Senior one geography workbook answer

The position of the earth in the universe

fill (up) a vacancy

1, star, nebula 2, dwarf planet, comet (popularity group)

3. Jupiter and Mercury; Mercury, Neptune; Venus, Mars, Venus

Second, choose

1、A 2、D 3、B 4、A 5、6、C 7、C、D 8、B、C

Third, connect

leave out

Fourth, look at the picture and analyze.

1, (1)A, c, b, D (2)D, b, c, A 2, omitted.

(1) Corona, chromosphere, photosphere (2), sunspot → photosphere solar wind → corona flare → chromosphere (3) photosphere → chromosphere above 6000 K →4500 to tens of thousands K.

Corona → Millions of K _ (4) A and C

Verb (abbreviation of verb) short answer

1, stars can emit light by themselves; Compared with stars, nebulae have the characteristics of large mass, small volume and low density.

2. Planets are made of solid matter; Comets are made of ice and have little mass.

Topic 2 The Earth's Partner-the Moon

First, choose

1、C 2、D 3、A、C、D 4、A、B

Second, look at the picture analysis

1, new moon, first quarter moon, full moon, second quarter moon 2, a, C 3, big

Third, the judge.

There is something wrong with every sentence: roar, cold wind, heaviness, trudging, no starlight at all, lightning, lightning, flying and so on.

Theme 3 human exploration of space

fill (up) a vacancy

1、 1957; 198 1 2, earth, moon, sun, galaxy 3, space resources, solar energy resources, mineral resources and environmental resources.

Second, choose

1、D 2、A 3、C 4、A、B、C

Third, look at the picture analysis.

C, B, E, D, A

Theme 4 the movement of the earth

fill (up) a vacancy

1, equator, two poles, west 12, east 12 3, minus one day.

4, 1, fast; 7, slow 5, yellow-red intersection angle, 23 26'

6,23,26', Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn 7, Equinox, Autumnal Equinox, 0

8, 23, 26, 0 9, longest and shortest, day, polar day; polar night

10, the intersection of yellow and red, the direct point of the sun, the height of the sun at noon, the length of day and night, and the change of four seasons.

Second, choose

1、B 2、D 3、C 4、A 5、B

6、D 7、D 8、B 9、A 10、C 1 1、C

Third, look at the picture analysis.

1( 1)__ South _ _ North _ _.

(2)A.__30 S__，_ _ 45e _ _； B.__30 N__，__ 135 W__ .

(3)_ Southeast

(4)__0 point _ _, __2 1 point _ _.

2 、( 1)__D__ 、__B__ .

(2)__ East _ _, __90__, _ _ East 6__.

(3)__8__，_C__ .

3 、( 1)23 ^ 26′S； 66 degrees 34 minutes north latitude

(2) the moth's eyebrow moon

(3)C

4.( 1)__ Lhasa _ _ Harbin _ _, __ 1 hour for 25 minutes _ _.

(2)__ Harbin _ _ Lhasa _ _.

5.( 1)__ North _. (2)__ Equator _ _ _ The length of day and night in the whole northern hemisphere is equal _ _.

(3)__ Autumnal Equinox _ _ Vernal Equinox _ _.

6 、( 1)& lt； Counter-clockwise >. (2) Answer. (3) B. (4) D, B, C and A.

(5)B, D, D, A. [6] C.

7. (1) 65438+February 22nd. (2) Equal division of day and night. (3) due east. (4) 23 degrees and 26 minutes north latitude.

The second article rocks and landforms

Theme 5 Plate Movement

fill (up) a vacancy

1, continental drift, seafloor spreading 2, stability, active crustal movement

3. Strength, Grade 4. Pacific Rim, Red Sea Coast and East Africa, Mediterranean-Himalaya-Indonesia, Seabed

Second, choose

1、B 2、D 3、C 4、C 5、B、C、D 6、A、B 7、B、C

Third, connect

Atlantic Ocean → Plate Splitting Himalayan Mountains → Collision between Continental Plate and Continental Plate → Island Arc of Western Pacific → Collision between Continental Plate and Ocean Plate.

