What was the reason for the victory of Taierzhuang War?

China has been invaded by Japan in history, because Japan's ability as an island country was limited at that time, but Japan embarked on the road of aggression and expansion for its own strength. At that time, the Japanese invaded the land of China, burning, killing and looting. But in all the war history, China has been defeated several times, such as Taierzhuang War and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Why did the Taierzhuang War win? Actually, there is a reason. Look at the details again!

Taizhuang is a big market town in Shexian County, southern Shandong Province. Located at the intersection of Taizao branch line of Jinpu line and Taiwei highway. South of the north bank of the canal is the north gate of Xuzhou. 1In March and April, 938, in order to prevent the Japanese army from attacking Xuzhou southward and break the Japanese invasion plan, the China army launched a large-scale battle with the Japanese invaders here for more than a month.

Important military strongholds in China and Japan.

1938 65438+ 10, according to its invasion plan, the Japanese base camp ordered the "Huazhong Army" occupying Nanjing and the "North China Dispatching Army" occupying Tianjin to concentrate 240,000 troops to attack Xuzhou from the south and the north respectively, in an attempt to seize this strategic location and open up the Jin-Pu line, thus connecting the north and the south. Then from Xuzhou to the west along the Longhai Line, it captured Zhengzhou, joined forces with the Japanese troops going south along the Pinghan Line, and then comprehensively captured Wuhan, the central city of China's anti-Japanese war, thus carving up and controlling a vast area of China. At that time, after the fall of Nanjing, the National Government moved to Chongqing, but China's military command and many important organs were located in Wuhan. Japan's base camp and the Japanese government believe that; "The capture of Hankou is the greatest opportunity to end the war at an early date", because "historically, as long as we capture Hankou and Guangdong, we can dominate China".

1938 65438+1On October 26th, the Japanese army "Hua" in Nanlu dispatched four divisions to invade the north. After capturing Fengyang, Bengbu and other places in Anhui, they crossed the Huaihe River and advanced into Xuzhou. Then, the "North China Dispatching Army" at the northern foot gave up the Yellow River defense opportunity by Han Fuju, and quickly occupied Jinan, Tai 'an and other places in early February of 1938, and took Lunan directly. Xuzhou soon fell into the danger of the Japanese attack from north to south.

Xuzhou, known as Pengcheng in ancient times, is an important city in the northwest of Jiangsu, the hub of Jinpu and Longhai railways, and the hub of Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan and Anhui provinces. Its strategic position is extremely important and has always been a battleground for military strategists. Aware of the strategic intention of the Japanese army and the military significance of Xuzhou's defense, the Military Commission of the National Government quickly mobilized about 600,000 troops to deploy in Xuzhou, established Xuzhou Fifth Theater Command, and appointed Li Zongren as Commander-in-Chief under unified command.

Xuzhou has an important strategic position, but it is located in the plain and there is no danger to defend. To defend Xuzhou, we must guard the Huaihe River in the south and Taierzhuang in the north, which is the north-south gateway of Xuzhou.

Li Zongren, commander of the Fifth Theater, is a long-term commander. To the south of Xuzhou, the 11th Army of Danielle, 21st Army of Liao Lei Department, 51st Army of Yu Xuezhong Department and 59th Army led by Zhang Zizhong Department were deployed to make tenacious resistance by using positions on both sides of Huaihe River. By February1year, the confrontation situation across the Huaihe River was formed. The Japanese attempt to attack Xuzhou from north to south is difficult to succeed.

After the failure of the South Road, the Japanese army changed to attack the north and defend the south, with Iwatani Liejie 10 and Sakahara Masahiro 5 divisions as the main forces. From the front and left and right wings of the Jinpu line, Xuzhou was attacked in three ways: on the left side of the Jinpu line, the 10 th Division of the Japanese army came to Guludu Yellow River on February 25 to attack Luxi Jiaxiang and other places; On the right wing of Puxian Line, the fifth division of the Japanese army is Lahou.

In view of the strategic intention and attack direction of the Japanese army in Li Zongren, the north of Xuzhou takes Taierzhuang as the core, and the defense deployment: Sun and the two armies form the third army to defend Jiaxiang and Luxi; Defend Linyi with Pang Bingxun 40 Army and Zhang Zizhong 59 Army; Sun Zhenbu, 22nd Army of Sichuan Army, guarded tengxian; Three divisions of the Second Army of Sun Lianzhong were deployed along the canal and stuck to Taierzhuang; With three armies of the 20th Corps of Tang Jun, get out of the way of the front line of the Jin-Pu Railway and lure the enemy in. After the main Japanese army entered Taierzhuang, it sneaked into the south, seized the enemy's back, cooperated with Sun Lianzhong Army and other departments, attacked from front to back, surrounded and annihilated the Japanese army. Zhang Zizhong's 59th Army is the mobile reserve of the 5th Theater.

