Planting techniques of seedless sugar orange

Seedless Shatangju pulp is sweet and juicy, seedless, crisp and tender, and of high quality. Seedless Shatangju is an evergreen fruit tree, which has strong adaptability to soil and is suitable for planting in mountainous areas and paddy fields. The following are the planting techniques of seedless sugar chrysanthemum that I have carefully arranged for you. Let's have a look.

Cultivation techniques of seedless Shatangju Ⅰ. Garden construction and planting

Gardens should be planned as a whole, and irrigation and drainage systems and roads should be set up to facilitate field management and operation. Drainage irrigation should be considered in paddy fields, that is, drainage can be carried out in rainy days and irrigation can be carried out in dry days, and fertilizer and water conservation should be the premise in dry land. Paddy fields can be in the form of alternating deep and shallow ditches, that is, one deep ditch is used to store water between every two beds, and one shallow ditch is used as the operation line. After planting, deep furrows are formed by clearing ridges and raising soil year by year, and the depth of deep furrows is more than 80 cm, which expands the area where roots absorb nutrients, deepens the roots and prolongs the rich period. The general planting specifications are 2 meters in paddy field and 3 meters in row, and the yield per mu is 1 10, and the yield per mu in mountainous area is about 80. In winter, the north wind blows and the weather is frosty, so it is not suitable for planting. If it is planted in the winter of 65438+February (the month is subject to the lunar calendar), the new seedlings will produce a large number of new roots, and the spring shoots will be very strong in the next year. When planting, the roots should be dipped in thin yellow mud, and the mud concentration should be appropriate. Touch the mud with your hands and see fingerprints instead of handprints. It is best to add a proper amount of broken cow dung to the mud. Aiduo collection? 6000-fold or 500-fold compound potassium nitrate aqueous solution and 500-fold 70% thiophanate methyl are mixed and dissolved, added into mud, stirred evenly, and then soaked to promote roots. Be careful that the mud is not too thick, which will cause root rot. Aiduo collection? Too much will lead to the death of seedlings. When planting, open the topsoil of the planting hole, let the new root groups spread obliquely naturally, cover with broken soil, straighten the trunk by hand, compact evenly, make the root groups fully adhere to the soil, then spray the root fixing water for the first time, then cover the roots with thin workers to make a tree tray, and then spray the water for the second time to wet the topsoil. Be careful not to cover the joint area. Finally, the grass is covered with moisture, and columns are set to protect the seedlings from wind and shaking. After planting, water can be sprayed according to humidity to facilitate the growth of new roots. About 30 days after planting, the topsoil should be turned over for inspection. If new roots germinate, the first thin fertilizer should be applied, and the decomposed thin water fertilizer should be used. After the seedlings grow new buds, the roots are elongated and the plants are strong. When applying water fertilizer, 0.2% urea or 0.3% compound fertilizer can be added. When spraying fertilizer, be careful not to spray it on the tree head, and it is advisable to leave it 20-30 cm away from the tree head to promote early growth and rapid growth.

Some excellent grass species should be selected in the orchard, such as Pogostemon Pogostemon (commonly known as white flowers and plants). Intercropping between plants can not only cover the surface soil of the orchard to increase organic matter, but also provide protection for natural enemies of various pests and diseases, such as predatory mites, grasshoppers and ladybugs. Achieve the purpose of preventing and controlling harmful mites and regulating the microclimate of orchards.

Second, soil management.

Most of the roots of seedless Shatangju are in topsoil, especially in paddy fields, and the roots can only grow in topsoil. Therefore, creating excellent soil conditions conducive to the growth of root groups is an important measure to cultivate strong fruit trees. Because of the small distribution range of crown and root system in young orange orchards, beans and green manure can be planted between plants or rows to adjust the microclimate between orchards, which is beneficial to root system activities. However, the principle of intercropping should not affect the growth of citrus reticulata. After 3 years, the crown expands and intercropping is generally stopped. Intertillage can be carried out according to different seasons and weeds. Before the spring shoots, the lime in the whole garden should be cleared once, and the spring fertilizer should be used to promote the roots and strong shoots. It is not advisable to loosen the soil in summer and autumn to prevent water from damaging the roots. In winter, weeds can be sprayed or pulled out in combination with clearing the garden, and beneficial grass seeds can be kept, and then the soil can be cultivated.