Fourth, look at the picture and analyze.

1, (1) Omit (2) Pacific Ocean, Antarctica (3)A, A, B.

2.( 1) omit (2)C, d, a, b, d.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) short answer

Most earthquakes and volcanoes on earth occur at the junction of plates.

Due to the tension or collision at the junction of plates, the rock strata are broken and dislocated, causing earthquakes;

The junction is the weak zone of the earth's crust, and the magma inside the earth spews out, forming a volcanic eruption.

Theme 6 rocks and minerals

fill (up) a vacancy

1, magmatic rocks, sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks 2, biotite, feldspar 3, fossil 4, granite, seasonal sandstone, metamorphic rocks.

Second, the analysis and selection of reading pictures

1、D 2、C 3、D 4、B 5、A 6、A 7、A

8、A、B、E 9、A、F 10、A、B

Third, connect

Granite → intrusive basalt → extrusive sandstone → clastic sedimentary rocks.

Limestone → chemical sedimentary rock marble → metamorphic rock

Fourth, look at the picture and analyze.

1, magma

C A B

Metamorphic boron carbide deposit

2. Chemical elements, minerals, rocks and lithosphere

mineral

3.( 1) oxygen, silicon (2) aluminum carbon (3) carbon

Verb (abbreviation of verb) short answer

1、

The matter in the lithosphere keeps circulating.

Magma rises along the lithospheric fault zone, and those that condense and crystallize underground are called intrusive rocks, while those that gush out of the surface are called extrusive rocks. Due to crustal movement, rocks deep in the crust will also emerge from the surface.

The rocks on the road surface are weathered, eroded, transported, deposited and solidified to form sedimentary rocks.

Influenced by crustal movement and magmatic activity, the original rock formed metamorphic rocks under high temperature and high pressure.

Crustal movement will also make rocks dive into the mantle and melt into magma again.

2、

The sedimentary process of sedimentary rocks is layered from bottom to top, and obvious bedding structure can be seen. Fossils of animals and plants in the sedimentary period are often preserved in rock strata, indicating the living environment of ancient creatures, so they are called "pages" and "words" to record the history of the earth.

Theme 7 Topography

fill (up) a vacancy

1, flowing water landform, karst landform, coastal landform, aeolian landform and loess landform.

2, erosion, accumulation 3, cold, hypoxia, frozen soil 4, mountain peaks; Basins and depressions

5. serious, 25. Planting 6. Chongqing, Jinan, Wuhan, Lhasa and Harbin

Second, choose

1、A 2、B 3、B 4、A 5、A、D 6、A、C 7、B、C、D 8、A、D 9、B、C

Third, look at the picture analysis.

1 、( 1)①③②④⑤⑥ abc .①②③④ ⑤⑥

(2)D and B (3)B deposit A erosion

2.( 1) The longitude and latitude of the Yangtze River and the shape of the estuary (2)A is located on the concave bank of the river, with strong scouring and deep water. (3) In the left section of the Yangtze River Estuary, due to the influence of geostrophic drift, the river is constantly scouring the south bank, which leads to the widening of the channel on the south side of the Yangtze River Estuary and the corresponding southward movement of the channel. On the north side of the island, the river flows slowly, and the sediment is continuously deposited, and finally it is connected with the north shore.

(4) The vegetation in the middle and upper reaches of the river is seriously damaged, and the soil erosion and siltation in the lower reaches are serious.

3.( 1) Mountain 500 200 (2) Peaks, saddles, steep cliffs, ridges and valleys

(3) steepness (4) 1300, 1 100, 2000 (5) northwest and southeast.

(6) The contour lines of the forest and the east are sparse and the slope is gentle, so it can be reclaimed appropriately.

(7) Pay attention to the scale, determine the intersection and spacing between MN line and contour line, and connect them into a smooth curve.

Fourth, connection

leave out

Verb (abbreviation of verb) short answer

1, loess is porous, vertical joints are developed, and it is easy to be eroded by running water, and soil erosion is very serious. Therefore, it is easy to take measures such as building horizontal terraces, storing water for irrigation and planting trees and grass.