Taierzhuang has become an important military location attracting attention at home and abroad, and the Chinese and Japanese armies are vying for it.

Zhang Zizhong and Pang Bingxun defended Linyi.

China's defensive position in Taierzhuang is triangular, with Taierzhuang as the core, Linyi City in the northeast wing and tengxian in the northwest wing. Only by defending Linyi City and tengxian can we cut off the two divisions of the Japanese army, prevent the Japanese army from advancing on Taierzhuang, and ensure the defense of Taierzhuang. If Taizhuang had not fallen, Xuzhou would not be in danger. Therefore, the battle of Linyi and the battle of tengxian became the prelude of Taierzhuang War.

1In late February, 938, the left-wing Japanese army on the Jin-Pu line attacked Jiaxiang and other places in Luxi, and was stubbornly resisted by Sun He, the third army of China. After many days of hard struggle, Jiaxiang was recovered and the left wing of the fifth war zone turned to safety.

In mid-March, on the right wing of the Jinpu Railway, Shiro Sakazaki, the fifth division of the Japanese army, stormed Linyi. The Fifth Division is one of the most elite 17 resident divisions in Japan, with a high degree of mechanization and strong combat effectiveness. Division head Shiro Banggaki participated in the planning of the September 18th Incident.

Linyi is an important military location in southern Shandong and the intersection of various highways: Xin 'an Town in northern Jiangsu to Xuzhou and Lianyungang in Nantong, Taierzhuang and Zaozhuang in the southwest, Feixian, Sishui, Mengyin and Xintai in the northwest, Juxian and Zhucheng in the northeast. It is the barrier to the northeast flank of Taierzhuang, about 90 kilometers away from Taierzhuang, and its success or failure is related to the safety of Taierzhuang and the overall situation of Xuzhou battle. Therefore, Linyi Anti-Japanese War became the cutting edge to cut off the two Japanese divisions in Taierzhuang.

In fact, there is only one forty army in Pang Bingxun Department of Linyi Third Army, and there is only one thirty-nine division under it, which has two brigades, five regiments and more than thirteen thousand people. In addition, the Shen Honglie Division of the Marine Corps evacuated from Qingdao has two brigades with about 3,000 people. On March 2, 1938, the Japanese army captured Tangtou, the peripheral position of Linyi, and went straight to Linyi City. On March 10, the Japanese army, with about 89,000 men and 4,500 cavalry, began to storm Linyi City under the strong firepower of more than 20 chariots, more than 60 armored vehicles, more than 10 planes and more than 30 cannons. Although Pangbu fought to the death, due to the disparity in strength, heavy casualties and critical situation, even electricity was in a hurry. Li Zongren urgently ordered the Zhang Zizhong Department of the 59th Army to reinforce Linyi.

Zhang Zizhong and Pang Bingxun were both generals of the Northwest Army. When the enemy is in sight, they are sincere and United. On March 10, Zhang Zizhong led the 59th army from Shexian, and it was another starry night. Legend of the Sword and the Chivalrous Man 5 Prequel Raiders rushed to Linyi. The weather is cold and the roads are muddy. After getting the information from the Japanese army, it is concluded that it will take at least three days for the Zhang Zizhong army to reach Linyi with a large number of weapons and equipment, including hand-held, shoulder-shouldered, horse-drawn and so on. So I decided to use this time difference to destroy the remnants of the third army in Pang Bingxun, capture Linyi, and then wait for an opportunity to set a tight encirclement for the 59th army in Zhang Zizhong.

But to the Japanese's surprise, Zhang Zizhong commanded the 59th Army, marched day and night for more than 80 miles/kloc-0, and quickly reached the west bank of yi river, north of Linyi. At that time, the Japanese army was storming Linyi City, and the defenders in China heard the arrival of reinforcements, which greatly boosted their morale. From the night of March 13 to the dawn of March 14, Zhang Zizhong commanded the main force of the 59th Army to move to Zhugecheng Village, 30km northeast of Linyi City, crossing the Yi River and reaching the east coast. Then Huang Weigang's 38th Division was the left column, Liu Zhensan 180 Division was the right column, and Dong 1 14 Brigade was the general. Zhang Zizhong is at the forefront, calmly bidding. The left and right officers and men quickly broke through the enemy positions and started hand-to-hand combat with the enemy. Many officers and men rushed into the enemy lines with bundles of grenades and explosives. The fifth division of the Japanese army was overwhelmed and more than 4000 reinforcements were sent in. On March 16, they crossed the river from Tang Fang Cliff to the west and stormed the Zhang Zizhong position on the west bank of the Yihe River with tanks and armored vehicles. 10 More than 0 enemy planes bombed in turn. The 38th Division suffered heavy casualties, but the officers and men still held their ground. Write three warrants to all officers and men in Zhang Zizhong, saying, "We have reached the last minute, and the enemy has reached the last minute. See who can endure to the last second and he will succeed. " "For the enemy, our difficulties are even greater. I fought hard, and the enemy suffered several times my losses. I look forward to seeing his department hold on to this tiny time. I am looking forward to it! " Zhang Zizhong's excellent warrant officer greatly inspired the whole army, even the wounded and cooks went into battle. After three days of bloody fighting, on March 18, Zhang and Pang attacked the Japanese army of Tangtou, Fujiachi and Caopo from the east, south and west respectively, and finally the whole army was wiped out.