When planting paddy fields, the border ditches should be controlled below a certain water level all the year round to avoid the roots from being soaked. When planting in mountainous areas, it is necessary to open eight green plants and bury organic fertilizer if possible to improve soil fertility and promote deep root growth and drought tolerance. Roots like new soil, so it is necessary to clear ditches and cultivate soil year by year, thicken the soil layer, and open soil once a year where conditions permit to improve the soil structure.

Different growth periods of orange trees have different requirements for water. According to different seasons, keep it moist in spring, do a good job of drainage and waterlogging prevention in summer and autumn, and don't water the beds in rainy days. In case of drought, irrigation should be done in time to keep the soil moist, the autumn shoots are full and strong, the fruit water supply is normal, and the root groups are in a semi-dormant state in winter. Therefore, water should be properly controlled to reduce soil moisture and maintain root groups. Inhibit winter buds, increase juice concentration and promote flower bud differentiation.

Third, rational fertilization.

Orange trees are evergreen all year round, with many branches, big growth, many flowers and many fruits. It is necessary to ensure adequate nutrient supply, early fruiting, high yield and high quality. Therefore, fertilization should be timely and reasonably applied in each growth period to continuously improve the fertility and fertility of orchard soil.

Fertilization should be based on organic fertilizer: peanut bran, soybean bran, rapeseed bran and other cake fertilizers, and then add human and animal feces, hair and so on after retting. Supplemented by industrial fertilizers, compound fertilizers are the best, and urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and trace elements such as magnesium, boron, zinc, manganese and iron are also used. Most trace elements are sprayed outside the roots. Lime can neutralize soil pH and disinfect soil, and it is also a good calcium fertilizer. It can be applied to the border every spring, with an area of about 100-200 kg per mu. The effect is best when the boundary is wet, and appropriate lime can be added when green manure is buried in mountainous areas. Plant ash is rich in organic potassium, which can be directly applied to the border, and its leaching solution can be used as topdressing outside the roots.

Fertilization depends on different growth stages and different tree potentials. For annual trees, due to the weak root group, fertilization should be applied frequently and thinly, with quick-acting water and fertilizer as the main fertilizer, combined with chemical nitrogen fertilizer to accelerate the strong shoots, promote the growth of new shoots, rapidly expand crowns and enhance tree vigor, and drench water and fertilizer 1-2 times a month. From 10- 15 days before sprouting to when sprouting stops, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer can be applied for 2-3 times, and compound fertilizer or urea mixed water fertilizer can be applied, with 5 loads of water fertilizer per mu and 0.3 kg of chemical fertilizer each time. Spraying 0.3% magnesium sulfate on new shoots every time, mixing with high-efficiency foliar fertilizer and combining with pest control can accelerate the greening of new shoots and play a protective role. Normal management and sufficient fertilizer and water can cultivate new shoots in spring, summer, late summer, autumn, late autumn and winter.

Two years of tree fertilization: the crown of the tree has expanded and the root group has expanded. Therefore, we should appropriately increase the amount of fertilization to make the new shoots strong, fertilize the autumn shoots again, and capture a large number of autumn shoots in order to achieve high yield in the coming year. In addition to applying machine fertilizer and chemical fertilizer before and after bamboo shoots, long-acting organic fertilizer should be buried two months before autumn bamboo shoots germinate and spit out roots (from summer to the day before), and each bean cake is about one catty.

Fertilization of fruit trees: heavy fertilizer in spring and autumn, light fertilizer or little fertilizer in summer, and long-acting organic fertilizer buried in winter. Fertilizer supply should meet the requirements of new shoot growth and flower and fruit development, and improve fruit setting rate; Ensure high yield. At the same time, it is necessary to cultivate the bearing branches in the coming year and strive for high and stable yield. Results Fertilization of trees should be specially controlled in the following periods:

(1) Spring shoot fertilizer: Spring shoot growth and flower and fruit development need a lot of trace elements such as nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, calcium, magnesium, boron, etc. to enhance tree vigor and improve fruit setting rate. Before germination in spring, you can use 10- 15 to carry water and fertilizer per mu, 5? 1.5 kg irrigation: topdressing outside the roots can be combined with pest control in the bud stage of spring shoots to strengthen flowers and protect fruits.

