Planting techniques of zucchini in early spring

Zucchini is rich in nutrition and contains many vitamins. What are the planting techniques of zucchini in early spring? The following are the planting techniques of zucchini in early spring that I arranged for you. I hope it works for you.

Planting techniques and variety selection of zucchini in early spring

Spring zucchini should choose varieties with low temperature tolerance, early maturity, high yield and disease resistance, such as Zaoqing generation, Yin Qing generation, Qishan No.2, Zhang Xuan 1, Heimeili and Grey Ni Chen.

Sowing and seedling raising

First, soak the seeds in warm soup for disinfection, then soak them in warm water at 30℃ for 6 hours, wash them, spin them dry, wrap them in wet gauze below 28℃ ~ 30℃ to accelerate germination, and sow them when the mouth breaks. It is best to use 10 cm? 10 cm plastic nutrition bowl or 72-hole seedling tray for seedling raising. Before sowing 10 ~ 15 days, fully water, buckle the film and bake the bed. When sowing, lay the seeds flat, each pot 1 grain, and cover the soil with a thickness of 3 cm. After sowing, keep the drying bed temperature at 28℃ ~ 30℃; When 50% seedlings emerge, the temperature drops to 20℃ ~ 22℃, and it is 65438 02℃ ~ 65438 05℃ at night. When the first real leaf is unfolded, the temperature should be raised appropriately, 25℃ during the day and 18℃ at night. After the seedlings grow up, the spacing between pots should be appropriately increased. When the seedling age is 45 days, the seedling can be planted when it grows to 45 leaves. 5 ~ 7 days before planting, the seedlings should be tempered, 15℃ ~ 18℃ during the day and 10℃ ~ 12℃ at night. Proper control of watering.

Soil preparation and fertilization Zucchini does not require much soil, and poor land can also be cultivated. However, in order to obtain high-yield and high-quality products, 0.5 kg of pig cow dung, 20 g of compound fertilizer and 25 g of calcium superphosphate are generally applied as base fertilizers in each planting hole before planting. After mixing fertilizer with soil, it can be planted or planted.

The planting density of scientifically planted zucchini is generally 50 cm between plants, 75 cm in row spacing and 0/780 plants per mu/kloc. Ridge according to row spacing, with ridge height 1.5 ~ 20cm. Ditching, watering, planting seedlings and ridging can all be done on the ridge. Plastic film mulching can also be used for cultivation.

Tiantuan management

Topdressing and watering

After slow planting or direct seeding, 500 ~ 1000 kg of human excrement and urine should be chased per mu. Then loosen the soil and squat down. After squatting for 7 ~ 10 days, depending on the growth of seedlings, 30% human excrement and urine should be used for topdressing 1 time every 7 ~ 10 days to promote the growth of stems and vines and lay a good foundation for the results. In the fruiting period, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were applied again for 2 ~ 3 times, and irrigation was carried out to prolong the fruiting period and improve the yield.

Promote flowers and fruits.

The female flower of zucchini often blooms earlier than that of male bloom, so it is difficult to pollinate normally. In addition, low temperature, more rain and fewer insects will cause melon to melt when female flowers are in full bloom. So when the temperature is low in spring, the flowers that bloom that day should be pollinated or dipped in water. The method is to wipe the flower stalk or stigma with 25-30mg/kg of 2,4-d butyl ester or 40-50mg/kg of anti-falling agent, or to conduct artificial pollination every morning to prevent falling flowers. This is the key to early maturity and high yield of zucchini.

Pumpkins are harvested at the right time, and the products are tender melons. After the female flower withered for 7 ~ 10 days, the ovary developed rapidly, reaching the maturity standard of edible tender melon, and the yield per mu reached 4000 ~ 6000 kg. When the first batch of tender melons were harvested, it was already the time to warm bloom in spring, and its management focused on reducing temperature and humidity. On sunny days after being stung, plants can basically pollinate normally. Dismantle the small arch shed in the middle and late March, and dismantle the roof membrane in the middle and late April.

