How can fruit farmers prevent fruit trees from rotting roots after long-term application of chemical fertilizers?

Root rot of fruit trees is a very difficult disease to cure. Fruit farmers need to use pesticides repeatedly to cure the disease. But some pesticides have long residual effects, which will affect people's health. They are not pollution-free fruits. Today, some prevention methods and treatment measures of fruit tree root rot were sorted out for fruit farmers.

1. Soil prevention and control law: rural areas can use local materials to find some fresh soil, and do not borrow soil from fields where herbicides have been used. Pour the soil into a bucket and stir it into a paste, then smear it on the scar of the fruit tree for 3 to 5 cm, and finally tie it tightly with plastic tape. The advantage of this is to prevent water evaporation and soil from being washed away by rain. Just remove the plastic tape and soil after one year. In this way, aerobic bacteria will suffocate and die because of long-term hypoxia. The cure rate of this method is above 90%.

2. Urine coating method: first scrape the scar clean, and then use urine flow coating method to reach the scar wound, which is about 5 cm beyond the scar. Apply 1 time after one week. The cure rate of this method is 90% ~ 99%.

3. Salt water soaking: make 1 kg salt and 40 kg water into 1: 40 light salt water, boil it with fire and cool it. Scrape off the rotten scars of fruit trees, and apply salt water to the scars with a brush or brush to soak the bark, thus playing a role in sterilization and disinfection. Apply 1 time after two weeks. The cure rate of this method is above 80%.

4. Soak in alkaline water: prepare edible alkali and water into alkaline solution according to the ratio of 1: 5. Scrape the scar clean, and apply the alkaline solution to the scar wound with a small brush, which is about 5 cm beyond the scar, so that the alkaline solution can be fully immersed in the bark. Then, wrap it tightly with plastic film. 10 days later, repeat 1 time, and release the plastic film after half a year. The cure rate of this method is above 85%.

5. Sterilization of garlic liquid: Mash garlic into garlic paste, add 10% salt solution, and prepare garlic liquid according to the ratio of 1: 1. When in use, the scar is scraped clean first, and the garlic liquid is applied to the wound of the scar with a small brush or writing brush, and the periphery is 3-5cm beyond the scar. Apply 1 time after 10. The cure rate of this method can reach more than 95%.

What are the causes of rotten roots of fruit trees?

Rotten roots of fruit trees directly affect the normal growth of fruit trees, leading to a decline in orchard output. Rotten roots of fruit trees are largely caused by unreasonable management of fertilizer and water, so it is necessary to find the source and take careful precautions.

The root rot of fruit trees is very serious,

Most root rot phenomena are not easy to detect in the early stage. Only after symptoms appear on the aboveground parts, preventive measures such as topdressing and spraying are taken, and the control effect is not good. Light will lead to tree weakness, yield and quality decline, and heavy will lead to plant death.

Introduction of rotten roots of fruit trees

The aboveground part is mainly characterized by slow growth and great tree potential.

Weakness, late germination, early defoliation, small and yellow leaves (in some spring, they are yellow all the time), or dead leaves, yellow and falling off, slow growth of new shoots, difficult flowering and fruiting, small fruits, low quality, and serious cases, the whole tree dies.

When digging topsoil to expose roots, you will find that most fibrous roots turn brown and die. The diseased spots of thick roots are uneven, some of them are dark brown, and the cortex is swollen and ulcerated. When pressed by hand, thick brown juice can overflow, accompanied by peculiar smell.

Cause analysis of root rot of fruit trees

1, long-term chemical fertilizer, fruit tree roots bear the brunt.

The long-term application of diammonium, urea, potassium sulfate, compound fertilizer and compound fertilizer has destroyed the soil and caused many disastrous problems to fruit trees.

First, the long-term use of chemical fertilizers has caused a serious shortage of soil organic matter, and the organic matter in many orchards has dropped below 0.6%. Beneficial bacteria lost their living environment, harmful bacteria proliferated, and the roots were invaded by fungi, resulting in rotten roots and dead trees.

Second, due to the serious lack of soil organic matter, the soil is hardened and the air permeability is poor, which affects the healthy growth of roots.

Thirdly, the long-term use of chemical fertilizers has caused serious acidification of soil, especially in gravel mountain areas where manganese poisoning is becoming more and more serious.

Fourth, long-term excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer leads to long branches, serious fruit hanging in two years, weak trees and serious decay.

Fifth, long-term attention to macro-elements, ignoring the application of medium and micro-nutrients, serious depletion of trace elements in soil, serious physiological diseases, and decreased fruit quality.

2, the application of a large number of unfermented farm manure, resulting in rotten roots and dead trees.

A large number of human and animal feces that have not been fermented and decomposed are directly applied to the orchard soil and carried.

Lots of bacteria, pests, salt, etc. , it will cause serious damage to the root system, and in severe cases it will cause rotten roots and dead trees; In order to save labor, acupoint application and furrow application are adopted.

Digging ditches (holes) is few and small, filling the holes with fertilizer and covering the ditches with soil, and the roots are burned out.