(2) Fertilizer to protect fruit: Because flowering consumes a lot of nutrients, leaves turn red, which often causes a large number of flowers and fruits to fall off. Compound fertilizer can be used to supplement nutrients. Generally, it is advisable to use 2-3 fruit trees per tree with a yield of 50 kg, and it is necessary to spread or reduce the amount of water and fertilizer. However, the trees that are too vigorous in this period should be fertilized to reduce the germination of summer shoots, so as not to cause fruit drop. A large number of summer shoots appear, so it is necessary to manually remove or spray citrus killing shoots. So as to inhibit the growth of summer shoots and avoid a large number of fruit dropping.

(3) Autumn shoots are the mother branches of excellent fruits in the coming year. Using nitrogen fertilizer as the main method to shoot autumn shoots, combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, more than one kilogram of bean cake can be buried two months before the autumn shoots erupt (from summer to Sunday), and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer can be applied twice during the hot summer, so that the autumn shoots are neat and strong. When autumn shoots turn green, spraying pest control drugs and adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate as topdressing outside the roots will make autumn shoots turn green and mature, which is beneficial to nutrient accumulation.

(4) Flower bud differentiation and strong fruit fertilizer: When autumn shoots mature, nutrients begin to accumulate and enter flower bud differentiation, and fruits are rich in water and nutrients. Topdressing potash fertilizer and compound fertilizer, 0.5% potassium sulfate, 0.5% compound fertilizer and water fertilizer can be applied twice, or plant ash can be applied, and mixed potassium sulfate can be applied 2-2 times for each mature tree. Before and after fruit harvesting, quick-acting liquid fertilizer can be applied once to strengthen trees.

(5) After the fruits are harvested in winter, long-term organic fertilizer or fur fertilizer can be buried in combination with Qingyuan. According to the plant situation, each healthy mother tree can bury more than 2 kilograms of cake fertilizer, laying the foundation for next year's bumper harvest.

Fertilization for weak trees: There are many reasons for weak trees, such as diseases and insect pests, medicine, fertilizer, drought, waterlogging, excessive fruit bearing and excessive nutrient consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish the reasons and deal with them separately. Can organic humic acid liquid fertilizer be used for fertilization? How about tall? 2. Urea is mixed with 100 kg of water to rejuvenate the roots, and then it is watered every 15 days. Pay attention to frequent fertilization and thin fertilization to avoid heavy fertilization.

Fertilization should pay attention to methods, be efficient, economical and safe, and use less chemical fertilizer. Fertilization should avoid the roots and be buried vertically outside the crown. The soil is too wet for fertilization, and the roots are subjected to reverse osmosis, resulting in dehydration and root injury. The soil is too wet to be fertilized, resulting in lack of oxygen and rotten roots. Therefore, fertilization should be based on soil that is not too thousand and not too wet. Attention should be paid to increasing the application of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium fertilizers instead of partial application of nitrogen fertilizers. When urea is applied, the end or middle of the leaf is dry, and the orchard should stop applying urea. Water and fertilizer prepared by retting human and animal manure must be fully decomposed before use.

Fourth, timely pruning.

Timely pruning is of great significance for cultivating early fruiting and high yield crown, rejuvenating tree vigor and winning sustained and stable yield.

The cultivation of young trees lies in rapidly expanding the crown and creating a larger fruit volume. Annual young trees can spit out new buds in spring, summer, late summer, autumn, late autumn and winter when the amount of fertilizer, water and medicine is complete. How to put the tips away? When the new buds turn green and mature, new buds grow on the main branches, which shows that a new generation of new buds have sprouted. At this time, both ends of the old buds can be cut off to induce vomiting of healthy new buds. Can the concentration of 30PPM be used to promote germination? 920? Spraying 600 times of thiophanate solution or 500 times of carbendazim solution on old branches to promote rapid and orderly germination of new branches. After the new buds germinate, the branches that are too strong, too weak and too dense should be removed, so that the branches are evenly distributed, neat and robust. Short cutting and shoot promotion must be carried out when the branches are fully mature, otherwise it will not work. The autumn shoots of biennial trees are the best mother branches that bear fruit in the third year, and are generally not cut short.

