The story of scientists' discovery and invention 100 words.

"One" requires scientists to invent and discover short stories.

Tang (1897—— 1958) was born in Liling, Hunan. 192 1 Graduated from Xiangya Medical College with a doctor of medicine. 65438-0925, Harvard Medical School. After returning to China, he successively served as a professor at the Medical College of Shanghai Central University, the head of the Department of Bacteriology of Shanghai Leicester Institute, and a professor at Shanghai Medical College. 1943, he manufactured the first batch of penicillin in China with simple equipment designed by himself. He is the founder of the first antibiotic laboratory and penicillin production workshop, the first experimental animal farm and the first regular BCG laboratory in China. 1948, elected as a permanent member of the 7th International Society of Microbiology. He used to be the director of the Central Institute of Biological Products of the Ministry of Health and the chairman of the National Society of Microbiology. 1956, trachoma virus was isolated for the first time in the world, and it was called "Down virus" by the world microbial community.

Second, the scientist's invention story 100 is enough ~

A scientist's invention story

1, Newton-the discovery of gravity

Everyone knows the story that Newton discovered the law of gravity from the fall of an apple. In fact, it is just a story fabricated by Voltaire, a French enlightenment thinker, to promote natural science.

Before Newton, people knew that there were two kinds of "forces": all objects on the ground were affected by gravity, and there was gravity between the moon and the earth in the sky and between the planet and the sun. Are these two forces different in nature? Or are they different manifestations of the same force? Newton considered this problem when he was studying at Cambridge University.

When Newton was 23 years old, the plague was prevalent in London. In order to prevent students from being infected, Cambridge University informed students to leave school and go home to avoid the epidemic, and the school was temporarily closed. Newton returned to his hometown of Lincolnshire. He still hasn't stopped studying and thinking about gravity.

At that time, children in rural areas often used slings for several rounds and then threw stones far away. They can also pour a bucket of milk on their heads without spilling it.

This phenomenon inspired Newton's imagination about gravity: "What keeps the stones in the catapult and the milk in the bucket from falling?" This question reminds him of the ideas of Kepler and Galileo. He went from vast space, endless planets, cold moon to huge earth, and then thought about the interaction between these giants. This pair of Newton firmly grasped these magical ideas and plunged into the calculation and verification of "gravity". Newton plans to use this principle to verify the laws of the planets in the solar system. He first deduced the distance between the moon and the earth, but the calculation result was wrong because the quoted data was incorrect. Because it is assumed that the centripetal acceleration of the moon should be 16 feet per minute, but it is actually only 13.9 feet. In the predicament of failure, Newton did not lose heart, but made greater efforts to study hard.

167 1 year released the newly measured radius of the earth value. Newton used these data to re-examine his theory, and at the same time used his own calculus to deal with the calculation of gravity acceleration when the earth can not be regarded as a particle in the relationship between the moon and the earth. Through these two improvements, Newton got two identical acceleration values. This makes him feel that gravity and gravity are the same in essence. He also applied the three laws (Newton's three laws) based on the motion of objects on the ground to planetary motion, and reached a satisfactory and correct conclusion.

After seven years of cold and heat, Newton finally proved the world-famous "law of gravity" at the age of 30, laying the foundation for theoretical astronomy and celestial mechanics.

The discovery of the law of universal gravitation declared that everything in the sky and on the earth follows the same law, completely negating the different ideas of heaven and on the earth advocated by religious forces since Aristotle, which is a leap in the history of human cognition.

(3) Short stories invented by scientists 100 words or more.

A short story invented by scientists:

I. Franklin

1one day in June, 752, in the suburb of Philadelphia, USA, it was covered with dark clouds and thunder and lightning. On a wide lawn, two people, an old man and a young man, are flying kites with great interest. Suddenly, a flash of lightning cut through the clouds and drew a "Z" in the sky. Then there was a loud thunder and the rain poured down. The old man shouted, "William, stand in the straw house over there and tighten the kite string."

At this time, lightning flashed one after another, and the thunder was louder and louder. Suddenly William shouted, "Dad, look!" " "The old man looked in the direction pointed by his son, only to see that the original bare and taut hemp rope suddenly burst into anger, and those tiny fibers stood up straight. He shouted happily, "It's coming!" While telling his son to be careful, he slowly approached the copper key attached to the hemp rope with his hand.