Unwilling to fail, the Japanese Fifth Division reinforced more than 4,000 people on March 23, and attacked Linyi again, occupying most areas of Linyi City. The situation is critical again. Zhang Zizhong led his troops to reinforce Linyi again, fought bravely with the Japanese army, and finally defeated the enemy and recovered lost ground.

Linyi won two wars, annihilated about 6,000 Japanese troops, saved Linyi, and shattered the plan of two Japanese divisions to jointly attack Taierzhuang. It was "the most brilliant prelude to Taierzhuang's victory", and the Fifth Division, known as Japan's "Iron Army", was defeated twice.

Wang's entire division was sacrificed.

After the left and right wings of the Japanese army on the Jin-Pu line suffered heavy losses, the main force of the 10 division went deep alone from the front of the Jin-Pu line and stormed south. From March 14, 2004, Setagaya Brigade dispatched more than 10,000 soldiers and cavalry, and under the cover of more than 20 cannons, more than 20 tanks and 30 planes, launched an attack on the frontline defensive positions of Hejie and Xiaxiadian in northern tengxian.

At that time, it was the 22nd Army of Sichuan Army122nd Division, stationed in Shuangxiadian and tengxian. After a day's attack, the Japanese army failed to break through the main positions of Hejie and Liangxiadian, so they divided their forces to surround tengxian and launched an attack at the same time. Tengxian garrison only has 122 division headquarters, a brigade special service company, a communication company and a health team, plus four or five hundred people from the county security team led by Zhou Tong, the county magistrate. There are only more than two thousand people in total, and the weapons and equipment are extremely poor. Wang joined never back down, an officer guarding the city, and vowed to share life and death with tengxian.

On March 16, our army's frontier positions such as Hejie and Xiaxiadian outside tengxian were breached by the Japanese one by one, and tengxian became an isolated city. Increase the number of Japanese troops under siege to more than 30,000, and launch more violent attacks under the cover of planes, tanks and artillery. Japanese artillery shells concentrated on the wall of tengxian, destroying all the towers and battlements, and the wall was blasted with many gaps. The Japanese tried several times to rush into the city through the gap in the bombed city wall, but they were all blocked.

At dawn on March 17, the Japanese army concentrated more than 50 mountain guns and field guns and stormed tengxian. More than 20 planes strafed at low altitude and dropped bombs. The city is full of bullets, candles, smoke and scorched earth. China defenders suffered heavy casualties, leaving only a few. After the Japanese bombing, under the cover of tanks, they finally rushed into the city from several collapsed city walls. We can still fight the defenders, jump up and fight with the enemy, and there is no way out. The fighting continued into the night, all the fortifications were destroyed and grenades were used up. Wang still stuck to the crossroads in the city center and commanded the rest of the troops to continue fighting. The Japanese army occupied the Xiguan Tower commanding and concentrated their fire on sweeping the headquarters of the king. The king fell to the ground and was shot several times, and his entourage helped him up. He shouted, "Kill the enemy! Kill the enemy! Leave me alone! " Then he was shot several times and died heroically.

After the Japanese army rushed into the city, the last defenders in the city fought to the last breath and all died at noon on March 18. More than 300 wounded soldiers refused to be captured and detonated grenades to commit suicide. Zhou Tong, the county magistrate, also jumped into the city to be martyred. Generally speaking, in this battle, more than 2,000 officers and men guarding the city all died heroically. The number of Japanese casualties reached about 4000.

Defending Taierzhuang in Strong Mountain and Strong Water

After occupying tengxian and Shexian, Seto Brigade dived into Taierzhuang and entered the periphery of Taierzhuang on the evening of March 23rd.

Taizhuang is located on the north bank of the southern canal, surrounded by brick walls about 4 kilometers long, with many bunkers and six gates. Wenchang Pavilion in the southwest of the city is the commanding height of the whole city. As the commander of Taierzhuang, the 2nd Army 3 1 Division Chifeng City Department.

