Hai Lufeng's Folk Art

1, orthographic opera, also known as Andrew Opera, also known as Nanxi Opera. Zhongzhou Mandarin (Andrew) is the heritage of Southern Opera, which has a history of more than 800 years. It has been praised as a living fossil of China's plays by experts and scholars at home and abroad. Zhengzi Opera is an ancient and rare opera with many voices, including Yin Zhengqu (mixed with Yiyang, Yuyao, Qingyang and Siping), Kunqu Opera, Prose Opera and Mixed Tune. In 2006, Zhengzi Opera was announced by the State Council as one of the first national intangible cultural heritage lists.

2. Bai Zixi has a long history. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty (or earlier), it flowed from southern Fujian to eastern Guangdong to Hailufeng, where it was combined with local dialects and folk arts, and gradually formed the Hailufeng Bai Zixi with strong local characteristics. Music singing is basically a combination of qupai, supplemented by folk songs. Because singing often uses "e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e" as a lining word, it is also called "e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e". Later, it absorbed folk arts such as bamboo horses, money drums, fishing songs and Chaozhou opera music, and gradually formed its own style and characteristics. Bai Zixi's original old white characters (Minnan local opera) and (Hailufeng white characters) are now proper names of Hailufeng white characters.

3. Xiqin Opera, which was first tested as Xiqin Opera in the late Ming Dynasty (namely, Shaanxi Opera and Gansu Tune), combined with local folk art, gradually drifted away from this kind of opera (Xiqin Opera) in the early Qing Dynasty, forming a unique Xiqin Opera school of Hai Lufeng.

Music aria is a plate variant of antithesis. There are ten industries such as Laosheng, Wusheng, Wensheng, Zheng Dan, Hua Dan, Cotton Tree, Wu Mian, Mo Gong, Ugly, and Shiva. The main vocal cavity is the main line, Xipi and Huanger, and there are also a few Kunqu operas and miscellaneous tunes. The main line (52 tuning strings) is the main cavity, and the singing of white follows the rhyme of Zhongzhou, with male and female voices in the same tone, male singing the true voice and female singing the false noise. The band (commonly known as "backcourt") has eight kinds of original percussion instruments, commonly known as "Eight Top Seats", namely, divided discs (orchestral music) and five discs (percussion music). The orchestral instrument has four eleven strings, commonly known as "four eleven strings" (composed by eight percussion players). More than 0/000 scripts/kloc-,more than 700 martial arts plays (outline plays) and more than 400 literary plays (qu plays); Four biographies (Ben Biography), Eight Biographies (Cao Biography), Four Horses with Bows, Thirty-six Songs, Seventy-two Small. The performance style is rough and bold, passionate, good at martial arts, learning from the south and supporting Shaolin. Xiqin Opera, rooted in Hailufeng, is popular in eastern Guangdong and has been to southern Fujian, Taipei, Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Southeast Asia.

4. Shadow play has always existed and developed among the people. It has the genes of the ancient Minnan language family, which was bred by the folklore of Hailufeng. It has rich singing music, strong local characteristics, exquisite paintings and sculptures, vivid performances and considerable elegance. In 2006, Lufeng Shadow Play was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

There are many kinds of lion dances with different sources. Among them, the "Gaizai Lion" with green face and white forehead in Qingtang Village of Lufeng has the longest history and is honored as the boss/lion king! According to textual research, "Gaizai Lion" originated from the military lion in Ming Dynasty and has been circulating in Qingtang Village for a hundred years. Named after the head of the pot. With big eyes, wide mouth, short nose and other five senses. Write the word "Wang" between the eyebrows and decorate them with gossip. The "Gai Zi Lion", who is regarded as the boss, enjoys a special status. There is a saying in Hai Lufeng that "the lion class is free from looting". "Free from plunder" means "no struggle", which shows that he has high martial arts and lofty status. For example, no matter which village has a Gaizai lion performance, other lions dare not enter the village, only dare to enter the village after the performance of "Boss". On the other hand, other lions are performing in a village. If the "boss" breaks in suddenly, they have to stop the performance consciously and choose to leave. When other kinds of lions meet them, they have to give up, stand by and wait for the "boss" to pass, and some simply change their ways to avoid them, which means they can't be taunted and avoid them. Intangible cultural heritage of Lufeng city.