Suddenly, as if he had been pushed, he fell to the ground and was numb. Without considering the pain, he got up from the ground and connected the Leyden bottle he had brought with him to the bronze key. There is electricity in this Leyden bottle, which releases electric sparks. It turns out that the sky electricity and the earth electricity are the same!

He and his son took the Leyden bottle home like a treasure.

The people who seized Sky Power were Franklin and his son William. Franklin was not only a great scientist, but also an outstanding politician and diplomat. He was one of the founders of the Declaration of Independence and the first American ambassador abroad.

Second, Archimedes

Archimedes was born into a noble family in Syracuse, and his father was an astronomer. Under the influence of his father, Asmid was fond of learning, thinking and arguing since childhood. When I grew up, I traveled across the ocean to study in Alexandria, Egypt. He learned philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, physics and other knowledge from Conon of Samos, a student of the famous scientist Euclid at that time, and finally learned from others and mastered the rich Greek cultural heritage.

During his study in Alexandria, he often walked along the Nile. In the season of long drought and no rain, he saw farmers laboriously pumping water from the Nile to irrigate the land, so he created a spiral water pump to take water from the river through spiral rotation, which saved farmers a lot of effort. Not only used today, but also the original prototype of all propellers used on water and in the air at present.

Third, Pavlov.

When I was a child, Pavlov and his brother dug a pit for planting apple trees. This hole has been dug. When my father saw it, he said it was misplaced and dug it again. My brother put down his shovel and quit, but Pavlov ignored the blood bubbles on his hand and dug again until he dug a hole and planted an apple tree.

Later, Pavlov became a physiologist, studying dog conditioned reflex in the laboratory all day.

He often uses his salary to buy experimental dogs. It takes four or five hours to dissect a dog. He counted the dog's saliva flowing out of the glass tube very carefully and recorded it in his notebook in detail. A new assistant counted for a while and felt bored.

Pavlov solemnly said to him, "If science needs it, give him ten or twenty years!" At the age of 87, Pavlov contracted hepatitis and later pneumonia, but he still worked as a "hard worker of science". He also feels very sorry that he has not fully fulfilled his obligations to mankind as a scientist.

Fourth, radar

In the British magazine Pink Sleeping 1947 1 Month, a scientist published a funny article, explaining to us how bats guide themselves to fly in the dark, no matter how dark or narrow, they will not hit the wall. What is the reason? How does it understand that there are no obstacles ahead?

1940, two American biologists Griffin and Garangbao used a natural radar to prove that bats can avoid collisions, but sound waves replaced electromagnetic waves, which are completely similar in principle. The bat's mouth emits extremely high-frequency sound waves, which are beyond the range of human hearing.

Two scientists used a special electronic device to record the high-frequency sound waves emitted by bats during flight. This kind of sound wave will inevitably turn back when it hits the wall. Its eardrum can distinguish the distance of obstacles and fly in the right direction. Like radar, bats emit sound waves at short intervals and very regularly.

And each bat has its own natural frequency, so that bats can distinguish their own voices without disturbing them. For this reason, when a bat flies, it often opens its mouth. If you shut its mouth tightly, it will lose its command function. If it blocks its ears, it will hit the wall and cannot fly. This interesting experiment revealed its secret.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) Nobel Prize

Nobel's father is a talented inventor who devoted himself to chemical research, especially explosives. Influenced by his father, Nobel showed a tenacious and brave character from an early age. He often goes to test explosives with his father. Years of studying explosives with his father also made his interest quickly turn to applied chemistry. He began to study nitroglycerin.

This is a difficult journey full of danger and sacrifice. Death has always been with him. An explosion experiment exploded and the laboratory was blown up without a trace. Five assistants were killed, even his brother. This amazing explosion gave Nobel's father a very heavy blow and died soon.

His neighbors, out of fear, also sued Nobel. Since then, Nobel has been forbidden to carry out experiments in this city. But Nobel is indomitable. He moved his laboratory to a boat in a suburban lake to continue his experiment.