Suitable cultivation mode and variety selection of zucchini in early spring

In high temperature season, the virus disease and powdery mildew of zucchini are serious, so it is necessary to cultivate it as soon as possible, avoid high temperature, prevent virus disease and insect pest in advance during the growth period, reduce and slow down the disease, and strive to obtain most of the yield before the disease occurs. At present, early spring cultivation mostly adopts short-term mulching cultivation in greenhouse, greenhouse and small and medium-sized arch shed, which has an early market period and is in the off-season of vegetables in late spring and early summer. It is an important part of vegetable supply throughout the year, with good economic benefits and large application area.

In recent years, oil-green zucchini has been well received by vegetable merchants and consumers in most markets in China, and its price is relatively high. Therefore, in early spring, we should choose zucchini varieties with cold tolerance, heat tolerance, strong antiviral ability and melon color and oil green. Various stubbles and varieties cultivated in early spring are selected as follows:

(1) In early spring, stubble cultivation in greenhouse is generally 65438+from the middle and late February to 65438+1early October. Seeding in solar greenhouse in electric hotbed, sowing in early February and harvesting in early March to late May. The growth period is about 150 days. Recommended? Jin Woo 136? 、? Yu Yi Dong Zhen? Wait a minute. Low temperature resistance, good melon shape and oily green melon strips.

(2) Early-maturing cultivation in greenhouse in spring is generally 1, 10. Seeding in greenhouse or sunny place in the middle and late October, sowing in late February-early March and harvesting in late March-early June, and the growth period is about 1.20 days. Can you choose a greenhouse with multi-layer coverage and good thermal insulation? Jin Woo 358? 、? Jin Woo 369? 、? Emerald green crown? 、? Where's Kim 、? Xin Zhenyu 28? 、? Jin Woo 8? Like other varieties, melon strips are green and beautiful; Single greenhouse cultivation is more suitable for other varieties.

Features of Jin Woo 358:

1, an excellent zucchini with early maturity, rapid melon expansion and high early yield.

2. Under normal climate and good management conditions, the melon is light green, shiny, smooth, about 23 cm long, with strong melon-sitting ability and high yield.

3. Planting in greenhouse in spring and high altitude in summer for three consecutive years has high early yield, good melon shape and good color.

Features of Jin Woo 369:

A new early-maturing zucchini variety, 1, has strengthened plant growth in the later stage, and has strong resistance to low temperature and heat, virus disease and powdery mildew under normal climate and good management conditions;

2. The color of melon is green and shiny, and it is greener when the temperature is low. The length of the strip is about 22 cm, and the weight of a single melon is 300-400 grams. It has strong continuous fruit-setting ability, rapid fruit expansion and high quality fruit rate.

In the middle and late February, it will be cultivated in a small plastic shed or greenhouse+arch shed in Xunyang border, in the middle and late March, and harvested in the middle and early April. After the final frost, the film will be uncovered 10- 15 days, and it will be turned into open field production, and the harvesting period will be more than 60 days. If the plastic film is covered with grass, it can be planted in early March and harvested early. Recommended:? Jin Woo 358? 、? Jin Woo 369? 、? Gao kang Yu Zhen 10? Other varieties have better early maturity, and the yield is higher if they are planted in close density.

Cultivate strong seedlings

Zucchini is cultivated in early spring on a sunny seedbed, covering the arch of a greenhouse, or in a greenhouse with a nutritious bowl or a 50-hole tray. In cold season, it is suitable to cultivate in electrothermal hotbed, with the seed dosage of about 300 grams per mu, the normal seedling age of about 30 days and the physiological seedling age of 3-4 leaves. Precautions for seedling raising:

① Cucurbita pepo seedlings grow fast, have developed roots, and emerge slowly after root cutting, so the seedling age should be young.

(2) The leaves are hypertrophy, and the square of 10- 12cm is appropriate to prevent the clods from being crowded.

