Street pavilion weather

Lost Street Pavilion is a story in the long historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which tells the story of the fall of Ma Su, a military fortress, when Shu joined the army. This story has also been selected into the current high school Chinese textbook (see Volume 4 of Full-time Ordinary High School Textbook (Compulsory Chinese), People's Education Press). In Beijing Opera, "Lost Street Pavilion", "Empty City Plan" and "Chop Ma Su" together form the traditional repertoire "Lost Space Chop".

[Edit this paragraph] The original story of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms

Lost Street Pavilion is taken from Chapter 95 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The clue of the article "Lost Street Pavilion" is the offensive and defensive war of the street pavilion, and the author narrates it in chronological order.

Content:

Cao Rui, the ruler of Wei Dynasty, made Zhang He a pioneer and marched with Sima Yi. At the same time, Xin Pi and Sun Liling led fifty thousand troops to help Cao Zhen. The two of them left with a letter. Sima Yi led 200,000 soldiers out of the village, invited pioneer Zhang He to the tent and said, "Zhuge Liang was cautious all his life and never dared to do anything. If I play, I will take Chang 'an from the Meridian Valley Trail, which was a long time ago. He has no plan, but he is afraid of losing and refuses to take risks. Today, I will leave the army's oblique valley to occupy Yan city. If you take Yancheng, the soldiers will be divided into two ways, and one army will take the valley of Hebei. I have sent out obituary, and I ordered Zidan to refuse to defend Yancheng, and the soldiers came to fight; Tell Sun Li and Xin Pi to stop the valley. If soldiers come, they will attack them with surprise soldiers. " He said, "Where should the general enter the army today?" Yi said, "I know there is a road west of Qinling, called Jieting. There is a city next to it, ranking Liucheng: both of them are the throats of Hanzhong. Zhuge Liang bullied Zidan by surprise and decided to enter the customs from now on. You and I will take the street pavilion and look at Yangpingguan not far away. If Liang knew that we had cut off its street kiosks and roads, Longxi could no longer hold its own territory and would inevitably rush back to Hanzhong overnight. If he retreats, we will attack him on the road and win; If I don't return, I will break all roads and defend them with soldiers. There was no food in January, the Shu soldiers starved to death, and the morning was captured by me. " When Zhang realized this, he knelt down and said, "The commander is also a psychic!" " Sima Yi said, "Even so, Zhuge Liang is not much better than Meng Da. The general is a pioneer, so you can't travel light. When it reaches the general, it follows Shanxi Road and spies from a distance. If there is no ambush, we can move forward. With a slight negligence, Zhuge Liang fell into the trap. "Zhang He is the leader of this plan.