6 Gundi Jinlong, during the performance of Gundi Jinlong, two people got into the "dragon quilt cover", one jumped the dragon head and the other jumped the dragon tail. The whole performance process is divided into eight stages: the opening ceremony, fighting around the hole, swimming in the pool, stretching muscles and washing scales, squatting in the thunder, dancing against the thunder, walking around the clouds and finally returning the gift. During the performance, the imitated dragon dance danced, splashed in the water and woke up after meditation. Accompanied by the majestic and bright Hailufeng orthographic drama "Brand Big Gong and Big Drum", Dasuona played different tunes according to different performance plots, such as Gong E Fen, Crying Emperor, Mountain Slope Sheep and Eight Plates. The basic characteristics of this kind of dance are rich expressions, numerous routines, wonderful dance fragments and good skills. Lufeng Gundi Golden Dragons are mainly distributed in Qingtang Village and an yun Village of Xin 'an Town, Nanxi Village, Dingtan Village, Antang Village, Anbo Village, Wangcuo Village of Cixi (Jiuxiang), Shangshan Village of Chengdong Town, Shengou Village of Tanxi Town, Xiangzhou Street and Heshun Village (Angle of Hydrochloric Acid) of Hailufeng District. In 2006, Lufeng Gundi Jinlong was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

7. The unicorn lion elephant dance in Gongping Town, Haifeng County, which is called "three talents" (heaven, earth and people), is a unique animal dance in Gongping Town, symbolizing the social culture of unity, tolerance and harmonious coexistence of various communities, nationalities and surnames in Gongping, so it is known as auspicious and United dance, and is mainly performed during the Spring Festival and festive festivals; Fair unicorn lion dance is a wonderful flower in Hailufeng's "lion dance", which symbolizes tolerance and harmony, and is unique and unparalleled. The music played by the unicorn lion dance gongs and drums team is in tune, and the superb dancing skills of the lion dancers are fair. In Hailufeng area, only fair dancing "unicorn and lion dancing" is very famous in Hailufeng.

8. Five-color lion dance lights. Lufeng Jieshi was built in the early Ming Dynasty, and Jieshi built the rich Wei 'ao Fort. It was an important coastal defense military town in China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the garrison was unified by the imperial court throughout the country. According to legend, the "Five-color Lion Dance" of Jieshi Acropolis existed in the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, and gradually became one of the traditional folk entertainment programs with the richest local characteristics, loved by the masses and the longest history in jieshi town. The majestic "five-color lion lantern dance" not only harmonizes the characteristics of foreign lion dances, but also has unique local characteristics, forming a traditional dance that highlights local folk customs. The production method of "Five-color Lion Dance Lantern" is to tie bamboo pieces into a skeleton and mount it with tissue paper or rolled cloth. The lion is 2.8 meters high, 3.2 meters long and 1.2 meters wide. There is a device for placing candles inside, which can be divided into lion head and lion tail. The lion's waist is connected with a soft rope and can move back and forth. The lion's head and tail are each equipped with a bamboo pole. The five lions are painted in five colors: cyan, blue, red, yellow and deep blue, so it is called "Five-color Lion Lantern Dance", which symbolizes the five elements of gold, wood, water, fire and earth and the five directions of east, west, south, north and middle. In 2009, it was selected into the third batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage list.

9. The "Eight Animals Dance" in Da 'an originated from the groundbreaking ceremony of Anlu County in the fifth year of Tang Wude, when people celebrated with "Eight Animals". Because the "Eight Beasts" are lifelike and magnificent, they are regarded as auspicious things. After that, most large-scale celebrations will have "Eight Beasts". The legacy of the Tang dynasty lasted for more than 1000 years and has been passed down to this day. Taoism began in the Eastern Han Dynasty, flourished in the Tang Dynasty and continued in the Song, Jin, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, Taoism was suppressed because it was regarded as the religion of the Han people. The Eight Immortals are Taoist figures. There was a legend of the Eight Immortals in the Tang Dynasty, but it did not appear. It was not until the Song Dynasty that the Eight Immortals began to take shape. This is what we saw today. "Eight Animals" refers to eight kinds of animals such as Kirin, lion, elephant, sheep, green cow, tiger, deer and horse. They are the legendary "Eight Immortals". Six men, two women and eight children dressed as Eight Immortals ride on eight beasts to perform, so they are also called "Eight Immortals ride on eight beasts" and "Eight Immortals ride on eight beasts". The order of Andromeda is as follows: first, Han Zhong rides a unicorn, second, rides a lion, third, Han Xiangzi rides a sheep, fourth, Cao Guojiu rides a green cow, fifth, Li Tie rides a tiger, sixth, Zhang rides a fine horse, seventh, He Xiangu rides a blue elephant, eighth.

