How to match donkey breeding technology?

Meat donkeys are mainly bred by the same kind of mating, and can also be crossed with horses. Artificial insemination can be used in medical breeding, and collecting semen of improved varieties is beneficial to mass reproduction and accelerates the popularization and cultivation of improved varieties.

From weaning to 1 year, the pony's height has reached more than 90%, and its weight has reached about 60% of that of an adult. At the age of 2, the body height and weight have reached more than 94% and 70% of that of adult donkeys respectively, and both male and female donkeys have reached sexual maturity. At the age of 3, the height and weight of adults reached more than 96% and 77% respectively, and their physique and sexual function were fully mature, so they could be put into mating and start normal service. From the age of 4 to 5 years old, there is still a small increase in weight. This growth and development law of foal is dominated by animal genetic factors rather than human will. Breeders can only abide by this law and create conditions to meet their growth and development needs, and can't treat the foal badly because it is not good, resulting in stunted development and acquired hypoplasia. According to the above-mentioned growth and development rules of ponies, special attention should be paid to the following links when cultivating ponies:

① Raise the pregnant donkey to ensure the normal development of the fetus: Only when the fetus develops well can it lay a good foundation for postpartum development. Fetal growth depends on maternal nutrition, so it is necessary to strengthen the feeding of pregnant donkeys, especially in the last 2 ~ 3 months of pregnancy. The lactation ability of a donkey after giving birth to a foal is directly related to whether the donkey has accumulated a certain amount of nutrients during pregnancy. Therefore, raising a pregnant donkey is of dual significance to the good development of the fetus and after birth.

② Ensure sufficient breast milk and start feeding in advance: The lactation period of foals is generally 6 months, and the growth and development during this period has a great relationship with the future economic value. Colostrum is the only source of nutrition in early lactation, and breast milk is needed for every gain 1 kg. 1 month old, the foal needs to breastfeed 50 ~ 60 times a day, so the foal can't leave the donkey at this time. According to the composition of the donkey's milk, it secretes about 5 kilograms of milk every day, and the nutrients contained in it need to be supplemented by the donkey from the feed. If the donkey's milk is insufficient or the foal loses milk, it can be artificially fed with milk, goat's milk, etc. Or foster to other donkeys with similar delivery period and more lactation.

When supplementing milk artificially, because the fat content of cow and goat milk is higher than that of donkey milk, it should be diluted with water (1∶ 1), and a little salt and lime water should be added. The temperature should be kept at 35 ~ 37℃, fed once every 1.5 ~ 2 hours, and then gradually decreased.

Newborn foals have weak resistance and are prone to illness, such as meconium or diarrhea, so care should be taken. Pay attention to whether meconium is discharged on the day when the foal is born. When meconium does not stop, warm water or normal saline (1000ml) can be used, glycerin or soft soap can be added, and the ball washing enema can be used first; When the foal is upset and tired, you can stop pouring and massage in the opposite direction. The massage method is: face the foal, with both hands straight and two thumbs opposite, flat on the back of the affected foal's sternum, and massage with both hands to the pubic bone; During the massage action, the two thumbs press the foal's abdomen hard, and the other fingers cooperate with the action, and the massage is repeated for 3 ~ 5 times, so that the dry feces are discharged. If the foal has loose bowels and discharges gray or green feces, breastfeeding should be suspended. If diarrhea is mostly caused by unclean breasts or long-term lying in wetlands in cold weather, you should always scrub your breasts, change your mattress, keep the fence dry and warm, and give treatment.

Half a month after the foal was born, she tried to eat forage with the donkey. It is very beneficial to start feeding in advance to promote the development of foals and stimulate the development of digestive tract. When the foal 1 ~ 2 months old, it should start feeding. At first, it should be supplemented with fried beans or boiled millet or barley bran porridge, 150 ~ 200 grams per day. It gradually increased to 0.5 kg at the age of 2 months; When weaned, the foal should reach 0.75 ~ 1.0 kg. In addition, 10 ~ 15 g of salt, bone meal or stone powder should be supplemented every day. Feed at will, or eat grass with donkeys.

(3) Timely weaning and full-price feeding: Foals are generally weaned at the age of 6-7 months. Weaning is a transition from breastfeeding to independent living, and weaning should be gradual. The first year after weaning is the vigorous growth stage of foals. The height should reach 90% of the adult's and the weight should reach 60% of the adult's, that is, the average daily gain is about 0.3 kg. Therefore, weaned foals should be given a variety of high-quality forage diets, of which concentrate should account for 1/3, and the daily dosage should not be less than 1.5 kg. With the increase of age, the concentrate should also increase accordingly. At the age of 65,438+0.5 ~ 2.0 days, the feed amount of concentrate should not be lower than that of adult donkeys, and at the same time, 65,438+0.5% ~ 20% concentrate should be added to the stallion as seeds. There should be about 30% protein feed in concentrate. If there is grass, try to go out to eat grass, increase exercise and promote bone growth. Let it move, don't stand still. 1.5 years old, men and women should be separated to prevent theft, tied up and stood up. At the age of two, the useless male donkey was castrated.

(4) Strengthen the training of domestication to prevent early mating and early breeding: domestication is a basic training to influence the temperament and establish a sense of closeness through constant contact with the foal. Domestication begins from lactation, often touching the foal with hands, scratching its tail root, brushing it with a brush, luring it with food, practicing lifting limbs, fastening hooves, bringing a halter, tying and pulling. Training can exercise the physique of foals and train their service ability, starting from the age of two. When training, let him be familiar with all kinds of straps, straps or backpacks, and common passwords. At first, he wanted to wear a suit with the donkey, first learn to pull the cart and plow the field, and then learn to pull and grind the noodles. Training should be gradual, not too hasty. At first, people need to lead the way in front, cooperate with the rider, and do training such as forward, backward and turning. Trainers must be serious, accurate in passwords and clear in rewards and punishments, otherwise it is easy to form bad habits. In rural areas, the phenomenon of early mating is widespread. Although the early reproduction of live fetus can gain temporary benefits, the loss of economic and utilization value caused by its development is even greater. According to the growth and development law of foals, female donkeys should be bred no earlier than 2.5 years old and formally served no earlier than 3 years old. Male donkey breeding can start at the age of 3. Before the age of 5, slavery and mating should be appropriate.