Apple roots are mainly distributed in the range of 20-80 cm below the surface, and the concentrated distribution layer is about 40 cm below the surface. In order to save labor and effort, fruit farmers dig ditches and fertilize more and more shallowly, and even sprinkle fertilizer on the ground to water or wait for rain. Roots go with fertilizer, which leads to the roots of fruit trees exposed on the surface year after year, which is neither drought-resistant nor waterlogging-tolerant, which is not conducive to the absorption and utilization of fertilizer. The serious consequence of the root system tending to the surface is that the resistance of fruit trees becomes worse. In case of drought, waterlogging and freezing, it is easy to cause dead branches and trees.

3. Long-term management of abandoned soil has aggravated soil hardening.

The orchard is not planed for a long time, and weeds are eliminated only by herbicides in spring and summer, which can not dredge the ventilation of the soil, resulting in a long-term serious hardening of the living soil;

Moreover, the roots of fruit trees are introduced to the surface, which is neither drought-resistant nor waterlogging-tolerant. After the rain, the soil is poorly ventilated, the roots suffocate, and a large number of leaves fall.

4. The serious lack of nutrition in tree storage is the main cause of rot disaster.

Orchard households who normally strengthen management should spray chemical agents to protect leaves, topdressing in summer and applying base fertilizer in autumn, and all the management is in place, so as to maintain sufficient nutrition in tree storage and reduce rot in winter and spring.

5. Excessive use of herbicides.

First, use glyphosate several times a year to weed. If the operation is improper, it will penetrate into the soil, causing damage to the underground roots of fruit trees, leading to malnutrition on the aboveground parts, yellowing leaves and weak trees, which will affect the germination, flowering and fruit setting of fruit trees in the coming year.

Second, the use of glyphosate in orchards is also easy to cause zinc deficiency in the soil. Glyphosate ionizes anions in aqueous solution and reacts with zinc in soil after burial, which hinders the absorption of zinc by roots, thus making fruit trees show lobular disease. Zinc deficiency symptoms caused by glyphosate abuse have occurred in both apple trees and peach trees, and serious cases have endangered the lives of trees.

Therefore, many experts call for "gold" in autumn, "silver" in winter and "broken copper and iron" in spring.

Countermeasures to solve the problem of rotten roots and dead trees

1, change the fertilization consciousness and get out of the misunderstanding of fertilizer.

Advocate the application of farm manure, especially the application of high-quality commercial organic fertilizer, to improve soil aeration.

2. Improve fertilization methods and strengthen soil management.

When applying fermented and decomposed farmyard manure, it should be tamped and spread evenly, and dug into the soil with a shovel to prevent excessive concentration of furrow fertilization from burning the root system, so that the fertilizer can widely contact the absorption roots of fruit trees, and then spread the fertilizer and soil evenly to prevent the fertilizer from burning the root system in piles.

For soil management, the orchard should be planned once a year after fruit picking in autumn, which not only keeps the living soil layer well ventilated, but also prevents the roots from leading to the surface.

In case of continuous rainstorm, weeding and ventilation should be done in time after the rain to prevent root suffocation from causing a large number of fallen leaves.

3. Apply sufficient base fertilizer in autumn to increase storage nutrition.

Early-maturing fruit trees, such as big cherries, apricots, peaches, plums, walnuts, grapes, early and middle-maturing pears, apples, etc. The task of applying base fertilizer in autumn should be completed in September. Hawthorn, chestnut and late-maturing varieties of apple, pear, peach and other fruit trees, after harvesting in June 5438+ 10, we must seize the time to apply sufficient base fertilizer.

4. Dredge the drainage system to prevent water accumulation in the orchard.

The whole orchard is planed, and the height around the trunk is increased by 15-20 cm, forming a ridge shape to prevent water accumulation under the tree after heavy rain.

Rows of fruit trees form a trough shape below 15-20 cm under the crown, which can be watered smoothly in dry days and drained smoothly after heavy rain.

5. Strengthen soil improvement and replant young trees scientifically.

If the lower part of the dead fruit tree belongs to cohesive soil, a big hole (1- 1.2m deep, 1- 1.5m square) must be dug to fill the middle and lower part with topsoil, sand, weeds, straws and other organic substances to form a loose living soil layer. All fruit trees with rotten roots and dead leaves will breed a lot of harmful bacteria underground. Replanting small fruit trees is not easy to survive, and even if it does, it will not grow vigorously.

6. Rational use of glyphosate.

When weeds are unearthed and have a certain leaf area (it is best to cover the leaves with plastic film) and enough pesticides can be attached, glyphosate should be used. Glyphosate weeding is through the conduction of leaves from stems to roots, which makes the roots rot, thus completely eradicating weeds. If the leaf area is small and the amount of medicine absorbed is insufficient, you can only get twice the result with half the effort. In addition, combined with the weather forecast, spray it in rainy days to prevent the liquid medicine from entering the soil.

If it is a rotten fruit, it is necessary to find out the reason in time and ditch and block it, just in case.

The root of the disease is in contact with the healthy roots of neighboring fruit trees, which leads to the spread of the disease. At the same time, root cleaning and disinfection should be carried out, and docking and root replacement should be considered according to the actual situation. After completing these tasks, we can use biological irritants to spray roots or increase the application of biological bacterial fertilizer to help improve the soil environment and promote root growth!