Can apples be grown in Chongzhou City, Chengdu City?

Apples can be grown in Chongzhou City, Chengdu City, and apples can adapt to most climates. The best choice for apple growth is between 35 and 50 degrees north and south latitude. Apples require 1000-1600 units of heat and 120-180 days of frost-free weather. Warm days, cold nights and as much light radiation as possible are prerequisites for excellent quality. Apples can withstand frost down to minus 40°C. During the flowering and fruiting stages, if the temperature is between -2.2 ℃ and -3.3 ℃, the yield will be affected. Apples bloom later than other deciduous crops. This reduces the chance of frost. However, for certain varieties and regions, where the effects of frost are more pronounced, an effective frost resistance system is necessary. Best suited to neutral, well-drained soil with a pH of 6.5.

Cultivation technology

Management

For orchards that did not apply basal fertilizer in the previous autumn and winter, it should be applied immediately after thawing (but the effect is not as good as autumn application). After fertilizing, if the garden has irrigation conditions, it should be watered once, and shallow hoeing should be done in time to protect the moisture. Dryland orchards should use top rake to protect moisture, then fertilize, and then quickly level the garden to protect moisture. Young and weak trees are then covered with "ribbon-like" films to increase warmth and moisture and promote healthy growth of the trees. The method of applying fertilizer is to dig a "ring-shaped ditch" or "tic-tac-shaped ditch" 50 cm wide and 50 cm deep under the projection of the tree canopy, apply all the base fertilizer prepared in autumn, and mix it with the soil; then spread it in the tree tray. Apply all the top dressing (multiple compound fertilizers, urea, etc.) prepared in spring, then dig it into the soil, rake it flat and smooth it. Fertilization requirements: First, try not to damage the roots with a diameter of 0.5 cm; second, the topdressing part of the tree disk should be kept 20-30 cm away from the main trunk to avoid damaging the main trunk.

Pruning buds

It is difficult for buds to germinate in the middle and rear branches of general apple varieties, especially slow-growing branches that are often "bare-legged branches". In order to promote the sprouting of branches and reduce the number of bare legs, from the end of March to the beginning of April, use a sharp knife or a sharp knife 0.5 cm above (center main branch) or in front (oblique main branches and auxiliary branches) where the sprouts need to sprout. The small saw blade damages 1/4-1/3 of the xylem. Then remove the competition (branches), buds, back (branches) buds on the main branch and auxiliary branches in the center to avoid branch sprouting, waste of nutrients, and disturbing the tree shape.

Insecticide

After the beginning of spring, the temperature gradually rises. Lime sulfur mixture is still a broad-spectrum, efficient, long residual effect, and low-cost sterilization, acaricide, Pesticides, especially those sprayed at higher concentrations before and after fruit trees sprout, have a very significant effect on reducing the base of various diseases and insect pests, reducing annual pesticide use, and reducing costs.

Preparation of lime sulfur mixture: 10 parts of sulfur powder, 7 parts of quicklime, and 60 parts of water. First heat the water, take a small amount of hot water to make a paste of sulfur powder and pour it into the pot to boil. Then slowly add quicklime, increase the firepower, and stir continuously until all the lime blocks are added and boil for 45 minutes (the first 15 minutes). Use high heat for 30 minutes, then use low heat for the next 30 minutes) and cook until the liquid turns soy sauce color, turn off the heat and let cool. After cooling, use Baume specific gravity to measure the exact concentration. It is generally required that apple trees over 3 years old should be sprayed with "Tree Protector General" 100 times liquid + Baume 3 degree lime sulfur mixture during the budding period to clean and disinfect the garden. Awakens from hibernation, stimulates autonomic nerves, and prevents various red spiders, scale insects and overwintering eggs. In early April, spray biological pesticides to control aphids and leaf curlers. In early April (after germination), use 0.3% urea solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, spray 1 to 2 times alternately at intervals of 7-10 days. It helps to strengthen the branches and leaves, promotes the emergence of new roots, gradually restores the tree's vigor, and ensures long-term vigor. When daily spraying foliar fertilizers or pesticides on fruit trees, adding 100 times of "Tree Protector General" solution can inhibit the replication of infectious viruses, resist airborne virus infection, and protect the population and quantity of beneficial animals such as earthworms and natural enemies of fruit tree pests. Therefore, while eliminating pests and diseases, it is crucial to protect natural enemies.

