Can Wenshan Prefecture in Yunnan Province grow grapes?

Grape planting in Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province must be decided according to local soil, climate and other factors, and can only be decided after on-the-spot investigation. The following information about grapes is for reference only:

Grape growing environment

Grape planting needs an altitude of 400 ~ 600 meters. Likes light and temperature, and has strong adaptability to soil. Originated in West Asia, most vineyards in the world are distributed between 20 ~ 52 degrees north latitude and 30 ~ 45 degrees south latitude, and most of them are in the northern hemisphere. Most grapes in China are between 30 and 43 degrees north latitude. Grape planting bases are mainly distributed in Xiaoxian County, Anhui Province and Turpan, Xinjiang. The altitude of grape planting is generally 400 ~ 600 meters. Grapes in China vary greatly in altitude, about 200 ~1000 m. Grapes in Xiaoxian County, Anhui Province are distributed in the plain. Grapes in Huailai, Hebei are distributed at an altitude of 1 100m, Xu Da, Shanxi 1200m and Shannan, Tibet 1500m. Latitude and altitude are important factors affecting temperature and heat in a large range.

Aspect and gradient

In the case of similar topographic conditions, the microclimate in different slope directions is obviously different. Usually the slopes facing south (including due south, northwest and southeast) receive more light and heat, and the temperature is higher on weekdays. The warming effect of sloping land is closely related to its slope. Generally, every tilt to the south 1 degree is equivalent to a forward 1 latitude. The most heated slope angle is about 20 ~ 35 degrees (40 ~ 50 degrees north latitude).

Grape is more suitable for slope cultivation than other fruit trees because of its drought tolerance and thin soil, which can develop roots in a relatively small range. However, the greater the slope, the more serious the soil erosion. Therefore, priority should be given to the land with a slope below 20 ~ 25 degrees when planting grapes. Influence of water surface:

Large waters, such as oceans, lakes, rivers, reservoirs, etc. Absorb more solar radiation energy and have greater heat capacity. The temperature in day and summer is lower than that in land, while the temperature in night and winter is higher than that in inland. Therefore, the coastal climate near the water area is mild and the frost-free period is long. The vineyards near the big water surface reflect a lot of blue-violet light and ultraviolet light in the deep water, and the berries are colored and of good quality, so when choosing vineyards, try to be close to big lakes, rivers and oceans.

edaphic condition

Grapes can grow on various soils, such as floodplain, saline-alkali land, rocky slope and so on, but different soil conditions have different effects on the growth and fruit of grapes.

Grapes are very adaptable to soil. Except swamp and heavy saline-alkali land, all kinds of soil can be cultivated, and fertile sandy loam is the most suitable. Different soils have different effects on the growth, filling and quality of grapes.

In unsuitable areas, soil improvement and planting can be carried out through agricultural engineering and cultivation techniques. For example, in the saline-alkali area of Panjin, Liaoning, the soil content is above 0.3%, so it is impossible to survive by directly planting grapes. However, after 2 ~ 3 years, the salt content in the soil can be reduced to below 0.2%, and grapes can be planted by digging ditches and terraces, irrigating and washing salt, replacing soil with green manure or local soil, and selecting salt-tolerant rootstock varieties.

climate

Climate factor is one of the main indexes of grape variety zoning. The French believe that only grapes planted in specific soil can produce world famous wines with unique flavor. However, for the vast grape producing areas in the world, this situation of dividing grape regions by soil is not universal and absolute. The factors affecting grape quality and wine quality are comprehensive.

Only in most cases, climate often plays a leading role in the growth of grapes and the quality of wine, and climate has become the most important and active factor among many factors. Weather conditions such as light, temperature and precipitation are necessary for grape growth and fruiting, especially in summer and autumn.

illuminate

Solar energy is the only energy for grape photosynthesis. It is the driving force of energy and material circulation of grapes, and 90% ~ 95% of grape yield and quality comes from photosynthesis. In many cases, the real solar energy consumed by photosynthesis has not reached 1% of the total solar energy. In China, the solar energy utilization rate of general vineyards is only about 0.5%, and grapes are light-loving crops.

Grapes are light-loving plants and need high light. The length of illumination time has a great influence on the growth, yield and quality of grapes. When the light is insufficient, the new shoots grow thin, the leaves are thin, the leaves are pale, the ears are small, flowers and fruits fall off in large numbers, the yield is low, the quality is poor, and the winter buds are poorly differentiated. Therefore, when building a garden, it is required to choose a place with good light, pay attention to improving the wind and light conditions on the shelf surface, correctly design the row direction and row spacing, and adopt reasonable shaping and pruning techniques.

temperature

Temperature is the most important meteorological factor affecting the growth and fruiting of grapes. Grape is a warm temperate plant, which needs quite a lot of heat. During the grape growing period (from budding to fruiting), the monthly average temperature is above 1 0 degrees, which varies with different varieties. Temperature also has an important influence on the growth and fruiting process of grapes. High temperature will do harm to grapes, but the degree is far less than that of low temperature. The harm of low temperature to grapes is a common problem in grape cultivation in the world, and low temperature limits the cultivation area of grapes. Grapes are generally planted in the northern hemisphere between 20 degrees and 5 1 degree north latitude.

