How to cultivate high-yield summer maize?

Maize is a high-yield crop, its photosynthetic efficiency is much higher than that of wheat, rice and other crops, and its nutrient consumption during respiration is also less than that of wheat and rice. Therefore, according to its physiological basis, the theoretical yield of corn should be several times higher than the current actual yield. There is great potential for increasing production. This provides a theoretical basis for us to apply new technology to obtain high yield of corn. "Tianda 2 1 16" is a high-tech product. It has a good performance on various crops, especially on corn. Combined with the overall application of "Tianda 2 1 16" in maize cultivation technology, it is discussed as follows:

1. Soil preparation and sowing:

1. Conventional cultivation techniques: the growth period of summer maize is short (in Liaocheng, spring maize only accounts for 1-2%, which is not discussed in detail), and it is mostly interplanted on wheat ridges. From the end of May to June 5, we should grab the soil and sow early. After wheat harvest, we should dig the border according to the rows of corn and apply base fertilizer in the border to promote the early development of strong seedlings. In variety selection, Zheng Dan 958, Shen Dan 16 and Agricultural University 108 with moderate growth period and high yield and disease resistance should be selected to ensure high and stable yield and suitable harvest.

2. Soak seeds with "Tianda 2 1 16" to ensure early emergence and strong seedlings. Use "Tianda 2 1 16" before sowing. 25g of special seed soaking and dressing agent can be mixed with 20kg of dry corn seeds by adding 0.75kg of water (i.e. 30 times of liquid), and can be planted after air drying; Or use "Tianda 2 1 16" special seed soaking type with 25g of water 10kg (that is, add 20kg of dry corn seeds to soak the seeds10-12hr, take them out, dry them and sow them.

Main functions: increase seed viability, improve germination potential and germination rate, reduce the harm of pests and diseases at seedling stage, and make corn have strong disease, drought and stress resistance at seedling stage. Achieve the goals of Miaozao, Gucci and Miao Zhuang.

Second, the seedling management:

Seedling stage (sowing-technical stage) is a vegetative growth stage, which includes rooting, increasing leaves and differentiation of stem nodes. Summer corn generally lasts about 30-35 days, that is, from early June to early July. The growth characteristics of maize in this period are: slow growth of stems and leaves and rapid development of roots. Therefore, the central task of field management is to promote the development of root system, cultivate strong seedlings, achieve the requirements of "four seedlings" of early emergence, complete seedlings and vigorous rejuvenation, and lay a good foundation for corn growth.

1. Routine management measures at seedling stage: timely fertilization and watering, timely seedling inspection, supplementary seedling fixing, even corn seedlings, intertillage weeding, increase nutrients and oxygen needed at seedling stage, and reduce soil evaporation. Protect soil moisture and prevent drought.

2. "Tianda 2 1 16" drought-resistant seedling type is suitable. At the seedling stage of maize, the soil is easy to dry and harden, the seedlings are weak and the root system grows poorly. On the basis of stubble cleaning and deep ploughing, spray 600 times solution of "Tianda 2 1 16" drought-resistant seedling type (25g of "Tianda 2116" per 15 kg of water). Moreover, the rainy season has entered in June in western Shandong, and the field is prone to waterlogging after rain, resulting in "bud waterlogging". Spraying "Tianda 2 1 16" for drought resistance can obviously improve the growth environment of plants when the dry soil is hardened, and can also obviously enhance the adaptability of plants to waterlogging after "bud waterlogging". It can be sprayed in mid-June and early July. Lay a good foundation for high and stable yield.

3. Title management:

Heading stage (jointing and flowering one after another) is a period from simple vegetative growth to vegetative growth and reproductive growth. Summer corn generally lasts for 27-30 days, that is, from early July to early August. The growth characteristics of this stage are: rapid elongation of stem nodes, expansion of leaves, continuous expansion of roots and rapid increase of dry matter. At the same time, the differentiation between male and female ears is strong, which is the most vigorous stage of maize development in its life and the most critical period of field management. The central task of management in this period is to enlarge the middle and upper leaves, so as to make the stems strong and firm, so as to achieve the appearance of high yield with many spikes.

1. Routine management measures at heading stage: timely fertilization and watering, deep ploughing and intertillage, promoting a large number of roots to spray out, expanding the range of nutrient absorption, and pulling out small diseased plants to facilitate ventilation and light transmission.

2. Apply the special grain type "Tianda 2 1 16" in time to adjust the contradiction between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and increase the panicle. Due to the short growth period, tall plants, growing in rainy season, it is easy to have excessive vegetative growth, which affects the increase of panicle number and panicle expansion. At this stage, 600 times of "Tianda 2 1 16" special liquid for grain should be sprayed. On the one hand, it can effectively control vegetative growth, promote reproductive growth, promote nutrient supply to panicles, and achieve the purpose of increasing production. On the other hand, it can obviously reduce the occurrence of diseases such as big leaf spot, small leaf spot and stem rot, promote the occurrence of roots and aerial roots, and strengthen the stems and roots.

Four, flower grain management:

The growth characteristic of flowering-ripening stage is that vegetative growth stops and enters a period centered on reproductive growth, which lasts for about 40 days, that is, from mid-August to late September. At this stage, the central leaf is the middle and upper leaf of the plant, which is an important period to determine the number and weight of seeds. The central task of field management at this stage is to protect leaves, improve photosynthesis, promote grain weight and achieve high yield.

1. Routine management measures at flowering and filling stage: apply more fertilizer to attack grains, and water frequently to attack grains. We should also pay attention to artificial pollination, shallow intertillage in the later stage, break the hardening and promote the development of root system, which not only prevents premature aging, but also facilitates early maturity and improves grain weight.

2. Spraying special grain type "Tianguo 2 1 16" can increase leaf function and promote ear grain fullness. The weather turns cold in autumn, and the photosynthesis of corn weakens. During this period, 600 times of "Tianda 2116" should be sprayed 1~2 times, and the time interval is about 15 days. On the one hand, it can obviously prolong the functional period of leaves, enhance the photosynthetic performance of maize plants and produce more photosynthetic products; On the other hand, it can also inhibit the diseases such as leaf blight, scab and smut which are easy to occur in the later period, reduce the dosage of pesticides and improve the yield and quality of corn.

In recent years, experiments and field practice show that the reasonable application of "Tianda 2 1 16" series products has greatly improved the yield and quality of corn during the whole growth period, from seed soaking to harvest. Most towns and villages used in yanggu county and Dongchangfu District have increased their production to varying degrees, generally increasing their production by about 20%, and some even increased their production by more than 10%. After application, the stress resistance of maize such as drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, disease resistance, disease resistance and insect resistance is obviously enhanced, and the dosage of pesticides is reduced by about 50%, which improves the quality of maize products and is an ideal product worth popularizing in a large area.