Do you know any new building techniques?

The world population is also increasing gradually, which makes some basic resources of human society more and more tense, such as space, water and food. In the end, great changes have taken place in the environment, leading to many extreme weather events, which have had a great impact on many cities.

In order to solve these problems, people have made many innovations in the old building technology to create a clean, beautiful and livable environment.

1, robot crowd structure

Harvard researchers learn from nature (especially termites) and develop innovative methods in the field of architecture. Even without central supervision, termites can build large buildings. Termites first take a piece of soil to the first construction site. If this position is completed, they just need to move to the next position.

The TERMES project adopts the same concept of group building, but they use small robots. These simple and cheap drones can put a piece of material in the next available space according to the original design until the structure is completed, thus building the structure. This means that after the initial design, the group needs little human intervention.

This group will be ideal for dangerous places, such as space or submerged structure structures. They can also do rough work that wastes manpower and time. Because they are self-directed, they can be more efficient than humans.

2. Smart bricks

As long as you see the smart brick developed by KiteBricks, you can see that it was inspired by Lego. This kind of brick can be rotated at the top and connected in a way similar to Lego. This smart brick can be fixed where there are steel bars, and bricks with different shapes can be stacked according to the design.

This brick connection is not cement, but strong double-sided tape. Inside the building, this brick can be used to connect alternating panels with patterns, reducing the use of gypsum and paint. You can also make floors and ceilings, leaving a gap between them for insulation, water pipes and wires.

This kind of brick has better heat energy control, more uses in buildings, and can save about 50% of the construction cost.

3. Intelligent concrete

There is not enough drainage space when there is a flood. There is very little soil in the city that can absorb water, which makes this situation worse. Tarmac, a British company, invented a kind of permeable asphalt, which can be used to reduce floods.

Most concrete allows some water to penetrate into the ground, but only about 300mm (1 ft) per hour. Topmix can penetrate 36,000 millimeters (65,438+065,438+08 feet) per hour, which means 3,300 liters (880 gallons) per minute.

Unlike most concrete that uses sand, Topmix uses granite fragments. Water can seep through granite, thus being absorbed by the ground, entering sewers or being collected. In addition to reducing the possibility of flooding, Topmix can also keep roads dry and make roads safer. In addition, water can be transferred to the reservoir for reuse.

The problem with permeable concrete is that it can only be used in places that are not too cold. Cold weather will make this kind of concrete swell and eventually be destroyed. In addition, its installation cost is higher than traditional concrete, but if it can reduce flooding, it can save a lot of money in the long run.

4. Vertical cities

According to the prediction of the United Nations, the population of the earth will exceed 9.6 billion in 2050. This is 2.3 billion more people than now. In addition, it is estimated that 75% of the world's population will live in cities, which leads to a complex problem: insufficient urban space.

One way to solve this problem is to build a vertical city. It is suggested to establish vertical cities in Sahara, United Arab Emirates, China and other places.

These vertical cities will be huge buildings, providing houses, workplaces and shopping and leisure places. For example, LucaCurciArchitects of Italy will build a 189-storey building in the United Arab Emirates. This will accommodate 25,000 people, as well as shops and businesses. Because people don't have to leave the building, it solves the space problem and reduces the carbon footprint of residents.

5, solar paint

One of the biggest problems of solar panels is their large size and unsightly appearance. In order to improve this, some researchers are producing small, flexible solar cells that can be coated on the surface. In fact, a research team of the UniversityofAlberta has prepared a spray solar cell containing zinc and phosphorus nanoparticles.

If this solar paint can be sprayed on the roof, it will generate enough energy for families and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. No modification is needed, and the construction is minimized. At the same time, solar coatings are much cheaper than traditional solar panels. Although the efficiency of this coated solar cell is not high enough, researchers are trying to solve this problem.

6. Cable-free multi-directional elevator

One of the major problems of large-scale facilities is how to use them effectively. We know that an elevator has only one car. If you have ever used an elevator in a large building, you must know that sometimes it takes a long time to wait for the elevator. German elevator company ThyssenKrupp is trying to solve this problem. They hope to use magnetic levitation technology. Replace the cable. This will enable their car to move horizontally and vertically. At the same time, it can also let multiple cars run and reduce the waiting time. In the end, this maglev elevator will use less energy and be more environmentally friendly. ThyssenKrupp plans to test this new elevator system in 20 16.

7. Road printers

Paving the road is a long process. A skilled worker can pave 100 square meters of road every day on average. It is expected that the paving cycle will be shortened by pavement printers, such as Hushi Paver, which can pave 300 square meters of pavement every day. The other is RPS road printer, which can lay 500 square meters of roads every day. Each machine needs 1 to 3 as the operator. This kind of printer is driven by electricity, without too many moving parts, which is convenient for operation and maintenance. Not only that, they are very quiet compared with traditional paving methods. The biggest difference between ordinary pavement and pavement printer is that the machine lays bricks instead of asphalt. However, compared with asphalt pavement, brick pavement also has certain advantages, which can filter water and expand, so it can be used for a longer time.

8. Aerogel insulating material Aerogel is not a new material. In fact, people began to study this material in the 1920s and successfully prepared it in 1932. This material can be formed by removing liquid from the gel while adding air. This material is very light because 90% of it is air. In addition, this material has excellent insulation performance. Aerogels can be used to make insulation pipes in industrial areas and even to make Mars probes. AspenAerogels hopes to use this aerogel technology to build home insulation materials. They created a product called "space attic carpet", which is very light and thin. In addition, the performance of this blanket is 2 to 4 times higher than that of traditional thermal insulation materials. The "space attic blanket" can also let water vapor pass through and prevent fire. Therefore, this insulating material can reduce the fire of residents. However, the price of aerogel is much higher than that of traditional insulating materials, which can save cost and energy in the long run. At the same time, not all houses can be transformed with this material.

9. Diamond nanowires

As we all know, diamond is the hardest substance in nature. If the shape is right, diamonds can be a good building material. Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have created a diamond nanowire with a diameter of only 20,000 times that of human hair. Even so, diamond nanowires are considered to be the strongest material in the world. Besides, they are very light. These diamond nanowires may not be used to build ordinary buildings, but they can be used to build some special buildings, such as space elevators.

Zhucheng 10

Most westerners regard bamboo as a decorative material. But it is actually a very good building material. Phyllostachys pubescens grows fast, its strength is higher than that of steel, and it is tougher than that of cement. That's why Penda Studio in Beijing, China uses Bambusa bambusa as the main building material to build the whole city. Such a city will be sustainable, environmentally friendly and cheap. Put bamboo together, make an X-shaped link, and then tie them together to build a house. By using this technology, Penda thinks they can build houses for 200,000 people by 2023. Once this structure can be completed, the additional part can be easily completed, whether horizontally or vertically. At the same time, the whole room is also very easy to disassemble, and the disassembled parts can be recycled.