Zhuge Liang was in the stronghold of Qi when he suddenly reported that the spies in Xincheng had arrived. Zhuge Liang summoned him to ask questions and told him in detail: "Sima Yi went the same way and arrived in Xincheng on the eighth day. Mengda was caught off guard; Shen Dan, Shen Yi, Li Fu and Deng Xian were among them: Mengda was killed by the rebels. Today, Sima Yi withdrew from Chang 'an, met Lord Wei, and went out with Zhang He to reject our teacher. Zhuge Liang was frightened, saying, "Meng Da died naturally if he kept quiet. When Sima Yi goes through the customs today, he will take the street pavilion and break my throat. " Then he asked, "Who dares to lead troops to guard the street pavilion? Before he finished speaking, Ma Su joined the army and said, "I'd like to go. Kong Ming said, "Although the street pavilion is small, it is very important." . If the street kiosk is lost, all our troops will stop. Although you are well versed in strategy, there are no fortresses and obstacles here, and it is extremely difficult to hold them. "He said," I have been familiar with Sun Tzu's art of war since I was a child. Can't you leave a street pavilion? " Zhuge Liang said, "Sima Yi is not an idle person; There is even a pioneer, Zhang He, who is a famous Wei: I am afraid that you are not the enemy. " He said, "Don't say goodbye to Sima Yi and Zhang He, who are relatives of Cao Rui. What are you afraid of? If there is a difference, the whole family will be very embarrassed. " Kong Ming said, "There are no jokes in the army." He said, "I am willing to make a military order. "Kongming followed it, so he wrote a written pledge to fulfill a military order and presented it. Zhuge Liang said, "Your 25,000 elite soldiers, I will send another general to help you." He asked Wang Ping to pay for it and said, "I know that you have been cautious all your life, so I gave you this important task. You can guard this place carefully: the next village must be the main road, so the thieves can't wait to steal it. After camping, I drew four or eight geographical maps. It's not easy to settle everything. If there is no danger, it is the first merit of Chang' an. Stop it! Stop it! " The two men bowed and led the troops away. Kong Ming thought for a moment, fearing that they might make a mistake, and called Gao Xiang to say, "There is a city in the northeast of Jieting called Liucheng. It's a mountain road, where you can station troops and camp. Take your ten thousand soldiers to this city. But the street pavilion is in danger, so you can lead troops to save it. " Gao Xiang left with his troops. Kong Ming thought again: Gao Xiang is no match for Zhang He, but must be a general. Only by stationing troops on the right side of the street pavilion can we guard against it, so Wei Yan was asked to lead his troops to station behind the street pavilion. Yan said, "First, we should defeat the enemy before the battle, so why put it in a secluded place? Zhuge Liang said: "It is selfish for the striker to defeat the enemy. Today, I want you to see the street pavilion. As soon as the sun is flat, you will run on the road and always guard the throat of Hanzhong: This is a great responsibility, so what is the leisure? Don't take it for granted, you will lose my big event. Be careful! Wei Yan was overjoyed and led his troops away. At this moment, Kong Ming felt at ease. He called Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi to share the spoils, saying, "Sima Yi is sending troops today, which is different from the old days. You two each led an army out of the valley, thinking you were suspicious. If you meet Wei Bing, you will fight or not, so as to surprise his heart. I unified the army and took the city by the oblique valley path; If you get the city, Chang' an can be broken. " The two were ordered to leave. Kong Ming made Jiang Wei a pioneer and went out of the inclined valley.

Ma Su and Wang Ping go to the street pavilion to see the terrain. Ma Su said with a smile, "Why is the Prime Minister so paranoid? How dare Wei Bing come to this secluded place! " Wang Ping said, "Although Wei Bing is afraid to come, he can enter the village from the main entrance of No.5 Road. However, the sergeant was cut down as a fence for a long time. " He said, "Did you go to the village when you were in power? There is a mountain near here, which is not connected on all sides and has a wide range of trees. This is a godsend risk: you can station troops on the mountain. " Ping said, "It's not enough to join the army. If you station troops in power and build city walls, there will always be hundreds of thieves, and you can't steal them; If we abandon this main road today and station troops on the mountain, if Wei Bing suddenly arrives and is attacked on all sides, how can we protect it? " Joe laughed and said, "You are a woman's mind! Sun Tzu's Art of War said: From a high perspective, it looks like a bamboo. If Wei Bing comes, I will teach him not to come back! " Ping said: "I am tired of fighting with the Prime Minister. Wherever I go, the Prime Minister tries his best to give me advice. Looking at this mountain now, it is simply a Jedi: if Wei Bing breaks my way of pumping water, the sergeant will be in chaos without fighting. " He said, "Don't mess up! Sun Ziyun: Give up and go to hell. If Wei Bing denied my method of pumping water, wouldn't Shu soldiers fight to the death? One can be a hundred. I have been studying Sun Tzu's Art of War, and the Prime Minister asked me all the questions. How can you stop me? " Ping said, "If you want to join the army and camp on the mountain, you can split up with me and start from the next small village in Shanxi, so that you can stand in a corner. If Wei Bing comes, he can respond accordingly. " Masu is disobedient. Suddenly, people from the mountains came in droves to report that Wei Bing had arrived. Wang Ping wants to resign. Ma Su said, "Since you don't listen to my orders, you and 5,000 soldiers will go to the camp. When I break Wei Bing, I will not get any honor in front of the Prime Minister! " Wang Ping led the troops to the village ten miles away from the mountain and drew a picture album. On a starry night, he sent someone to report to Kongming that Ma Su had come down from the mountain. Sima Yi was in the city, and asked his second son, Si Mazhao, to explore the road: If there are soldiers guarding the street pavilion, don't wait.