After long-term research, he finally found a substance that is very easy to cause explosion-mercury fulminate. He used mercury fulminate to make explosive detonator, which successfully solved the problem of explosive detonation. This is the invention of detonator. This is a major breakthrough on Nobel's scientific road.

のの The story of scientists' inventions and discoveries (150~200 words)

1747, French engineer Franois Fraineau made the world's earliest raincoat. He used latex obtained from rubber wood to soak cloth shoes and metal jackets in this latex solution, which can play a waterproof role.

McIntosh, who works in a rubber factory in Scotland, can't afford to buy rain gear, so he has to go to work in the rain every rainy day. One day, he accidentally spilled rubber juice on his clothes and could not wipe it off, so he had to wear it home. When it was raining outside, McIntosh was surprised to find that his clothes were not wet at all, so he simply coated all his clothes with rubber juice. This is the first tape raincoat in the world.

The story of "Wu" scientist (within 100 words)

Seven Lemon Sciences provides you with three short stories of scientists:

1, Boyle

Boyle believes that only experiment and observation are the basis of scientific thinking. He always clarifies his views through rigorous and scientific experiments. 1680, he was elected president of the royal society, but he refused to accept this honor. Although he was born into a noble family, he devoted his life to scientific research and life. He never married and devoted his life to exploring natural science. Engels once gave him the highest evaluation: "Boyle identified chemistry as science."

2.edison

Edison was a poor worker before he became famous. Once, his old friend met him in the street and said with concern, "look, this coat on you is very worn." You should get a new one. " "Need it to be? Nobody knows me in new york. " Edison answered indifferently. A few years later, Edison became a great inventor. One day, Edison met that friend again in the street of new york. "Oh," exclaimed my friend, "why are you still wearing this old coat? This time, I have to change a new one anyway! " "Need it to be? Everyone here already knows me. " Edison still answered casually.

3. Li Siguang

Li Siguang, a famous geologist, studied hard at Birmingham University in England for six years in his early years and obtained a master's degree in geology. His teacher advised him to stay for further study and return to China after obtaining his doctorate. Li Siguang declined the teacher's kindness. He replied, "No, I want to contribute what I have learned to my motherland as soon as possible." 1920 resumed work until 1937 when War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out. After that, he still insisted on geological research when he was abroad. By 1950, he put aside the advantages of foreign countries and resolutely made a detour from England to return home when everything was in ruins in New China. As the geological minister of New China, he has made outstanding contributions to the petroleum industry in China.

If you want to know more about science, please ask seven lemon sciences for help!

The invention story of "Lu" scientist 100 words.

Madame Curie

Madame Curie is famous all over the world, but she seeks neither fame nor profit. She won 10 awards in various versions, 16 medals and 107 honorary titles in her life, but she didn't care at all. One day, a friend of hers visited her home and suddenly saw her little daughter playing with the gold medal just awarded to her by the Royal Society, so she was surprised and said, "Madame Curie, it is a great honor to receive the medal awarded by the Royal Society. How can I play for my children? " Madame Curie said with a smile: "I want children to know from an early age that honor, like a toy, can only be played, and must not be taken too seriously, otherwise nothing will be achieved."

Edison

Edison invented the electric lamp and did 1500 experiments, but failed to find a suitable material for the lamp filament. After 1600 experiments of heat-resistant materials and more than 600 kinds of plant fibers, the first carbon filament bulb was made, which can burn for 45 hours at a time. Later, on this basis, he constantly improved the manufacturing method, and finally invented a bamboo light bulb that can ignite 1200 hours. His perseverance is worth learning.

The Invention of Qi Scientists 100 words

Once, Edison improved the telegraph with symbols printed on paper tape in a quiet laboratory alone. At this time, a monotonous voice in the telegram attracted him. When trying to eliminate this sound, Edison accidentally discovered that it was the sound made by the paper tape under the pressure of the small shaft. When the pressure on the small axis changes, the pitch changes. This gave him the idea of recording and recovering sound by moving channels with different depths on the carrier.

Coincidentally, when Edison tried the telephone again, he found that the diaphragm in the microphone vibrated with the sound. He found a needle, stood on the diaphragm, gently pressed the upper end with his hand, and then spoke to the diaphragm. Experiments show that the higher the sound, the faster the vibration; When the sound is low, the vibration slows down. This discovery strengthened his determination to invent the phonograph.