3-4 years old trees have borne fruit and the crown has opened. Attention should be paid to removing the inner branches covered by the lunar shadow, transforming the clustered branches into fruiting mother branches, adjusting the tree potential to form round-headed waves, and improving the fruiting amount. After the spring shoots bloom, remove some branches that are too thick to concentrate nutrients in the buds. The growth of summer shoots should be inhibited during flowering period, so as not to take away the nutrition of young fruits and cause a large number of fruit drop. During the germination period of autumn shoots, it is necessary to strengthen fertilizer and water management, cut old shoots short, and promote the healthy growth of autumn shoots.

Trees more than 5 years old have entered the peak period, so it is necessary to pay attention to the uniform distribution of branches without affecting the fruit volume. The renewal of old trees can be combined with fruit picking, which can shorten the branches with fruits hanging on the upper part of the tree and the nutrient delivery line that is too long from the base, promote the development of new shoots at the top and lower part of the tree, renew the tree body, and also promote the regeneration of the root system under the tree to revitalize the tree.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Prevention and control of pests and diseases.

Pest control, as the name implies, is to give priority to prevention and combine prevention with control. At present, the main pests in the production of Shatangju are liriomyza sativae, psyllid, butterfly, aphid, mite and scale insect, and the diseases include canker, carbon maggot, scab and Huanglongbing. Pests and diseases are the enemy in production, and disease resistance and insect prevention are the key in production. First of all, we should introduce disease-free and aseptic seedlings and cultivate strong trees. Pest control master? Prevention first, prevention is more important than treatment? For the principle, spraying drugs in time when pests and diseases are found, and the hidden source of epilepsy in winter is completely eliminated. Should be based on different stages of growth. Different climatic conditions, flexible control.

Commonly used drugs for disease control are Tobuzine, Chlorothalonil, Carbendazim, Mancozeb, Bordeaux mixture and sulfur mixture. Every time the new shoots are self-sheared (before turning green), 800 times of liquid thiophanate or 600 times of liquid carbendazim mixed with insecticidal drugs can be sprayed, and the disease prevention effect is remarkable. Every typhoon and rainstorm, leaves are easily injured and infected with diseases. After the storm, it is necessary to re-apply pesticides and spray fungicides. Field control, before the spring season spring bamboo shoots germinate and vomit, copper sulfate 1000- 1500 mouthwash can be poured around the tree heads every year, which can effectively control many diseases. If local lesions are found, we should focus on radical cure to prevent spread.

Insecticides should master the activity characteristics of various pests, avoid the peak period of insect population, release shoots evenly and promote the spraying of chemicals on shoots. After each new bud is sprayed, various pests such as aphids, psyllid, red spider, leaf miner and leaf eater should be sprayed in time to make the new bud turn green and healthy normally. In addition to spraying at the peak of pests, comprehensive prevention and control throughout the year is particularly important, and it is necessary to ensure that the interval between normal secondary spraying does not exceed 25 days. Drug use should be combined with insect resistance, and drug varieties should be adjusted in time.

It is best to choose the weather without wind and rain, and do it in the morning after the dew is dry. The leaves and fruits of fruit trees should be air-dried before evening (that is, under the absorption of liquid medicine). Strong oral administration in summer and autumn should avoid high-concentration liquid medicine burns. The liquid medicine should be sprayed evenly, and the leaves and back should be sprayed wet, but not on the water droplets. Generally, pesticides and fungicides can be combined to topdressing outside the roots to reduce the workload, but topdressing outside the roots and fungicides are best carried out in the evening or cloudy days.

Pay attention to the taboo of drug collocation when dispensing, and don't covet convenience and abuse drugs. For example, Bordeaux mixture should be sprayed separately, and alkaline drugs such as sulfur mixture should not be mixed with acidic drugs in general, so as not to reduce the efficacy or alleviate the drug properties.