Si Mazhao was ordered to scout and reported to his father: "The street pavilion is guarded by soldiers." Yi sighed and said, "Zhuge Liang is really a god, but I might as well!" " Zhao smiled and said, "Why did father give up his ambition? Men's street kiosks are easy to get. " Sima Yi asked, "How dare you say such a big thing?" Zhao said, "This man saw for himself that there was no stockade in the road, and the army was stationed on the mountain, so he knew it could be broken." Yi was overjoyed and said, "If the soldiers are on the mountain, it must be an angel!" So he changed his clothes and brought more than 100 riders to see for himself. It was a sunny night until the foot of the mountain, and I patrolled around before returning. When Ma Su saw it on the mountain, he laughed and said, "If he had a life, he wouldn't come around the mountain!" Send a message to the generals: "If soldiers come, they will see the red flag flying on the top of the mountain, that is, they will fall in all directions."

Sima yi's return to the village made people ask why he led the troops to guard the street pavilion. The report said: "It's Ma Su, Ma Liang's brother." Yi smiled and said, "It's just a hollow reputation, but it's just a mediocre ear! Kong Ming used such a character, how can he not spoil the game! " He asked again, "Are there any other troops around the street pavilion?" "Wang Ping camped ten miles away from the mountain," stable boy said. Sima Yi ordered Zhang He to lead an army and take Wang Ping's route. So Shen Dan and Shen Yi led two soldiers to surround the mountain, first cutting off the road for pumping water. Take advantage of the chaos of the Shu soldiers and attack them. The schedule for the evening has been fixed. The next morning, Zhang He led the troops to the back hill first. Sima yi drove his horse and swarmed in, surrounded by mountains. When Ma Su was on the mountain, he saw Wei Bing everywhere, and the standard team was very neat. When the Shu soldiers saw it, they were all discouraged and did not dare to go down the mountain. Ma Su will move the red flag, the army will push you and me, and no one dares to move. Anger and suicide. All the troops were frightened and had to work hard to get down the mountain and rush to Wei Bing. Wei Bing stood still. Shu soldiers retreated up the mountain again. Ma Su saw that things were not harmonious, so he taught his army to guard the village gate and waited for the response from the outside world.

Wang Ping met Zhang He, saw Wei Bing coming, and led his troops to kill him. After dozens of battles, I was poor and lonely, so I had to quit. Wei Bing was trapped from morning till night, there was no water on the mountain, the army could not eat, and the village was in chaos. In the middle of the night, the Shu soldiers in Shannan opened the gate wide and went down to Wei. Masu can't stop. Sima Yi released Yamakaji again, and the Shu soldiers on the mountain were even more chaotic. Ma Su couldn't keep it, so he had to drive down the beaten army and kill Shanxi to escape. Sima Yi put a road through Ma Su. Zhang He led the troops to catch up. In more than 30 miles, drums and horns were ringing in front, and a tiger army came out, letting Ma Su go and stopping Zhang He; See it, but Wei Yan also. Ride a horse with a knife and take Zhang He straight. Go back to the army. The delay troops came and took back the street pavilion. After more than fifty miles, he shouted, and the ambush appeared on both sides: Sima Yi was on the left and Si Mazhao was on the right, but he copied behind Wei Yan and trapped him in his heart. When Zhang Hefu came back, three soldiers met in one place. Wei Yan rushed to the right and left, unable to get away, and lost most of his troops. At the critical moment, suddenly an army of tigers and wolves rushed in. That's Wang Ping. Yan was overjoyed and said, "I have to have a baby!" The two generals joined hands to kill for a while, and Wei Bing retreated. When the two commanders hurried back to the village, the camp was full of Wei Bing's flags. Shen Dan and Shen Yi fought their way out of the camp. Wang Ping and Wei Yan rushed to Liucheng to vote for Gao Xiang. When he heard that the street pavilion was lost, he led his troops to Liucheng to rescue him and meet Yan and Ping. Gao Xiang said, "Why don't we rob Zhai Wei tonight and then go back to the street pavilion?" At that time, the three men were negotiating under the hillside. It's getting late, and the soldiers are divided into three ways. Wei Yan led the troops to the street pavilion, but no one was seen. He is too suspicious to make a move. He was waiting at the intersection when he suddenly saw the soldiers in Gaoxiang arrive. The two men said that Wei Bing didn't know where he was. I just ignored it. Wang Pingbing didn't arrive. Suddenly, the cannon sounded, the flames were blazing, and the earth shook: Wei Bing came out together and surrounded Wei Yan and Gao Xiang. The two men had a conflict and couldn't get away. Suddenly, I heard a thunderous cry behind the hillside, and a tiger army rushed in. It was Wang Ping who saved Gao and Wei and rushed to Liucheng. When Bi Ran arrived at the gate, an army had arrived at the edge of the city, and the words "Wei Taishou Guo Huai" were written on the flag. It turned out that Guo Huai consulted with Cao Zhen, fearing that Sima Yi would win the world, so he divided Huai into street kiosks. When Sima Yi and Zhang He heard about this, they led troops to attack Liucheng. I met three generals and killed them for a while. There are many wounded soldiers in Shu. Fearing that Yangpingguan would fall, Wei Yan panicked and took Wang Ping and Gao Xiang to Yangpingguan.

