What is the geographical environment of Bihar, India?

Bihar is a state in northeastern India. It is said to be the origin of Buddhism.

Bihar is located at 21.58'10'' to 27.31'15'' north latitude and 82.19'50'' to 88.17'40'' east longitude. It is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Ganges River Basin, spanning 483 kilometers from west to east. The state has some of the most fertile land in India. Seven rivers flow through the state, with some hills in the center and the Himalayas in the north. December and January are winter in Bihar, with the lowest temperature averaging 5-10 degrees Celsius; the highest temperature in summer averaging 35-40 degrees Celsius. April to mid-June is the hottest season in Bihar. The monsoon season in Bihar is from June to September, with abundant rainfall. October and November every year and February and March of the following year are the golden seasons in Bihar, with pleasant climate.

This is the place where the most serious fight between Brahmins and untouchables occurs in India. The Ganges River crosses the border of Bihar. To the south are the Rajmohar hills. The state parliament consists of 325 members. It is a major mineral producing area, producing mica, coal and copper. Agricultural products include rice, sugarcane, oil seeds, jute, maize and wheat. Industrial products include steel, machine tools, cement, electrical machinery, chemical fertilizers and paper.

Bihar is traditionally divided into the northern Gangetic plain and the southern Gangetic plain.

The northern Ganges plain extends from the Terai region from north to south to the north bank of the Ganges. It includes the regions of Terhut, Saran, Darpunga and Kosi. Topographically, it gradually rises from north to south. The Ganges River flows from west to east through the southern end of this plain.

In the northern and northwest areas of the plain, the terrain begins to undulate. This alluvial plain presents hilly landform features, consisting of a series of low hills. At the foot of these hills are vast plains, nourished by numerous mountain streams flowing south or east. The soil beneath the hills is free of rocks and therefore retains moisture, allowing crops to grow lushly.

The southern Ganges plain is an alluvial shoal with jagged peninsular edges. Many rocky hills rise from the island covered with shrubs and exposed rocks. The Song River skirts rocky terrain and forms a vast delta in the west. This impact zone is about 137 kilometers wide.

The cold season begins in early November every year and lasts until mid-March of the next year. Then hot weather followed until mid-June. The rainy season begins soon after and lasts until the end of September. The local weather is warm and sunny in winter. In November every year, the temperature in various parts of Bihar is suitable, usually between 19.6-22.2℃. January is the coldest month of the year in Bihar. The highest temperature here generally occurs in May, which is the hottest month of the year in Bihar.

Similar to other parts of northern India, Bihar also suffers from sandstorms, thunderstorms and blowing sand in summer. The rainy season begins in June every year, and July and August are the months with the highest rainfall. The monsoon wind blowing from south to north usually withdraws from the Bihar region in the first week of October.