A few days later, Edison drew a sketch and immediately began to work with his assistant. The main part of the phonograph is a metal cylinder, the edge of which is engraved with spiral grooves. It is pressed on a long shaft with a crank at one end. When the crank is shaken, the cylinder will rotate accordingly. In addition, there are two small metal tubes. One end of the metal tube is equipped with a membrane plate, and the center of the membrane plate has a blunt needle tip. After numerous transformations, the world's first phonograph was born. Edison recalled: "I said a word loudly and the machine played my voice back." I have never been so surprised in my life. "

Edison changed the phonograph again and again at the beginning of his invention. Ten years later, he removed the phonograph from the dust on the shelf. In order to continue to improve it, he applied for more than 100 invention patents on the phonograph alone. He is deaf, and it is amazing that he can invent such a machine that can make sound. When we see today's phonograph, don't forget that it is permeated with Edison's countless painstaking efforts. In fact, for more than a century, the great wave of civilization and invention caused by the phonograph has far-reaching influence. The phonograph, tape recorder, tape recorder and laser audio-visual machine came out one after another. Are they all Edison's great inventions?

A short story about a scientist (only 100 words)

Once, Einstein wanted to replace an old painting on the wall, so he moved a ladder to climb it. Suddenly, he was lost in thought. After falling off the ladder, regardless of the pain, he immediately thought: Why do people fall straight? It seems that objects always move along the path of least resistance. Einstein limped to the table and wrote down the idea. This is a great inspiration to the theory of relativity he is studying.

Relativity has a great influence on the development of modern physics and modern human thought. Relativity logically unifies classical physics and makes it a perfect scientific system. Fundamentally solved the problem that physics was limited to inertial system in the past, and got a reasonable arrangement in logic.

Relativity strictly examines the basic concepts of physics such as time, space, matter and motion, and gives the time-space view and material view of scientific system, thus making physics a perfect scientific system logically.

(8) The stories of scientists' discoveries and inventions are expanded to 100 words.

Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, the kingdom of Wü rttemberg, Germany, and graduated from Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, a Jewish physicist.

Einstein was born in a Jewish family in Ulm, Germany on 1879. 1900 graduated from the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich and became a Swiss citizen. 1905 received a doctorate from the University of Zurich. Einstein put forward the photon hypothesis and successfully explained the photoelectric effect. So he won the Nobel Prize in physics at 192 1 and founded the special theory of relativity at 1905. General relativity was founded in 19 15.

Einstein often told people that learning time is a constant, but its efficiency is a variable. It is unwise to simply pursue study time. The most important thing is to improve learning efficiency. Einstein also summed up a formula based on his own personal experience, that is, a = x+y+z, A stands for success, X stands for the correct method, Y stands for hard work, and Z stands for less nonsense.

Einstein laid a theoretical foundation for the development of nuclear energy and initiated a new era of modern science and technology, and was recognized as the greatest physicist after Galileo and Newton. 199965438+On February 26th, Einstein was selected as "the great man of the century" by American Time magazine.

The story invented by scientists is about 100 words.

The story of scientific discovery

Pasteur (Louis) was born in Dole, Jura, France on February 27th, 1822. His father is a veteran of Napoleon's army and a tanner. 1847, Pasteur graduated from Paris Teachers College. After graduation, I engaged in chemical research and studied tartrate crystals. He found that these crystals are not exactly the same, they have hidden asymmetry, and some crystals are mirror images of other crystals, just like the relationship between left hand and right hand. His achievements in crystal research played a decisive role in the development of stereochemistry. Later, it was found that Pasteur was very lucky when he took the method of preparing crystals. In order to get the separated two crystals, he had to use a special method, but Pasteur adopted this special method completely by accident, and few people after him could make large asymmetric crystals like him. As Pasteur said, "Opportunity favors those who are prepared".

Pasteur became famous at a stroke. He won many professorships and became a member of the Honorary Corps. Although he became famous in chemistry, what made him shine in history was his great achievements in microbiology.