Re-pruning

First, for trees that are too vigorous and do not bear fruit at the right age, winter pruning can be delayed until after germination to ease the tree vigor; second, for more vigorous trees, remove the backbone branches Except for winter pruning, postpone pruning of other branches until after germination to ease the branch vigor; thirdly, when the tree enters the fruiting period, the yield should be based on the target. If there are too many flowers, some medium-long flowering branches can be shortened, string flowering branches can be shortened, or weak branches can be thinned out. Short flowering branches to reduce the number of flowering branches and increase preparation branches.

Thinning the buds

Thinning the buds of apple trees as early as possible can save nutrients, facilitate the establishment of large fruits, and promote high fruit piles. At the same time, the tree vigor is enhanced to promote the growth of spring shoots and make up for the lack of winter pruning. It can save working hours, improve efficiency and reduce costs. Under normal climate conditions, the technology of “taking flowers to determine fruit” can be promoted. That is, in mid-to-late April, when the inflorescence dews and stretches out until the inflorescence separates (the central flower is in bud), the two sides and back of the mother branch are mainly selected according to the distance between the flower clusters of 20-28 cm, except for the central flower and one side flower. , all excess flowers are thinned out, but the "clusters of leaves" must be retained.

Bee release

When entering the early flowering period (5% of central flowers are open), 0.3% borax plus 0.1% urea + 1% sucrose solution should be sprayed once in time or after the flowering period and young fruits During the period, you can also apply foliar fertilizer to strengthen the fruit. You can use 0.3%-0.5% urea + fruit strengthening spirit, which has obvious effects on increasing the fruit setting rate and enlarging the fruit. During the fruit expansion period, a large amount of nutrients and water need to be supplied, which requires a strong mother body and a healthy grooming system to meet the physiological needs of fruit development; spray 0 again when entering the full flowering period.

3% borax plus 1% honey aqueous solution + melon and fruit stimulating spirit. To increase nutrients and facilitate pollination and fruit setting. Placing a box of bees within 500 meters of the orchard during the flowering period can ensure pollination of about 10 acres and increase the fruit setting rate by 30%-50%.

Fertilization

Fertilization is generally divided into two types: accumulation fertilizer and top dressing. The specific time depends on the variety, fertilizer demand pattern, and tree growth and fruiting conditions. Under normal circumstances, it is appropriate to fertilize four times throughout the year:

Pre-flowering fertilizer or germination fertilizer (early April).

Fertilize after flowering (mid-May). These two fertilizers can effectively promote germination and flowering and promptly prevent de-fertilization due to the consumption of a large amount of nutrients by flowering, improve the fruit setting rate and promote the growth of new branches.

Flower bud differentiation and young fruit enlargement (end of May to early June). This top dressing is to meet the needs of fruit enlargement, branch and leaf growth and flower bud differentiation. This time the fertilization is mainly potassium fertilizer.

The best time to apply accumulated fertilizer is autumn (early to mid-September). When using farmyard manure as the main fertilizer, all phosphorus should be applied according to the total annual amount. In order to give full play to the fertilizer effect, phosphorus fertilizer must first be accumulated and decomposed together with organic fertilizer, and then mixed evenly before application. Its function is to ensure the photosynthesis of fruit trees from harvest to before leaf fall, improve nutrient accumulation, and lay a solid foundation for the growth and development of fruit trees in the next year. On the basis of these 4 times of fertilization, it is also necessary to consider combining foliar spray fertilizer + melon and fruit strengthening agent. Spray 0.3%-0.5% urea solution + melon and fruit pedicle strengthening agent before July, and spray 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or fruit tree micro-fertilizer + melon and fruit pedicle strengthening agent after July spirit.

Fertilization site: The capillary roots of the root system are the main organs for fruit trees to absorb nutrients. The absorption of fertilizers by fruit trees mainly depends on the root hairs in the root system. Therefore, fertilizing in the concentrated distribution area of ??the root system is one of the keys to improving fertilizer efficiency. one.