Present situation analysis and prospect of geological information service in China

(Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences)

Information service has become the strategic focus of geological work in various countries in the 2 1 century. In this paper, the present situation of China's geological information service system is deeply studied and analyzed, and the main shortcomings are pointed out. In addition, the geological data cluster system to be established in China is prospected, and it is pointed out that under the premise of realizing one-stop service, six main functions should be realized, including a complete catalogue of geological information resources, rich online resources and strong information processing and analysis capabilities.

Geological data, geological information service clustering

1 Introduction

Geological information is the main achievement of geological work, the crystallization of hard work of geologists in the process of basic geological survey, mineral exploration, environmental (disaster) geological survey, marine geological survey and geological science research, and the understanding and understanding of the composition, structure, structure and evolution law of the earth's materials. Geological information is the main carrier for geological work to serve economic and social development, and it is also an important basic information resource for land and resources investigation, planning, management, protection, rational utilization and major national engineering construction. It is of great use value for relieving resource constraints, ensuring economic development, promoting urban and rural construction, carrying out land consolidation, preventing geological disasters, and improving human settlements.

Geological data is the main body of geological information, which refers to paper media, storage media, cores, specimens, samples, optical films and other related objects recorded in the form of words, data, symbols, graphics, images and sounds. Geological data is a record of geological work process and achievements, including achievements, original geological data, books and periodicals, physical geological data and databases.

Geological information service is an information service with the main contents of providing and disseminating geological data, information and knowledge, processing geological information and providing software services [1]. Since entering the 2 1 century, information service has become the strategic focus of geological work in various countries [2].

At present, the National Geological Archives, provincial geological data collection institutions, six geological survey centers and provincial geological survey institutes, as well as Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, China Geological Environment Monitoring Institute, China Land and Resources Aerogeophysical Remote Sensing Center, China Geological Library and other units constitute the main body of China geological information service providers [3]. In 20 1 1 year, the total resources of national and provincial geological data collection institutions reached 403,000 kinds [4], the domestic and foreign geological literature resources of China Geological Library were 600,000 volumes (volumes), the core length of the National Physical Geological Data Center was150,745 meters, and the specimens were 10992 blocks (data came from China Geology) Therefore, China Geological Survey formally proposed to strengthen the "industrialization of geological data information service cluster" at the national geological survey work conference on March 1 2065438. Clustering of geological data information service is a process of collecting, sorting and mining geological data information products, extending product chain, providing service concentration and improving service scale efficiency by building a * * * sharing mechanism and platform, which will realize interconnection, resource * * * sharing and collaborative work at the field application level.

2 geological information service model

2. 1 Traditional service mode

The traditional way is for borrowers to get information from collection agencies. Borrowers need to find the required materials through catalog retrieval or card retrieval, and then go to the collection institution to extract paper materials for reading or copying or copying electronic data. Network catalog retrieval and electronic reading room can play a certain auxiliary role in the process of borrowing, but they have not fundamentally changed the traditional model. In the traditional information service mode, information service providers carry out their own services. In order to solve the problem, customers usually need to get the required services from providers in different locations [5].

2.2 Modern service mode

Modern services mainly make use of advanced technologies such as WEBGIS, grid and database, so that users can easily obtain geological information, including information providing services, information processing services, software providing services and knowledge-based consulting services. Its main feature is that users can quickly find, browse, evaluate, obtain and use the required information at any place through the system running on the Internet, without caring about the storage location of the information.

2.2. 1 Integrated information products and services

At the beginning of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, China Geological Survey began to implement the construction plan of China basic geoscience database system. The system includes two parts: basic geoscience database and comprehensive achievement database, with more than 30 databases, mainly including [6]:

(1) regional geological map database

1:50,000 national geological map spatial database,1:200,000 national geological map spatial database,1:250,000 national geological map spatial database,1:500,000 national geological map spatial database,1:2.5 million national geological map spatial database,/kloc-.

(2) Spatial database of regional hydrogeologic map

National1:50,000 key cities and economic development zones water environment comprehensive geological database, national1:200,000 digital hydrogeological map spatial database, national1:60,000 water environment geological map spatial database, national small-scale digital water environment spatial database and groundwater resources dynamic monitoring database.

