Seventh grade geography and climate type book 1

Located on both sides of the equator of all continents, it extends about 5 ~ 10 from south to north, such as Amazon Plain in South America, Congo Basin and Gulf of Guinea in Africa, and some islands in eastern Asia.

Features: It is hot and rainy all year round.

Distribution: Near the equator (N 10)

Reason: Controlled by equatorial depression all the year round, updraft prevails.

Typical areas: Amazon river basin, Congo river basin, Indonesia

2. savanna

This kind of climate is mainly distributed on both sides of the equatorial rainy climate belt, namely Central America, South America and Africa, which is about 10 ~ 15 north latitude (some extend to 25).

Features: high temperature all year round, rainy season (with obvious dry and wet seasons)

Distribution: Both sides of tropical rain forests in Africa and South America (10 ~ 15).

Cause: Alternating control of low pressure (rainy season) and trade winds (dry season)

3. Tropical desert

It is distributed outside the tropical dry and wet season climate zone, roughly between north latitude 15 ~ 30, and is most widely distributed in North Africa, Southwest Asia and central and western Australia.

Features: It is hot and dry all year round.

Distribution: near the tropic of cancer, west coast of mainland (south latitude 15 ~ 30)

Cause: subtropical high and trade wind control.

4. Tropical monsoon

The tropical monsoon climate is distributed on the east coast of the mainland between north latitude 10 and 25. Mainly distributed in southern Taiwan Province Province, Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island, as well as Indochina Peninsula, most parts of Indian Peninsula and Philippine Islands; In addition, it is also distributed in the northern coastal zone of the Australian mainland.

Features: high temperature all year round, rainy summer, dry season and rainy season.

Distribution: Indian Peninsula, Indochina Peninsula (from 10 to 25 N on the east coast of the mainland).

Reasons: the thermal difference between land and sea and the seasonal movement of wind area in pressure area.

5. Mediterranean

Located on the west coast of subtropical latitude, the latitude is about 30 ~ 40. The west coast of the mainland includes the Mediterranean coast, the coast of California, the central coast of Chile in South America, the southern tip of South Africa and the southern tip of Australia.

Features: It is hot and dry in summer and mild and rainy in winter.

Distribution: 30 ~ 40 degrees north latitude on the west coast of the mainland.

Cause of formation: alternating control of westerly belt and subtropical high

6. Subtropical monsoon

The subtropical monsoon climate appears on the east coast of subtropical continent, with latitude of 25 ~ 35, which is a zone where tropical marine air mass and polar continental air mass alternately control and compete with each other.

Features: It is hot and rainy in summer and mild and rainy in winter.

Distribution: 25 ~ 35 N east coast of mainland.

Cause: Sea-land temperature difference

7. Subtropical desert

Subtropical desert climate is an extension of tropical desert climate to high latitudes. Similar to the tropical desert climate: little rain, partly cloudy, strong sunshine, high temperature and strong evaporation.

Features: drought and little rain all year round, high temperature and heat in summer.

Distribution: the western mainland and inland areas of 25 ~ 35 north latitude.

Cause: It is formed by subtropical high and dry trade winds.

8. Temperate oceans

The temperate maritime climate and landform is located on the west coast of the mainland, 40 ~ 60 north latitude.

Features: Wet all year round, warm in winter and cool in summer.

Distribution: 40 ~ 60 degrees north latitude on the west coast of the mainland.

Reason: It is controlled by the mid-latitude westerly wind all the year round.

9. Temperate monsoon

It appears on the east coast of the mainland around 35 ~ 55 north latitude, including northern and northeastern China, most of Korea, northern Japan and parts of the Far East.

Features: It is hot and rainy in summer and cold and dry in winter.

Distribution: East coast of the mainland near 35 ~ 55 N.

Cause of formation: the difference of thermal properties between land and sea.

10, continental humidity

The temperate continental humid climate is located in the eastern part of North America and the eastern part of Eurasian temperate maritime climate zone.

Features: high temperature and convective rain in summer, cold and little rain in winter.

Distribution: East of North America W 100, 40-60 N.

Cause: The west wind from the ocean has undergone continental degeneration, with low temperature and high humidity. However, frontal cyclones often pass by. There is less precipitation in winter, but the temperate maritime climate is more than the temperate monsoon climate.

1 1, temperate continental

It is mainly distributed in the central part of Asia and North America at 35 ~ 50 north latitude.

Features: large temperature difference between winter and summer, less precipitation throughout the year.

Distribution: 35 ~ 50 degrees north latitude, within the mainland.

Cause: Far from the sea, high latitude.

Extended data:

Characteristics of climate in China:

1. The climate is complex and diverse.

China has a vast territory, a wide latitude, a long distance from the sea, and different terrain types and mountains, so there are various combinations of temperature and precipitation, forming a variety of climates.

2. Monsoon climate is remarkable.

China's climate is characterized by high temperature and rainy summer, cold and little rain in winter, and the high temperature period is consistent with the rainy period. Because China is located in the east of Eurasia, the largest continent in the world, on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, and near the Indian Ocean in the southwest, the climate is greatly influenced by the mainland and the ocean.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Climate Types