(3) In order to prevent wearing a hat from being unearthed, it is advisable to cover the soil with about 2cm.

④ Young stems of zucchini are easy to elongate, and Yi Bai of seedlings is long. During seedling raising, the temperature and humidity of seedbed should be controlled, and water should not be watered as much as possible at seedling stage, or water should be sprayed to supplement soil moisture, and the temperature should be kept at 20-25℃ during the day and at 10℃ at night. In the late stage of seedling raising, it is necessary to strengthen the low temperature exercise of seedlings to prevent them from growing in vain.

Soil preparation and fertilization

15- 20 days before planting, cover and cultivate, fasten the film, and try to raise the indoor temperature in the shed. Before planting, combine deep ploughing, apply 3000-5000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, and mix 50 kilograms of calcium superphosphate and 20 kilograms of compound fertilizer. After ploughing, carefully level and rake to form a flat boundary.

Timely colonization

When the ground temperature below l0cm in the facility is stable above 12℃, it can be planted. Planting can be done in a single row, or in wide and narrow rows, with a general spacing of 45-50cm? The yield per mu is 80- 100cm, and 1500- 1800 plants are suitable. The heat tolerance of short-vine zucchini is poor, and its suitable growth period is limited by the influence of high temperature and early-maturing cultivation in late spring and summer in northern China. Therefore, increasing the planting density properly is beneficial to improve the early yield, total output and economic benefits. Choosing sunny days, planting at noon is conducive to delaying seedlings, watering seedlings to stabilize them and raising soil temperature.

Temperature management

In early spring, the outdoor temperature of zucchini is low in the early stage of cultivation, and the key point of management is to keep cold and warm, avoid the low temperature of 0℃, and maintain the suitable temperature for growth and development. There is no ventilation at the seedling stage, and it is maintained at 25-30℃ during the day and 15-20℃ at night. Proper ventilation can be used after seedling delay, and grass can be uncovered early and covered late to extend the illumination time. After delaying emergence, gradually ventilate and cool down, and keep it at 20-25℃ during the day and above 15℃ at night. After entering the full flowering period, the outside temperature and lighting conditions improved, and the temperature in the shed could be kept at 20-25℃ during the day and at 14- 16℃ at night. If the temperature is too high during the day, it is easy to induce viral diseases and powdery mildew, leading to premature senescence of plants and rapid decline of growth potential. When the outdoor night temperature is stable at about 65438 04℃, the shed film can be removed.

Water and fertilizer management

Early maturity cultivation in small arch shed in spring is not suitable for squatting seedlings. After slow seedling, it can be lightly watered once, and compound fertilizer can be applied with water per mu 15kg to promote slow seedling growth. 3-4 days after the first female flower opens, when the melon is 8- 10cm long, the plant grows into the fruiting stage, which is a sign of strengthening water and fertilizer management. Generally, self-rooted melons should be placed in pots, watered once every 5-7 days, separated from water and fertilizer, and topdressing NPK compound fertilizer 20-25 kg per mu.

Protect flowers and fruits

The parthenocarpy ability of zucchini is poor, especially the low temperature and low ventilation in the early growth stage. Natural pollination is difficult to ensure the fruit setting rate in the field, and it is easy to melt the melon. When the female flowers of zucchini are in full bloom, can they be used at 8- 10 in the morning? Zucchini is the king of melons? The melon embryo was treated with 100- 150 times solution. The treatment method is to evenly smear the liquid medicine on both sides of the stigma or young melon to prevent the use concentration from being too high, otherwise it will easily cause deformed melons. In addition, in order to prevent the smear stigma from inducing gray mold, a small amount of? Lan Chao? . Spraying the whole plant? Rapid expansion? Leaf fertilizer can accelerate the expansion of melon, reduce the problem of light color caused by slow expansion of melon, and obviously improve the early yield and economic benefits.