Karst landform has thin soil layer, low fertility, water leakage in karst caves and underground rivers, and serious shortage of surface water. Because of water conservancy construction, water for agricultural production has been guaranteed.

2. Judging from the time interval between the three coastlines, the speed of land reclamation in Shanghai is accelerating. It shows that due to the increasing population in the middle and upper reaches, human activities have intensified, vegetation destruction has become more and more serious, soil erosion has intensified, and siltation has accelerated.

3. Take measures such as reducing groundwater extraction and surface water recharge to control land subsidence.

Chapter III Atmosphere, Weather and Climate

Topic 8 Composition and vertical stratification of the atmosphere

First, contact

leave out

Second, choose

1、B 2、B 3、B 4、B

Third, look at the picture analysis.

1.( 1)A、C、A

(2)B，D .

(3) This layer of ozone absorbs more solar ultraviolet radiation.

(4)A, which decreases with the elevation (the average vertical decline rate is -0.6℃/ 100 m). The near-surface atmosphere is mainly heated and cooled by absorbing ground radiation, and the vertical convection movement is remarkable;

This layer concentrates about 3/4 of the atmospheric mass and almost all the water vapor and impurities.

2.( 1) Ozone, water vapor and dust

(2) D, C and B

(3) At noon in summer, the sun has a large altitude angle and a long sunshine time.

(4) On a clear night, water vapor and cloud cover are scarce, atmospheric inverse radiation is weak, ground heat loss is large, and frost often occurs.

(5) The two places are rainy, with low atmospheric transparency, short sunshine time and less solar radiation on the surface; On the other hand, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has high altitude, thin air, great atmospheric transparency and large solar radiation on the surface.

Theme 9 Planetary wind system

First, choose

1、A 2、C 3、C 4、D 5、B

Second, look at the picture analysis

1.( 1) The latitude distribution of solar radiation is uneven; The earth's rotation deflection force.

(2) Polar high pressure area, sub-polar low pressure area, subtropical high pressure area and equatorial low pressure area.

(3) northeast wind and southwest wind

2.( 1) equatorial low pressure area, westerly belt

(2)√ √ √ × √ ×

3.

One more; Controlled by the equatorial low pressure belt, updraft prevails and precipitation is abundant.

B less; Controlled by the subtropical high zone, downdraft prevails and precipitation is little.

C more; Controlled by the sub-polar low pressure area, the air currents with different cold and warm properties from the polar high and the subtropical high converge and rise, resulting in an increase in precipitation.

4.( 1) The precipitation passing through the mainland is more in the east and less in the west.

(2) controlled alternately by subtropical high and inland trade winds; There is a cold current passing through the west bank, which has a strong cooling and dehumidification effect.

5.( 1)① ② ④ ⑤ ④ ⑤

(2) Symmetrical north-south distribution with the equator as the "axis"; Mainly tropical climate, savanna climate and tropical desert climate are widely distributed;

The main reason: most of the African continent is located in the tropics, and the equator crosses the central part of the African continent.

(3) The climate of tropical rain forest is controlled by equatorial low pressure zone, where updraft prevails and it is hot and rainy all year round.

(4) The Mediterranean subtropical high is hot and dry, and the westerlies are mild and humid.

Special topic 10 monsoon

First, choose

1、B 2、A 3、D 4、A 5、C 6、D 7、D

Second, look at the picture analysis

1, (1) Indian low (Asian low) Hawaiian high is formed by the thermal difference between land and sea, and the subtropical high area is cut off by the continental low.

(2) The southeast monsoon is hot and rainy with flooding.

(3) The thermal properties of southwest monsoon are different between land and sea. Pressure zone and wind zone.

2.( 1) In summer, the land temperature at the same latitude is higher than the ocean.

(2) India's low-pressure Sahara

(1) b It is hot and rainy in summer and cold and dry in winter.

(2) Answer

(3) Controlled by subtropical high, the weather is fine.

(4) The temperature dropped from the heat in midsummer, and the precipitation was less.

4.( 1), a-Shenyang; B- Jinan; C- Wuhan; D- Guangzhou; E- Lanzhou; F- Urumqi

(2) F (similar to A) is cold and dry at 40℃.