The market access system for agricultural products has been implemented in various places. In order to prevent pesticide residues in fruits from exceeding the standard, biological control technology should be popularized and implemented. Treat mites with mites? New technology and the use of biological pesticides. Can I hang it where there is electricity? Moth lamp? , can instantly kill a variety of phototaxis pests. Minimize the use of highly toxic pesticides, and make the products become pollution-free and pollution-free green health food.

Intransitive verbs promote flowers and protect fruits.

The management of orange orchards is based on the premise of cultivating strong trees and flourishing trees. This tree is strong, elastic and easier to manage. The purpose of cultivation is to promote the transformation from vegetative growth to reproductive growth and improve yield and quality. Therefore, all fruit trees with normal growth should take relevant measures to promote flower bud differentiation, blossom more and bear more fruits, and win high yield and high quality.

(1) Fertilizer control and water production promote flower bud differentiation. Autumn shoots are the best fruiting branches. When autumn buds turn green and full, they begin to accumulate nutrients. Therefore, fertilization should be properly controlled to prevent winter buds from sprouting, so as not to consume tree nutrients. It is feasible to control water in winter, which can increase juice concentration and promote flower bud differentiation. However, water control should prevent dryness and cold from damaging roots and leaves. In case of violent north wind or cracks in the border, light irrigation can be carried out during the windy period? Horse racing? Then continue to control the water.

(2) Before and after heavy snow every year, that is, June 165438+ 10 or early February 65438+February, measures must be taken to prevent winter bud germination and promote flower bud differentiation, which is the key to high yield of vertical fruit trees. At present, the more effective method is to dilute 300-400 times the liquid mixture dormant L bag (20 ml) with paclobutrazol produced in Sichuan, add 100 kg of water, stir it evenly, and spray it in sunny afternoon or cloudy day. Pay attention to wetting the back of leaves and spray again every 15 days.

(3) Ring cutting promotes flowers. Fruit trees that have grown too vigorously or cost less for many years can be circumcised. Circumcision can prevent nutrients from flowing downwards, accumulate nutrients in the upper part of the tree, increase juice concentration and promote flower bud differentiation. Circumcision can be carried out in the middle and late June+February in 5438 depending on the weather. It is suggested to use a special ring knife to cut the cortex without damaging the xylem. The circular cutting part cuts a knife on the main branch, secondary main branch or branch. June ring cutting 10- 1 1 is easy to shed leaves and is not suitable. Ring cutting can not cut xylem, but should be carried out at a position above 20CM from the ground. Pay attention to the management of fertilizer and water after girdling, and do not spray strong pesticides such as stone sulfur mixture to prevent falling leaves.

(4) girdling to protect the fruit. Strong and lush trees can be circumcised to protect their fruits. During the first physiological fruit drop (that is, fruit drop with calyx stalk), cutting off the cortex of the main branch once can reduce the second fruit drop. Depending on the fruit setting rate and weather conditions, the second ring cutting is carried out every 20 days or so.

(5) Topdressing outside the roots, spraying trace elements and hormones to strengthen flowers and protect fruits. Before flowering, borax, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and thiophanate can be sprayed with 0.2% mixed wave twice (/kloc-once every 5 days). After the flowers wither, the fruit contains topdressing outside the roots, which is 600 times higher? Aiduo collection? Spray 1-2 times.

Seven, seedless Shatangju varieties must implement key measures.

Gibberellin (920) is an effective fruit setting agent for citrus, especially seedless varieties. In recent years, it has been found to be very important for fruit setting. The following describes the application period and application method:

After flowering, when the style falls off about 80%, measures must be taken immediately to protect the fruit and use it. 920? Powder (produced by Shanghai Solvent Factory or Shanghai 18th Factory must be used to prevent counterfeit or inferior products). ? 920? The powder should be dissolved in alcohol or highly alcoholic liquor, diluted with water, and sprayed for 2-3 times in the whole process, and sprayed once every l5 days after the first use, and the second time can be determined according to the fruit setting. The application concentration is: 80 kg water is added to one gram for the first time, and 60 kg water is added to one gram for the second time. If the fruit is normal, you don't need to spray it for the third time. But I found that the fruit drop continued, the weather was wet and there was too much water. You can spray it for the third time, adding 60 Jin of water per gram.