On March 24, 2000, the Japanese army began to storm Taierzhuang with the cooperation of planes and artillery. The Japanese army destroyed the northeast city wall with heavy artillery, once invaded the village, and was repelled by 3 1 division officers and soldiers, so it built fortifications in the northern suburbs to provide assistance. On 25th and 26th, two Japanese reinforcements arrived in Taierzhuang. On the 27th, the Japanese army launched two attacks in Taierzhuang, occupying the northeast corner of the city wall, one of which broke into the village and launched a fierce street battle with the 3 1 Division counterattack troops. Japanese invaders were oppressed and detained near temples in the city. After four days of fierce fighting, 3 1 Division suffered more than 2,800 casualties. Division commander Chi Fengcheng reduced the remaining troops of the whole division to seven combat battalions. At about 17 that night, Japanese reinforcements arrived near Taierzhuang, and the situation in Taierzhuang was even more severe.

On March 28th, the Japanese army concentrated its forces, with more than 30 chariots as the forerunner, and cooperated with the Japanese army that had invaded the village the day before yesterday, and stormed the northwest corner of Taierzhuang in an attempt to seize the West Gate and cut off the only passage between our 3/Kloc-0 division and the village. The situation is urgent. Sun Lianzhong, Commander-in-Chief of the Second Army, not only ordered the 31st Division to defend the Taierzhuang position, but also ordered the 27th Division, the 30th Division and the independent 44th Brigade to reinforce the Taierzhuang area, and to counter the Japanese flank and rear from both east and west. The 30 th Division organized all handymen who could fight to fight hand-to-hand with the Japanese army, wall to wall, door to door, and the positions were staggered. Another 57 death squads, dressed in Japanese costumes, sneaked into Japanese positions and made a surprise attack on the Japanese army. For the first time, the China Air Force supported the garrison with nine fighter planes, which greatly boosted morale. After a day of bloody fighting, we finally beat back the Japanese attack.

By early April, the fighting had intensified. The Japanese army captured almost two-thirds of Taierzhuang, cooperated with the Japanese army outside the village, and attacked both inside and outside. Japanese shells, incendiary bombs and tear gas turned the whole village into a sea of fire. Seven or eight of my ten defenders were killed or injured, and Taierzhuang was difficult to care about.

The resistance and bloody battle of the Taizhuang garrison lasted for more than ten days, which firmly contained the two elite divisions of the Japanese army and created conditions for our army to panic in the enemy.

At the end of March, the Tang Legion, which was fighting in the northern periphery of Taierzhuang central defense line, had three armies with a total strength of more than 72,000 people. According to the scheduled plan, the whole division began to go south, attacking the Japanese rear and adopting circuitous tactics. On April 6th, Sakamoto detachment of the 5th Division was defeated in Dige and Yang Lou, which eliminated the danger in Linyi direction, and then quickly went south to Taierzhuang to join forces with the 2nd Army in Sun Lianzhong. The morale of our army has greatly improved. Bai Chongxi, deputy chief of staff, visited Taierzhuang many times. He commented in his memoirs: "Commander Tang is suitable for war. The enemy attacked Taierzhuang, and quickly mobilized troops to attack Shexian County, which was in a stalemate, in order to counter the encirclement and suppression of the enemy of Taierzhuang and echo Sun Lianzhong's department. At the same time, the customs clearance and surrounding areas broke through the Yizhou detachment sent by Linyi to clear Taierzhuang. "

Under the fierce attack of my internal and external forces, the Japanese front wavered. On April 6th, Brigadier General Setagaya ordered the Japanese to retreat from all sides inside and outside Taierzhuang. At 8 pm, our army launched a full-scale counterattack. Tang Jun attacked the city outside the village, and Sun Jun was responsible for the frontal cleaning. At 9: 30, the Japanese powder magazine in Taierzhuang North Park was destroyed by our artillery fire. Late at night, the Japanese army entering Taierzhuang was wiped out by my intensive grenades. In the early morning of April 7, Zhuang Shoujun rushed out of Taierzhuang, pursued northward, and annihilated the Japanese troops in Liujiahu and Sanlizhuang. The remnants of Seto Brigade hurriedly fled to Shexian and Zaozhuang, but the ammunition, clothing, food and bodies of the Japanese soldiers killed in the battle were not taken away. All of them were ignited, and some heavy mechanized weapons were destroyed and abandoned because of the exhaustion of fuel. Only near Taierzhuang, two 155 heavy guns, four crawler tractors and eight tanks were abandoned.

The victory of Taierzhuang campaign greatly enhanced the confidence of the army and the people of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and proved the mistake of "national subjugation theory" with the fact of victory. Zhou Enlai commented on the "victory of Taierzhuang": "Although this battle is in one place, its significance is affecting the overall situation of the campaign, the whole country, the enemy and the world!"