(3)、20℃; Generally, the temperature is high and the temperature difference between north and south is small.

(4) In summer, the warm and humid airflow blows from the southeast monsoon to the land, and the precipitation is more along the coast than on the land, and more in the south than in the north.

(5) The further inland the descent, the less affected by the ocean.

5 、( 1)C； B.

(2) Good coordination of water and heat conditions in summer (rain and heat in the same season).

(3) Spring: spring drought, sandstorm (sandstorm).

Summer: There are many droughts and floods.

(4) Advantages: It is rainy and hot at the same time, and it is generally hot in summer.

Disadvantages: there are many droughts and floods caused by monsoon advance and retreat; The winter wind has a large influence range and insufficient precipitation.

Topic 1 1 Typhoon, Cold Wave and Meiyu

First, choose

1、A 2、B 3、B

Second, read the chart analysis

The pressure gradient force of 1 and (1) B is large.

(2) Class-A cyclone, typhoon, gale, rainstorm, huge waves and frenzy reinforce dikes, and ships enter the harbor to take shelter from the wind and evacuate residents.

2. When the cold front crosses the border, strong winds and snowfall appear. After crossing the border, under the control of cold air, the temperature dropped, the air pressure increased and the weather improved.

3.( 1) High and clear

(2) Less rain

(3) Cold and warm B has higher temperature, lower air pressure and sunny weather.

(4) Warm rainy weather increases and continuous precipitation decreases.

Human activities and climate

First, choose

1、B 2、A 3、C 4、A 5、A 6、BCDEFGH

Second, look at the picture analysis

1, (1)a- Maintain the original energy consumption structure.

Natural gas widely replaces coal.

C- Renewable energy replaces coal, oil and natural gas.

(2)0.3 0. 13 0.2

(3) Zero emission, no pollution and renewable after use. Such as water, wind and solar energy.

2 BC (1)

(2) factories, cars, airplanes, etc. Burning coal, oil and natural gas emits oxides of sulfur and nitrogen.

(3) Soil acidification corrodes buildings and exposed cultural relics.

(4) Dead freshwater organisms in the forest.

3. Increase the area of green space, dig artificial lakes, and limit automobile exhaust emissions.

(1) global warming acid rain ozone hole

(2) A lot of coal and oil are used to destroy vegetation.

Ways: change the energy structure, use clean energy and improve energy utilization.

Plant trees.

Strengthen international cooperation.

The fourth article water environment

Theme 13 water cycle

First, look at the picture analysis

1, (1)① water vapor transport; ② precipitation; ③ evaporation; ④ Surface runoff; ⑤ Underground runoff; ⑥ Plant transpiration.

(2)① Surface runoff; South-to-North Water Transfer Project (inter-basin water transfer), Three Gorges Project, Xiaolangdi (reservoir construction), "Three North" shelter forest (afforestation), water diversion irrigation, etc.

(2) For reference: If the water vapor transport is affected, it can disturb the sea surface condition or running route of the typhoon generation source; Precipitation, underground runoff, evaporation, etc.

(3) It spans the sea surface and land, with a wide range and complex underlying surface.

Mainly land, mainly located in inland areas.

Mainly in the ocean, mainly located in the middle of the ocean.

2.( 1) Glacier meltwater has a high temperature and a large amount of meltwater in summer.

The temperature is low, the river freezes or dries up, and there is no glacier melt water supply. Temperature.

(2) 1. It is raining. summer Summer is the rainy season with abundant rainfall. rain

(3) Rain and snow melt water. summer Spring. In spring, floods are caused by snow melt water replenishment, and in summer, floods are caused by concentrated rainfall.

(4) Northwest. Southeast direction. Northeast. The rainy season in basin B starts earlier than that in basin C.

(5) unification-③ and ⑤. Seasonal changes are obvious-①, ②, ④, ⑥, ⑦.

Climatic precipitation.

Third, short answer

For the meaning, please refer to the last paragraph on page P 123.