Plant regulation

Before the root melon sets fruit, a small number of lateral branches at the base of the plant should be removed in time. In the middle and late growth stage, stems and leaves increase, but the basal leaves are too close to the ground, with weak light and high humidity, which are easy to become the center of the disease source and can be pulled out when the root melon is harvested. With the growth of plants, stems and vines lodging due to gradual elongation. In order to keep the leaves in the field in good light, vines should be guided in time so that all stems and vines of the plant extend in the same direction along the ridge towards the base of the previous plant. If the north-south border is adopted, the growing point should face south, which is beneficial to all-optical reception.

Timely harvest

Generally, it can enter the harvest period 55-60 days after planting. When the fruit weight reaches 250-500g g, it can be harvested 7 days after flowering, and the temperature and light conditions in the early growth stage are poor, so it should be harvested early to avoid seedling loss; The environmental conditions in the middle and late growth stage are suitable, and the big melon can be reserved appropriately to improve the yield.

Eliminate pests and diseases

Botrytis cinerea: mainly harms flowers and melons. Botrytis cinerea invaded from the failed flower, and the flower surface was covered with white mold at first, and then turned into light gray green mold, which made the pedicel of young melon turn green, wet rot and shrink like water stains, resulting in a gray mold layer.

Control method: Spraying Lan Chao 1000 times solution, Xingnong Yuegou 800 times solution, Trapped mold 500 times solution, Trichoderma 600 times solution and Jiabeihao 600 times solution for control.

Powdery mildew: small white powder spots are produced on the leaves or the back of leaves and young stems, and there are many front leaves, and then they spread to the surrounding areas into contiguous white powder with unclear edges. Seriously, the whole leaf is white powder.

Prevention and control method: 1500 times solution is washed with 30%. Fenfei 1+ 1? Spraying 1000 times solution, 25% new Rio Tinto 3000 times solution, 30% Dyke 3000 times solution and 40% Fuyu 2000 times solution.

Cotton rot: it mainly harms fruits. When it is dry, the lesion is slightly concave, the meat under the skin turns brown and rotten, and the surface is covered with white mold. When the humidity is high and the temperature is high, the diseased spots expand rapidly, the whole fruit becomes brown and soft, and the surface is covered with white mold, which leads to the rot of diseased melons in the field.

Prevention and control methods: Use 500 times solution of Lvsujing, 600 times solution of Jinguojing, 500 times solution of acryloyl urea and 700 times solution of Chunlei Wang Tong for prevention and control.

Scab disease: the leaves are brown spots, which are easy to be perforated, and the stems are oval or longitudinally concave black spots, which are easy to crack; The diseased spots of fruits are mostly scab-shaped, and the diseased parts secrete translucent gum.

Prevention and control methods:? Xing Shuai (40% flusilazole) 1500 times solution +500 times solution? 10% shize 1500 times solution, 62.5% huisheng 500 times solution and 80% tebuconazole 4000 times solution, spray/kloc-0 times every 7 days until 1 0 day, and control for 3-4 times.

Virus disease: also known as lobular disease, chicken feet madness, young leaves mottled yellow-green, leaves thickened, shriveled or even twisted, diseased melons mottled, discolored or produced uneven tumors.

Control method: 1. Use 70% gust to control the spread of aphids. 2. used at the beginning of the disease? Kangrun No.2+Wan Shuai+Jian Zhibao? Or? Qianduling+brassinolide+zinc fertilizer? Treatment, once every 5 days, a total of 2-3 times.

Silver leaf disease: the front of the leaf is silvery white and shiny, under direct sunlight. Silver leaf? The effect is particularly obvious, but the color of the back leaves is normal. Photosynthesis is seriously hindered, melon strips are yellow and white, milky white or white and green, and commodity value is lost.

Control method: 1. Insect control: use? 70 & gust+10% golden head? 、? 10% motor nitenpyram+10% gold head? Prevention and control of the transmission of Bemisia tabaci; 2. Disease control: refer to zucchini virus disease.