(3) Basic geological data database

China stratigraphic database, national1∶ 200,000 natural heavy sand database, national isotope geological dating database and national rock database (trial construction).

(4) National Mineral Land Database

In-situ mineral system mineral database, national geological industry mineral database, China Cr-Ni (Cu)-Co-Pt (Group) mineral database (under construction).

(5) National Borehole Geological Database (Trial Database)

(6) National Geophysical, Geochemical and Remote Sensing Database

National aeromagnetic database1:5 million, national voyage database 1: 1 10,000, national regional gravity database, national electrical prospecting database, geological survey geophysical logging database system (trial database), national regional geochemical database, national resource satellite remote sensing image database, national satellite image database 1:25.

(7) marine geological database

China1:110,000 marine geological database and China marine geophysical data set.

(8) Geological data database

National geological archives catalogue database, graphic geological data database, geological survey results catalogue retrieval database, geoscience books title and abstract network database, geological survey and scientific and technological information database.

(9) Work deployment and comprehensive results database

Geological survey thematic map database (national and regional professional geological survey work deployment and work degree data of different scales), national geological work degree database and geoscience database meta-database.

10 A number of national databases have been operated, maintained and managed in accordance with relevant national laws and regulations, and socialized services have initially played a role. There are two ways to publish data: online and offline. The website of China Geological Survey published Chinese and English metadata. According to incomplete statistics from June 2003 to June 2005, the total amount of various data provided by geological survey is close to 100GB[7].

2.2.2 Network online information acquisition service

(1) The website of China Geological Library (/) provides online browsing and downloading services for more than 10 large-scale geoscience literature databases, and provides catalog retrieval services for the collected books. However, the collection of books has not yet provided online browsing service and is still in the stage of digital accumulation.

(2) The website of the National Geological Archives (/) provides geological data directory retrieval service, online browsing and downloading service for some data, and metadata service for some geological databases.

(3) The information website of China Geological Survey (/), which provides geological data information and application software services, is hosted by China Geological Survey, and its operation is undertaken by the Bureau Development Center. The supporting project is the national "863" plan project "Resource and Environment Application Grid Construction";

(4) The scientific data sharing website of land and resources (/), which provides geological data information services, is hosted by the Information Center of the Ministry of Land and Resources, and its operation is undertaken by the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, the Development Research Center of China Geological Survey and China Land Survey and Planning Institute. The supporting project is "Construction of Land and Resources Science Data Center".

2.2.3 Information processing and analysis services

The information network of China Geological Survey provides the following application software * * * services: ① Water quality evaluation service, providing information services and software * * * services for different types of users; (2) groundwater level prediction, which uses dynamic observation data to predict future water level changes in designated areas; (3) Extraction and synthesis of metallogenic information under the network environment: the comprehensive evaluation process of network minerals is completed by using the evidence right method; (4) The software of solid mineral resources evaluation method with conventional calculation method enjoys the service.

2.2.4 Professional software provides services.

Developed by China Geological Survey, the geological survey system is a software that runs through the whole process of geological and mineral survey, covering geological survey, solid mineral exploration, ore body simulation, grade estimation, resource reserve estimation, mining system optimization and so on. The full digital process of geological mapping and solid mineral exploration has been realized. The software system consists of four subsystems: digital geological mapping system, data cataloging system of prospecting engineering, comprehensive platform of digital geological survey information, resource reserve estimation and three-dimensional modeling information system of ore bodies.

3 existing defects

Generally speaking, China's geological information service has a certain amount of data resources, but it is scattered and has not formed a complete service system; Service-related policies and mechanisms are not perfect, especially the management mode of open service is lacking, and the responsibilities and rights are not unified.

3. 1 has low aggregation degree.

At present, there are many geological information products in China, and the national investment is also relatively large. However, a database and a service system do not have a complete product catalogue, and repeated registration is serious, which can not meet the one-stop demand of users.

3.2 The amount of online data on the network is small.

At present, the digitization rate of geological data in China is low. By the end of 20 1 1, all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) had digitized 239,000 geological data, accounting for 59% of the total, of which nearly 60,000 were digitized by the National Geological Archives, accounting for 48%[4]. This is the digitization of geological data. The digitization of original geological data has not been fully started. There is also a great mismatch between the amount of information resources and the amount of information that can provide online services. By 20 10, the National Geological Archives had provided 14274 kinds of online browsing materials, and the total collection in that year was1/0000 kinds [8], and the proportion of online services was 13%.