During the fresh-keeping period of fruits, drugs such as cytokinins, amino acid glycophospholipids, polynucleotides or Huaguoling are used for combined spraying according to the growth situation.

The medication time must be carried out in a sunny afternoon or cloudy day, and the spraying should be even, so that the spraying is wet and not dripping. If it rains within four hours after spraying, it must be sprayed again.

No matter how to promote flowers and protect fruits, it can only be an auxiliary means. The most important thing is to strengthen fertilizer and water management, eliminate pests and diseases in time, and cultivate strong trees.

Eight, reasonable harvest

When the harvest of orange trees is good, it should be harvested in time and picked in batches. Generally, fruits with high color, fragrance and commodity value can be picked. It is forbidden to pick the whole plant at one time, which leads to the imbalance of physiological balance of orange trees, dehydration of plants and leaf rolling and defoliation. Reasonable fruit picking, based on the principle of improving fruit quality and leaving leaves, is conducive to the recovery of tree potential and flower bud differentiation.

Cultivation techniques of seedless Shatangju 1. Seedling selection and planting

Select the pure varieties without pests and diseases in Miao Zhuang, and the early-maturing varieties have good quality and high yield. The seedlings with trifoliate orange as rootstock are dwarfed, bearing early fruits and high yield; The seedlings with lime as rootstock have upright and prosperous trees and put into production late. The height of the seedlings is over 40cm, the thickness is over 0.5cm, there are no quarantine diseases and insect pests (canker and Huanglongbing), the fibrous roots are developed, and the scion has good affinity with the rootstock.

Seedless Shatangju is usually planted in February-March. Before planting, dig planting holes with a width of 80cm and a depth of 60cm, and fill each hole with 20 kg of weeds +20 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer +0.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. After mixing with soil, put it back into the hole to make a mound, about 25cm above the ground. When planting paddy fields, the ridge is shaped like a turtle's back, the ridge surface is 30cm higher than the ground, and the row spacing is 3m? 2m, planted before germination in spring.

2. Garden selection

Seedless Shatangju can grow and bear fruit normally in general soil, but it needs moist and fertile soil environment to grow fast, bear fruit early, and have high and stable yield. Paddy fields, early fields, floodplains and gully lands with convenient transportation, sufficient water sources, irrigation and drainage, and deep, loose and fertile soil should be selected. Creating excellent soil conditions conducive to the growth of root groups is an important measure to cultivate strong fruit trees. Because of the small distribution range of crown and root system in young orange orchards, beans and green manure can be planted between plants or rows to adjust the microclimate between orchards, which is beneficial to root system activities. However, the principle of intercropping should not affect the growth of citrus reticulata. After 3 years, the crown expands and intercropping is generally stopped. Intertillage can be carried out according to different seasons and weeds. Before the spring shoots, the whole garden should be cleared of lime, combined with spring fertilizer, to promote roots and strong shoots. It is not advisable to loosen the soil in summer and autumn to prevent water from damaging the roots. In winter, weeds can be sprayed or pulled out in combination with clearing the garden, and beneficial grass seeds can be kept, and then the soil can be cultivated.

3. Rational fertilization and irrigation

Young trees should pay attention to fertilizer and water management, pay attention to fertilization methods, be efficient, economical and safe, and apply less fertilizer. Fertilization should avoid the roots and be buried vertically outside the crown. The soil is too wet for fertilization, and the roots are subjected to reverse osmosis, resulting in dehydration and root injury. The soil is too wet to be fertilized, resulting in lack of oxygen and rotten roots. Therefore, fertilization should be based on soil that is not too thousand and not too wet. Attention should be paid to increasing the application of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium fertilizers instead of partial application of nitrogen fertilizers. When urea is applied, the end or middle of the leaf is dry, and the orchard should stop applying urea. Water and fertilizer prepared by retting human and animal manure must be fully decomposed before use. Taking seedling fertilization as an example:

Some seedless Shatangju seedlings began to take root about 15 days after planting. After 30 days, thin fertilizer can be applied, which is mainly composed of 5-6 times of decomposed human urine and 0.5% aqueous solution, and 1-2 spoonfuls can be applied to each plant to promote early rooting and more rooting of seedlings. Then take 1-2 baths a month. Plants that grow normally without new roots and leaves should not be fertilized prematurely, so as not to cause fertilizer damage and affect their survival. Don't rush to fertilize after planting, mainly spray foliar fertilizer, and spray 1 time every 15 days to promote root development.