The northern limit of European grape variety cultivation is the Rhine Valley in Germany, and the southern limit of cultivation extends to India. In the southern hemisphere, grapes are mainly planted between 20 and 40 degrees south latitude. The limiting factors for the expansion of grape planting range in Europe to the equator are high temperature, disease and lack of sufficient low temperature to induce grape dormancy. The main limiting factor for the expansion of European grapes to the poles is that the growing season is short, which is not enough to ensure the maturity of fruits and vines and to resist the low temperature in winter.

Different grape groups have different requirements for temperature at different growth stages. For example, when the average temperature in early spring reaches about 10℃ and the soil temperature in 30cm underground is 7 ~ 10℃, hybrids from Europe, Asia, Europe and America begin to germinate. Vitis amurensis and its hybrids can germinate when the soil temperature is 5 ~ 7℃. With the increase of temperature, the sprouted new shoots will accelerate their growth, and the most suitable temperature for the growth of new shoots and the meridional division of flower buds is 25 ~ 38℃. When the temperature is lower than 14℃, it is not conducive to flowering and pollination. The optimum temperature for berry ripening is 28 ~ 32℃. When the temperature is lower than 16℃ or higher than 38℃, it is not conducive to the development and maturity of berries and the quality is reduced. The temperature at which roots start to move is 7 ~ 10℃, and the fastest growth is at 25 ~ 30℃. Varieties with different maturity need effective accumulated temperature. For example, the early-maturing variety Saba Pearl needs an effective accumulated temperature of 2 1℃, the middle-maturing variety Vineyard Queen needs 25℃, and the late-maturing variety Longan needs 33℃ to fully mature.

Low temperature tolerance varies with species and organs, such as Eurasian species and European-American hybrids, which can tolerate low temperature of -3 ~-4℃ during germination; The shoots and young leaves were frozen at-65438 0℃, and the inflorescence was frozen at 0℃. During dormancy period, the winter buds of mature branches of Eurasian varieties can tolerate-16℃ ~- 17℃, and the perennial lianas are frozen at -20℃. The cold resistance of root system is weak. The roots of Longan, Rose Fragrant and Vineyard Queen in Eurasia were slightly damaged by freezing at -4℃ ~-5℃ and froze to death for about two days at -6℃.

Using Vitis amurensis or Vitis amurensis as rootstock in northern China can improve the cold resistance of root system, and its root system can tolerate low temperatures of-16℃ and-1℃ respectively, and the critical lethal temperatures are-18℃ and-14℃ respectively, which can reduce the cold resistance in winter.

deposit

Precipitation and seasonal distribution strongly affect the growth and development of grapes and the yield and quality of grapes. In some areas, the seasonal variation of precipitation of some cultivated varieties is one of the most important climatic factors for grape variety zoning.

Due to different climate types in the world, the seasonal variation of precipitation shows significant differences. The seasonal distribution of climate precipitation in the Mediterranean is characterized by drought in summer and autumn and rainy in winter and spring. However, the climate of the main grape producing areas in China is monsoon climate (except Xinjiang), which is hot and rainy in summer and rainy in the south in spring, making it difficult to cultivate grapes. Except Xinjiang, it is not good for grapes, and the phenomenon of grape water shortage is very obvious.

Water plays an important role in the life activities of grapes, and nutrients are transported to various organs after being dissolved in water, so water is the carrier of nutrients, which can regulate the body temperature of trees and promote the absorption of water and fertilizer through water transpiration. If the soil is too dry, it is difficult for the roots to absorb water and nutrients from the soil, and the photosynthesis is weakened, which is easy to make the old leaves turn yellow and fall off, and even the plants wither and die.

In grape cultivation, we should not only consider the requirements of grapes for suitable climatic conditions, but also pay attention to avoiding and protecting disastrous climate, such as long drought, flood, severe frost, strong wind and hail. All these may cause great losses to grape production. For example, strong winds in the growing season often break new buds, scrape off fruit ears and even destroy vines. Hail in summer often damages branches and leaves and ears, which seriously affects the yield and quality of grapes. Therefore, the frequency and intensity of a certain disaster factor should be taken into account when building a garden, and the location of the garden should be reasonably selected, the suitable direction should be determined, the shelterbelt should be built, and other corresponding protective measures should be taken.