[Edit this paragraph] Geographical location of street kiosks

Jieting, since the fall of Ma Su, Zhuge Liang Bing was defeated by Zhang He, the general of Wei, and Ma Su was beheaded with tears. After being reduced to level 3, it became famous all over the world.

Where the hell is the street pavilion? This has always been a controversial issue. Hong and other historians and experts who study the Romance of the Three Kingdoms have verified that the street pavilion is located in the northeast of Anxian County, Shuiqin County. The specific place, as described in Qin' an County Records, is today's Longshan-"Broken Mountain, whose mountain is the street of Lueyang, completely in the middle, not belonging to the mountain, and under it is Lianchuan and Ma Su Fujun." In the 14th year of Qianlong, Jiang Yun, the magistrate of Qin 'an County, changed his name to Longshan. "

Today, Longcheng Town at the foot of Longshan is the street pavilion of that year. Longcheng Town is an open space in the northern section of Sichuan Road, about 2 kilometers wide and 5 kilometers long, 40 kilometers northeast of Qin 'an County. Because there is Longshan in the Xihe River Basin of this town, the mountains are high and the valleys are deep, and the situation is dangerous, and the Qingshui River is in the way. The only way through Guanlong is Guanxia and Ban Long. Walking along the line of Ma Lu-Longshan-Longcheng Town is the only way from Chang 'an to Tianshui. The Han Dynasty is the famous South Road of the Silk Road. Military strategists of all previous dynasties regarded it as the key point of military strategy with both offensive and defensive functions, and became an ancient battlefield for competing with each other.

Nowadays, in Longcheng town, the remains of the ancient street pavilion are hard to find. In the past, the spring pavilion in the street was destroyed. A crossbow machine with the word "Shu" was found only in Xuelichuan, 2.5 kilometers northwest, and is now in the Gansu Provincial Museum. At that time, Ma Su was stationed in more than two areas, and Fiona Fang was thousands of square meters. The top can accommodate 10000 people, which is like a farmer's straw pile on McKee cliff; Still standing luxuriantly in the south of Longcheng Town, it became the witness of the war of that year.

Longcheng Town is a big market for fur, agricultural and sideline products, medicinal materials and fruits in mountain products today. The streets are scattered, the houses are uneven, the trees are shaded and the traffic is developed. This ancient battlefield, which used to be a "silver dysprosium idolize", has now become an important economic and trade place in all directions.

[Edit this paragraph] The lost street pavilion, whose fault is it?

The story of "Ma Su refused to remonstrate and lost his street pavilion" in Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a topic that scholars often discuss. When it comes to it, people always lament Kong Ming and Masu. Indeed, the battle of street kiosks is very heavy. Shu had to change from a strategic counterattack to a strategic defense. Whose fault is this? Ma Su's headstrong, of course, is the direct cause, but its root lies in Kongming, who was defeated repeatedly in the battle of Jieting, which finally led to an embarrassing historical ending.