1In September, 854, the French Ministry of Education appointed Pasteur as the president of Lille Institute of Technology and the head of the Department of Chemistry. There, he became interested in the alcohol industry, and an important process of making alcohol is fermentation. At that time, an alcohol factory in Lille encountered technical problems and asked Pasteur to help study the fermentation process. Pasteur went deep into the factory and brought all kinds of beet root juice and fermentation broth back to the laboratory for observation. After many experiments, he found that there was a sphere much smaller than yeast in the fermentation broth, which grew up to be yeast.

After a period of time, the buds grow on the phyllodes, and when they grow up, they fall off and become new spheres. In this continuous cycle, the beet root juice is "fermented". Pasteur continued his research and found that alcohol and carbon dioxide gas produced during fermentation came from the decomposition of sugar by yeast. This process can even occur in the absence of oxygen. He believes that fermentation is the anaerobic respiration of yeast and controls its living conditions, which is the key link in wine making.

Pasteur clarified the mystery of fermentation, and from then on Pasteur finally became a great microbiologist and the founder of microbiology.

At that time, the French beer industry was very famous in Europe, but beer often turned sour. The whole barrel of delicious beer turned into sour mucus and had to be dumped, which made the wine merchants complain bitterly and some even went bankrupt. 1865, the owner of a brewery in Lille asked Pasteur to help cure the disease of beer and see if a chemical could be added to prevent beer from turning sour.

Pasteur promised to study the problem. He observed under a microscope and found a spherical yeast cell in the liquid of aged wine and beer. When wine and beer turn sour, there will be lactobacillus in wine. It is this "bad guy" who breeds in nutritious beer and makes the beer "sick". He put the closed wine bottle in a wire basket, soaked it in water and heated it to different temperatures, trying to kill lactic acid bacteria without boiling beer. After repeated experiments, he finally found a simple and effective method: as long as the wine is kept at 50℃ or 60℃ for half an hour, the lactic acid bacteria in the wine can be killed. This is the famous "pasteurization method", which has been used to this day and is also the sterilized milk on the market.

At that time, the owner of the brewery didn't believe in Pasteur's method. Pasteur was in no hurry. He heated some samples, others didn't, and told the host to wait patiently for several months. As a result, the heated sample tastes pure after opening, while the unheated sample is very sour.

When Pasteur became a legend in France, sericulture in southern France was facing a crisis. A disease caused the death of a large number of silkworms, which severely hit the mixed silk industry in the south. People turned to Pasteur for help, and Pasteur's teacher, Duma, encouraged him to take up the burden.

"But I have never dealt with silkworms!" Pasteur said uncertainly.

"Isn't that better?" Teacher Duma encouraged him to say.

When Pasteur thought that France would lose 654.38 billion francs every year because of silkworm disease, he no longer hesitated. As a scientist, he has the responsibility to save the endangered French sericulture. Pasteur accepted the appointment of the Minister of Agriculture and went to Alai, a sericulture disaster area in southern France, on 1865.

Silkworm suffers from a mysterious and strange disease, which makes people feel very uncomfortable. Sick silkworms often hold their heads high and stretch their feet like cat claws to catch people. Silkworms are covered with brown and black spots, as if covered with pepper. Most people call this disease "pepper disease". Some sick silkworms died soon after hatching, and some struggled to survive to the third or fourth age, and finally died. Few silkworms cocoon, but the silkworms that can be drilled out are incomplete, and the offspring are also sick silkworms. The local sericulture people have tried everything, but they still can't cure the silkworm disease.

Pasteur observed with a microscope and found an oval brown particle that infected a silkworm and mulberry leaves that raised silkworm. Pasteur stressed that all infected silkworms and contaminated food must be destroyed and silkworms must be raised from scratch. In order to prove the infectivity of "pepper disease", he used this pathogenic granule to brush mulberry leaves, and healthy silkworms got sick immediately after eating it. He also pointed out that the pathogens of silkworms placed on the shelf can be transmitted to the silkworms in the lower shelf through the falling silkworm droppings.

Pasteur also discovered another disease of silkworm-intestinal disease. The bacteria that cause this silkworm disease parasitize in the intestines of silkworm, making the whole silkworm black and die. A corpse is as soft as an air bag and perishable.