10, singing and dancing, that is, singing and dancing of heroes, and heroes refer to Liang Shanbo's 108 heroes. In the class of intellectual robbery, he disguised himself and sneaked into the famous mansion, showing the spirit of justice, wit, courage and enterprising, and showing the heroic spirit of Liang Shanbo's novels. Song and dance is a traditional folk program in Jiazi Town, Lufeng City with a long history. It is said that during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, people in Jiazi area introduced English songs from Fujian activities to celebrate a grand temple fair, because the songs and dances had ancient costumes; The magnificent and moving martial arts are deeply appreciated and loved by the masses. Therefore, the annual activities are passed down from generation to generation, and they are never tired of it. They have been circulated for more than 300 years and become a unique song and dance. 20 1 1 Jiazi Song and Dance was selected as the third batch of national intangible cultural heritage in the State Council.

1 1, Bomei Piaose, commonly known as Bomei Beautiful Scenery, was introduced from Suzhou in the thirty-third year of Qingganlong (A.D. 1768) and has a history of 240 years. At that time, when Lin Guangshen, a famous Bomei businessman, was engaged in the wholesale business of brown sugar in Suzhou, it coincided with a local festival and held a cultural parade. Then I hired local artists as teachers, bought back eight sets of floating color props, and hired famous artists to teach the creation of floating color art and makeup artist in Bomei. Since then, Bomei Piaose has held Piaose performances on traditional festivals such as Spring Festival, Lantern Festival and March 23rd, which have been passed down from generation to generation, and have been continuously improved, innovated and developed.

The performance characteristics of Lufeng Bomei floating color can be divided into two parts: top pile and bottom pile. Each color painting is 450 cm-500 cm high, with a landscape bed with a length of 250 cm, a width of 120 cm and a height of 80 cm as the small stage. The figure standing on the table is called "screen", also called bottom pile, and the figure of historical hero falling from the sky is called "floating", also called top pile. The two are made of a special forged steel bar with different specifications and shapes, which are connected into an organic whole to show the characteristics of floating colors and highlight the patriotic spirit of historical heroes. Bomei has only five floating colors. In the past, every floating color needed eight people to carry it for cruising. Now, it only needs four people to push the paddle wheel to go out for a cruise. Piaose must strictly select boys and girls aged 8- 18 as actors, and each Piaose needs 3-5 people. In 2009, it was selected into the third batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage list.

12, percussion. Nantang Blowing Music, represented by Nantang Qingxing Class, is one of the music in Guangdong Province. The suona and suona "blow songs" are the mainstay, supplemented by percussion music such as gongs, drums and cymbals, and sometimes accompanied by string performance. The porcelain bowls are interspersed with the head, hands and legs for difficult single or double blowing. In July, 2006, on behalf of Guangdong team, he went to Beidaihe, Hebei Province to participate in the 7th National Folk Art Mountain Flower Award and Folk Art Performance Award, and won the honorary titles of "Special Excellence Award" and "King of Blowing Songs" in the National Blowing Song Exhibition.

13, Hudong dry boat, also known as "Mountain Dragon Boat". Hudong, a native of the seaside, is used to racing dragon boats on the water every year during the Dragon Boat Festival, imitating the water dragon boat race and symbolically rowing dragon boats on land. Legend began in the seventeenth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1644) and was founded by people in the town. Since the Qing Dynasty, it has been held in festivals and celebrations. 20 meters long, 30 to 46 people perform, and the actors stand in two rows on the boat. During the performance, the boat is tied with a belt, and the dragon boat is driven by feet instead of boats. Under the command of the ship's gongs and drums and commanders, the radial porters make rhythmic paddling movements, collectively operate paddling, and the leader and rudder tail also make corresponding cooperative movements. The audience is like a boat in the water, and the scene is warm, which constitutes a moving picture of winning the championship, no less than the scene of dragon boat racing on the stream in Hong Kong. Especially when radial players sing beautiful fishing songs with loud whistles, it creates a fascinating realm. Fishing songs include duets and chorus. Dragon boat with local characteristics is one of the local people's favorite performances. In 2009, it was selected into the third batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage list.