First of all, Kong Ming shouldn't have sent Ma Su to guard the street pavilion. The ancients said, employing people without doubt, employing people without doubt. Kong Ming knows that "the street kiosks have a lot to do with it, and if we lose them, the army will stop", and "Sima Yi is not an idle generation, and the pioneer Zhang He is a good general of Wei", fearing that "the horse cannot be the enemy", what's more, Liu Bei once made it clear that "Ma Su exaggerates, and it won't take much", which shows that Kong Ming knows the interests involved. In that case, why should we send people who are not at ease to guard the fort? Employers don't have to doubt, and there is no need to doubt people. Kong Ming has just made a military taboo. Although we attach importance to talents, we can't make good use of them, which also leads to an unexpected tragedy.

Secondly, Kong Ming didn't really know Ma Su. Ma Su, who has always been "skilled in military affairs and brilliant", made great contributions by making suggestions when conquering Na Man and capturing Meng Huo seven times, but it was not Ma Su who was in charge of Shuai Yin and planned the overall situation. Only when talents are in their places can they be put to good use. Kong Ming mistakenly took Ma Su as the commander-in-chief, which eventually led to eternal regret.

Third, Kong Ming shouldn't have beheaded Ma Su. At that time, the ruler of Shu had just been established, the Na 'an had just been pacified, and "General Wang Hu" died young or was old, and there were few successors in Shu. And the enemy at present, just choose and employ persons, so "Ma Su tied himself kneeling in front of the account". As the saying goes, "No matter how smart a person is, he will lose if he worries more." Kong Ming should give his men a chance to turn over a new leaf. If Kong Ming lets them do good deeds to atone for their sins, Ma Su will certainly become mature and sophisticated. Xiao He chased Han Xin under the moon, Liu Bei took care of the cottage, the Weihe River in Zhou Wenwang stood still, and Wei Gongzi endured humiliation to meet Hou Sheng. It is because of their generous hearts that countless heroes bow to their knees. The fall of Ma Su Street Pavilion is a big mistake, but if we can treat it calmly and accuse Chen Qi of his mistake, it will be greatly influenced and sublimated. In this sense, losing the street pavilion is not a bad thing.

To sum up, Zhuge Liang usually doesn't know people deeply, makes mistakes in employing people, makes hasty decisions beforehand, and blames them afterwards, which is the key to losing the street pavilion. Although Kong Ming compares himself to Guan Zhong and Le Yi, he is not as good at knowing people and making good use of them. So he repeatedly made mistakes at the critical moment, which led to a fiasco.

Wang Ping can't escape the captain's accusation.

The responsibilities of Zhuge Liang and Ma Su are clear, but there is another person who also has responsibilities, and that is Wang Ping.

After the defeat of Ma, Wang Ping saved some losses by stratagem. Zhuge Liang thought it was meritorious service and promoted him to join the army.

So there is really nothing wrong with him. I think Wang Ping, as Ma Su's lieutenant, tried to persuade him after he made a wrong decision and stationed his troops in the mountains of Ma Su, but in the end he compromised and led a small number of troops to guard important areas. However, Wang Ping, who was sent to Ma Su by Zhuge Liang, knew that Ma Su did not act according to the plan of the Prime Minister, neither made sense of fighting nor reported to Zhuge Liang in time, but let Ma Su camp in the wrong way and guard the border alone. This is inevitably a dereliction of duty.

[Edit this paragraph] Peking Opera repertoire

Plot: Zhuge Liang heard that Wei used Sima Yi as commander in chief again. Because the street pavilion is the throat of Hanzhong, it is planned to send generals to station it. Ma Su asked for instructions, and Zhuge repeatedly told him to camp at the edge of the mountain and water, and asked Wang Pingfu for help. Ma Su was headstrong, disobeyed orders and did not listen to Wang Ping's advice. He camped at the top of the mountain, so he was defeated by General Zhang He of Wei, and the street pavilion fell.