Pasteur told people that the method of eliminating silkworm disease is simple. By checking and eliminating the diseased moth, the spread of the disease can be stopped, and silkworms can be hatched without the eggs of the diseased moth. This method saved sericulture in France.

Pasteur invented many things in his life and made outstanding contributions to biological science and medicine. By chance, he found a panacea for chickens.

Chicken cholera is a rapidly spreading plague, which is extremely fierce. Once the chickens raised at home are infected with chicken cholera, they will die in batches. Sometimes, people just saw some chickens foraging around. After a while, their legs suddenly trembled, then they fell down, struggled a few times and died. When some peasant women close the chicken coop at night, they are very happy to see all the chickens dead and lying in the coop. 1880, there was a terrible chicken cholera epidemic in rural France, and Pasteur was determined to win the plague.

In order to find out the cause of chicken cholera, Pasteur took the cultivation of pure chicken cholera bacteria as a breakthrough. He tried many cultural solutions. He concluded that the intestine of chicken is the most suitable breeding environment for chicken cholera bacteria, and the infectious medium is chicken feces. He tried many times, but all failed. In a daze, he had to relax, stop his research work and have a rest.

After a few days' rest, Pasteur began his research experiment again. At this time, they discovered the "New World". He inoculated the chicken with the old culture solution, but the chicken was not infected, as if the cholera bacteria had lost its effect on the chicken. What's going on here? Pasteur finally found that the toxicity of cholera bacteria gradually weakened due to the role of oxygen in the air. So, he injected healthy chickens with bacterial liquid for several days, 65,438+0 months, 2 months and 3 months, and made a set of comparative experiments. The mortality rates of chickens were 65,438 000%, 80%, 50% and 65,438 00% respectively. If the bacterial solution is injected for a longer time, the chicken will get sick, but it will not die. Things didn't end there. He also inoculated the same batch of chickens with fresh bacterial liquid. To his surprise, almost all the chickens inoculated with the old bacterial liquid were safe and sound, while those without the old bacterial liquid died completely. Practice has proved that all chickens injected with low toxic bacteria liquid, and then injected with virulent enough chicken cholera bacteria, are also drug-resistant, and their condition is mild or even has no effect.

The method to prevent chicken cholera has been found! Pasteur's accidental discovery made him confirm the principle of attenuated immunization, which led to the idea of making anthrax vaccine. Although he was a former British doctor and Jenner invented the method of vaccinia inoculation, Pasteur was the first person who consciously cultivated and made a successful immune vaccine and widely used it to prevent many diseases.

"Will, work and success are the three elements of life. Will will open the door to your career; Work is the way to enter the room; At the end of this road, there is a success to celebrate the results of your efforts ... As long as you have a strong will and work hard, you will have a successful day. " This is a famous saying of Pasteur about success.

One day, while drinking tea, he looked at the moving lid of the pot. He looked at the pot on the stove and the cup in his hand, and suddenly he was inspired: the tea is getting cold, so pour it into the cup; If the steam is cold, why not pour it out of the cylinder?

Taking this into account, Watt immediately designed a condenser separated from the cylinder, which increased the thermal efficiency by three times, while using only one quarter of the original coal. As soon as this key place broke through, Watt suddenly felt that the future was bright. He went to the university to ask Professor Black some theoretical questions, and the professor introduced him to Wilkin, the technician who invented the boring machine. Technicians immediately made the cylinder and piston by boring the barrel, which solved the most troublesome air leakage problem.

A leather merchant likes fishing. The place where he often goes is the Newfoundland fishing ground. One winter morning, the fur trader came to this fishing ground again. Maybe it's because it snowed heavily the night before. It was very cold that day, and the whistling wind blew on my face like a knife. The cobbler made great efforts to cut a hole in the frozen sea and then began to fish. He saw a very interesting phenomenon: the fish caught on the ice quickly froze hard, and as long as the ice did not melt, the fish would not taste bad after three to five days. Can food be frozen to keep fresh? The cobbler asked himself this question. He started the experiment. After many explorations, he found that not only fish can keep fresh under freezing conditions, but also other foods, such as beef and vegetables. He decided to make a refrigeration machine.