Step 4: plastic trimming

Seedless Saccharum morifolium is generally shaped by natural happy shape. The cultivation of young trees lies in rapidly expanding the crown and creating a larger fruit volume. Annual young trees can spit out new buds in spring, summer, late summer, autumn, late autumn and winter when the amount of fertilizer, water and medicine is complete.

When the spring shoots are 6cm long, three strong buds are evenly distributed on each branch. The principle of bud retention is: sparse and sparse, sparse and short and long (the branch length is controlled at 20 ~ 25 cm), sparse and weak and strong, and 6 ~ 7 leaves are reserved for topping when the tree is too prosperous. Summer pruning is mainly to cut off the vertical branches, cross branches and pest branches that disturb the tree shape. In the first ten days of August, before the autumn buds are released, the scattered buds will be erased and put together. When pruning in winter, the fruiting branches and fruiting branches should be retracted and pruned to prevent the crown from growing too fast and the branches from premature aging; At the same time, cut off the branches of diseases and pests, horizontal branches and upright branches, and cut off the branches that are too dense at the top of the crown to increase ventilation and light transmission.

5. Flower and fruit management

(1) flower thinning: Because there are many orange flowers, it is easy to cause insufficient nutrition supply. Falling flowers and fruits are serious. While erasing too many spring shoots, some weak branches and flowers are thinned out.

(2) Scientifically using plant growth regulators and foliar fertilizers to protect fruits: spraying 92 o 1 015 mg/kg+0.3% borax+Wang Lu 800 times solution1time every 7 ~/0 days, for 2 ~ 3 times in total. Spraying 2,4-d 8 ~10 mg/kg after spring shoots mature has protective effect on fruits.

(3) Ring cutting to protect fruits: Ring cutting trees with excessive tree potential to protect fruits from blooming.

(4) Keep the fruit on the tree for fresh-keeping and anti-freezing: In the middle of February, 65438, cover the tree crown with plastic film for anti-freezing and supply the fruit to the market during the Spring Festival. Can significantly increase income.

If there are too many fruit drops or even few left, some spring shoots and all summer shoots should be thinned; Remove pests and diseases, deformed fruits and stunted young fruits. The fruit preservation of seedless Shatangju mainly depends on tree potential and fertilizer and water conditions.

6. Eliminate pests and diseases and cultivate strong trees.

Some excellent grass species should be selected in the orchard, such as Pogostemon Pogostemon (commonly known as white flowers and plants). Intercropping between plants can not only cover the surface soil of the orchard to increase organic matter, but also provide protection for natural enemies of various pests and diseases, such as predatory mites, grasshoppers and ladybugs. Can achieve the purpose of preventing and controlling harmful mites and regulating the microclimate of orchards.

The main pests in seedless tangerine production are leafminer, psyllid, butterfly, aphid, mite and scale insect, and the diseases include canker, carbon maggot, scab and Huanglongbing. Pests and diseases are the enemy in production, and disease resistance and insect prevention are the key in production. It is necessary to introduce disease-free and aseptic seedlings and cultivate strong trees. In addition, spraying measures should be taken to deal with pests and diseases. The medication time must be carried out in a sunny afternoon or cloudy day, and the spraying should be even, so that the spraying is wet and not dripping. If it rains within four hours after spraying, it must be sprayed again.

7. Reasonable harvesting to increase income.

Reasonable fruit picking, based on the principle of improving fruit quality and leaving leaves, is conducive to the recovery of tree potential and flower bud differentiation. It is forbidden to pick the whole plant at one time, which leads to the imbalance of physiological balance of orange trees, dehydration of plants and leaf rolling and defoliation. So harvest in time and pick in batches. Generally, fruits with high color, fragrance and commodity value can be picked to increase yield.