For example, the summer monsoon transports a lot of water vapor from the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean to the land, bringing abundant precipitation to the eastern part of China, which is beneficial to agricultural production;

The sediment carried by the river is deposited in the estuary, forming the estuary landform, from which Chongming Island is formed.

Rivers bring a lot of nutrients from the land into the sea, which brings rich bait for marine life.

Topic 14 Precious freshwater resources

fill (up) a vacancy

1. It is expensive.

2.glaciers

3. deep; The ground sinks.

4. surface; The land is vast and sparsely populated, so it is difficult to develop.

5. Uneven time distribution; Uneven spatial distribution; Lack of scientific planning (excessive upstream water consumption); Pollution.

Second, the analysis of reading tables with pictures

1.( 1) Drought; Affected by subtropical high (downdraft) or inland trade winds, precipitation is less. Middle East (or West Asia or North Africa).

(2)④; Tropical rain forest. Small land area and small total runoff; Dense population, developed economy, large water consumption and shortage of water resources.

(3) the water quality of the Yangtze estuary during monsoon; (D、E、F)

2.( 1)A.__ Canada _ _; B.__ India _ _; C.__ Brazil _ _; D.__ America _ _.

(2) Brazil. The precipitation is less than that of the whole country.

(3) a (Canada). The total runoff is large and the population is small.

(4) The population is larger than that of country D.

(5) 6.Top 1/4。 The total amount is large and the per capita amount is small. India

3.( 1) More in the south and less in the north, less in the east and more in the west (plus two spaces). Less per capita, serious pollution; Scarcity; Rich; Not high; It's huge.

(2) Yellow River; Huaihe River; Haihe River is small in total, densely populated, with vast cultivated land and serious water pollution.

(3) shortage; The water quality is getting worse.

Third, data analysis.

1. (Independent)

2. Construction of reservoirs, afforestation, inter-basin water transfer, water conservation, etc.

3. (Independent answer)

Fourth, discrimination (autonomous answer)

V. Online Inquiry (Independent)

Topic 15 ocean

fill (up) a vacancy

1. Warm; Cold; Wind and sea; Density; Compensation.

2. Subtropical waters; Shun; contrary/opposite

3. Japan Warm Current and Thousand Island Cold Current

4. North Pacific Warm Current

5, Peru cold current

Second, choose

1、A 2、B 3、C 4、ABC 5、CD 6、BCD

Third, look at the picture analysis.

1.( 1) cold. Warm. (Judgment basis 1: For example, in Figure A, the water temperature distribution decreases from south to north, so in the southern hemisphere, the ocean current flows from south to north, that is, from high latitude to low latitude, so it is a cold current; Similarly, Figure B shows the warm current in the northern hemisphere. Basis 2: The water temperature of ocean current flowing through this sea area is higher than that of seawater at the same latitude on both sides, which is a warm current. )

(2) From top to bottom, Figure A is: 20 S, 25 S and 30 s; ; Figure b is from top to bottom: 30 N, 25 N, 20 n.

(3) the cold current along the east coast of western Australia

2. (1) A. North equatorial warm current; B. Japanese warm current; C. the north Pacific warm current; California cold current.

North subtropical zone. Shun.

(2) The windy sea. Hokkaido. Peru.

(1)① ocean basin ② continental shelf ③ submarine hydrothermal deposits.

④ Manganese nodules ⑤ Oil and gas ⑤ Coastal placer.

(2) (omitted)

(3) Marine chemical resources, biological resources, space resources, water resources, electric power resources, etc.

4. Omission

Fourth, short answer

In normal years, the strong Peruvian cold current moves northward, which reduces the surface water temperature near the equator of the eastern Pacific Ocean, resulting in less precipitation on the east coast.

When the El Nino phenomenon appears, the temperature of the Pacific Ocean near the equator rises, the convective movement becomes stronger, the precipitation is abundant, and there are heavy rains and floods. The weakening of the southeast trade winds leads to the weakening of the warm current in the South Equator, the relative decrease of seawater temperature in the Western Pacific, the active downward flow, the decrease of precipitation and the emergence of drought disasters.

V. Online Inquiry (Independent)