14, Zizhu watches Taoist music. The Taoist music of Zizhu Temple in the west of Lufeng River has a long history. As far back as the Jin Dynasty, the uprising of Taoist Lu Xun and others failed, and some of them were scattered in Hailufeng and scattered in coastal ports and islands, which was called "Lu Ting" in history. From then on, Hai Lufeng had Taoism, Taoist priests, Taoist temples and Taoist music. The concept of Zizhu originated from Jiazimen Yuqing Palace in Song Dynasty. In the 27th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1688), he moved to the vegetable garden in the East Cape of Lu Fengxian, which was called "Juesheng Hall". Its original site has been preserved until today. During the Qianlong period, he moved to Dafeng Mountain in Hukou, Hexi Town, Lufeng City, and changed the "Jueshengtang" to "Zizhu Temple", commonly known as "Hukou Temple".

Zizhuguan covers an area of 1.200 square meters, with a building area of over 860 square meters. The front hall is dedicated to "Wang Lingguan". Around the "Jade Emperor" in the nave are Taoist founders such as Lu Chunyang and Qiu Changchun. Celestial officials, local officials, water officials and Nan Chen Beidou. It belongs to the Dragon Sect of Quanzhen Sect. Purple bamboo Taoist music is divided into two parts: one part is the ritual music read by Taoist priests in the morning and evening classes; One is the music of God's birthday ceremony. Its vocal music is based on the scriptures and passed down from generation to generation. The words haven't changed, and the singing is tortuous. So as the saying goes, "Smart players, stupid teachers". It is said that it keeps the tradition and never changes. But its historical value, artistic value and scientific value are commendable. In 2009, it was selected into the third batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage list.

15, Money Encouragement, also called "stepping on the money drum", is a folk song and dance with a long history and unique art. It is sung by two or four characters, and now many people make up a group dance. Actors are children geisha, male and female collocation; Wearing colorful clothes, green men and women. Wearing a hat, holding a dance set and a money drum, singing and dancing. Original form, interspersed with characters and plots. Stories that have been handed down to this day include Chen San Grinding the Mirror, Guo Hua Selling Rouge, and Pei Xing Meeting Yunying. These stories themselves are either from the legends of the Tang Dynasty or from the stories of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and their forms are ancient. During the performance, there were voices and accompaniment. The auxiliary word "Luo Lixuan" is an ancient Brahma. Accompaniment music includes Liu Qingniang, Shuang Qing and Qian Guwei (string). Liu Qingniang is an ancient "Paizi Qu". Biography through the ages is unique, and the music language is unique. There are two sets of dance moves. A set of dance moves belonging to the money drum, such as beating, shaking, shaking, swinging and catching drums. A set of traditional Chinese opera movements belongs to a series of stories, such as riding a horse, restoring a horse, watching a tower, grinding a mirror, looking in the mirror, threading a needle, leading a wire and embroidering. The combination of the two movements is seamless, which is a wonderful example of the transition from folk song and dance and rap music to traditional opera.

16, Ye Ghost Festival, once every three years, each village of Yangpu Thirteen Village, Taohe Town, Haifeng sent a delegation to parade, and two classes of social dramas competed for prizes. During this period, the following activities were carried out:

Welcome the gods to make light for them, go to worship them in the afternoon, make the finishing point ceremony, cruise the scenery and rob Baoshan (invite ghosts to eat bags at night, let ghosts dress up, and open villagers to rob Baoshan in the early morning). Instead, they distributed programs such as Ping An Bao and Chinese Idol.

17, the Ximen Dragon Boat Race was held on May 9, four days after the Dragon Boat Festival, because the sea was the most active and the weather was fine that day. The whole town of Ximen is crowded with people, and every family invites relatives and friends to watch. May 9, 20 10,