and moisten things silently." The word "latent" is personified, imitating the silent and invisible modality of spring rain, which is quite interesting and induces people's love for spring rain. The word "run" conveys the spirit, accurately and vividly writing the characteristics that spring rain moistens everything and moistens things silently. Both drawing shapes and expressions, and both shapes and feelings are well prepared, profound and unique. "Flowers are more important than Jinguan City", with the word "heavy", accurately wrote the pattern that flowers in Jinguan City were red and full of vitality after being baptized and nourished by a night of spring rain, and conveyed the author's praise for the spring rain. "All the clouds in the wild trail are black, and the boats in the river are bright" captures the typical details and depicts them carefully, subtly and vividly rendering the hazy and colorful atmosphere of the spring rain. In a word, Du Fu's Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night embodies the superiority of observing other things' feelings and nuances in tempering sentences, capturing images and describing details. By comparing and appreciating Du Fu's poems with his gloomy style, we will certainly deeply understand another life interest in Du Fu's poems.