Project composition of marine hydrometeorological forecast

There are more than 20 marine hydrometeorological forecast projects. It mainly includes waves, tides, tidal currents, storm surges, earthquakes and tsunamis, water temperature, salinity, density, sound speed, sea ice, ocean currents and strong winds, typhoons, sea fog and visibility. , and has developed from simple sea state forecasting to applied forecasting and professional forecasting with great economic significance, including fishing situation forecasting, best route recommendation, special development operation support services, various marine disaster early warning and marine pollution forecasting, etc. Marine hydrometeorological forecast can be divided into short-term forecast (within 3 days), medium-term forecast (within 3 ~ 10 days) and long-term forecast (generally within one month). Sometimes short-term forecasts with aging time of several hours and ultra-long-term climate outlook with aging time of several months or even years will be released. The method of forecasting varies with the content, time limit and the level of scientific and technological development. The empirical forecasting method was discovered in the early stage of ocean forecasting and is still used for single station forecasting. Weather chart forecasting method is widely used to forecast short-term marine weather, waves and storm surges, but it has gradually moved towards mechanization and automation in chart filling and analysis. Objective forecasting methods, including harmonic period analysis, statistical pre-inference, statistical dynamic forecasting and dynamic numerical forecasting, have been widely used in many forecasts. It is the only way for the automation and quantification of marine hydrometeorological forecast, and it is also the development direction.