Therefore, there are three main reasons for the lack of online data: first, the data accumulation of geological information is insufficient; Second, the confidentiality of geological data is the bottleneck, so we should actively promote the non-confidential processing of geographical elements of geological maps; Third, the policy mechanism is not perfect and the public welfare is not enough.

3.3 Geological data acquisition costs are high.

Although China's pricing principle has been determined, there is no clear and detailed classification price for open geological information and information services, which leads to restrictions on many data services, inconsistent fees in various places and some high fees.

4 outlook

Geological information service should be based on unified standards and storage specifications, and form a national geological data cluster system with unified logic and physical distribution under the platform of data integration management and sharing. On the premise of realizing one-stop service, the cluster system should include the following main functions:

(1) A complete catalogue of geological information resources.

Establish a complete nationwide geological resources retrieval catalogue, including geological data and books and documents on the one hand, and geological information resources accumulated for a long time by collection institutions at all levels and geological exploration and scientific research units on the other hand. In developed countries, the United States Geological Survey, GSC, BGS, Georgia and so on. It provides a complete catalog query and retrieval system for all kinds of geoscience information, helping users to retrieve the needed information and data quickly and conveniently.

(2) Rich network resources.

In developed countries, due to the rich online resources, the visit to their geological information websites is also very active. Take the USGS in the United States as an example. In 2005, the average number of successful service requests per month reached 24 million, and the amount of data transmitted through the Internet reached1.80g. During the five years, the number of visits to the USGS website was about 762.6 million, which was 600 times that of the CGS website of the National Geological Archives of the United States at the same time [3]. In the survey of geological information network access rate, Canadian users can access 29% of the data through the network, the United States can access 27%, and Australia can access 8.5% [5].

The research on geological data decryption in China has been deployed in the comprehensive research on the cluster industrialization of geological data information service in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, which provides a foundation for the online service of geological data in the future.

(3) Strong information processing, processing and analysis capabilities.

China Geological Survey Information Network has set an example in this respect. Using grid technology to write software to process geological information will greatly improve work efficiency in some aspects. One of the most intuitive advantages of network technology is its super computing power, which can connect a group of computers into a local area network to form a supercomputer, greatly improving the computing efficiency. Calculations that used to take months on a single PC can be completed in a grid in just one or two days.

(4) Application software services.

Provide a variety of high-performance professional tools and software services.

(5) Real-time release of sensitive information.

Real-time release of weather forecast, observation data of typhoons and seismic waves, and release of early warning information of natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, typhoons and tornadoes through special systems.

(six) to provide scientific advice, decision analysis, popular science propaganda, education and training services.

5 conclusion

In 2009, China Geological Survey carried out the research of geological data information clustering industrialization, including the theory of geological data information clustering industrialization, the construction of geological data information service cluster system, the construction of geological data information sharing and service platform, etc. The Ministry of Land and Resources decided to carry out pilot work in six provinces and cities, namely Shanghai, Shandong, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui and Qinghai [9]. In these work arrangements, we have seen the bright future of geological information service in China.

Take the exam and contribute.

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Shangwu, wait. Present situation, gap and countermeasures of geological information service system in China [J]. Geology of China, Volume 34, No.4, 2007: 730 ~ 735.

[4] May Notice of Ministry of Land and Resources 12:20 1 1 National Geological Data Management and Service.

Yao Huajun, et al. Study on Promoting the Clustering and Industrialization of Geological Information Services [J]. China Land and Resources Economy, 2009/09: 4 ~ 7.

Jiang Zuoqin, Ma Zhimin and Yang Donglai. Study on the framework of geological information service system [J]. Geology of China, 2007,34 (1):173 ~178.

[7] Yearbook of China Geological Survey .2003,2004.

[8] Notice of the Ministry of Land and Resources in April of 20 1 1 year: management and service of national geological data in 201year.

[9] AnnouncementNo. 14 of the Ministry of Land and Resources. National geological data management in 2009.