Bai Juyi's feelings of looking at the moon

Author: Bai Juyi

Original text:

Since the chaos in Henan Province, there has been hunger and cold in Shanhaiguan Pass.

Brothers are separated, each in one place.

Because of the feeling of looking at the moon and talking about books,

Send it to Brother Fuliang,

Brother Yu Qian, brother Wu Jiang,

He also showed Liv and his brothers and sisters.

The family business is in a year of disaster, and the brothers are scattered.

After the war, the countryside was deserted and the flesh and blood fled to a foreign land.

The injured shadow is like a lonely wild goose, wandering like a broken-rooted autumn canopy.

* * * Looking at the bright moon and crying, for the heart, five places, all sick and willing.

Precautions:

1, Henan: Henan Road in Tang Dynasty, which governs most parts of Henan Province and parts of Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui.

2. Guannei: Guannei Road, which governs most of Shaanxi and parts of Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia. Stop hunger: Suffer from difficulties such as famine.

3. Big Brother Fuliang: Bai Juyi, a big brother, traveled, and served as the main book of Raozhou Fuliang (now Jiangxi) during the 14th and 5th years of Zhenyuan.

4. Yu Qian's seven brothers: the eldest son of Bai Juyi's uncle Ji Kang, who served as the county magistrate of Yu Qian (now Lin 'an County, Zhejiang Province).

5. Wujiang Fifteen Brothers: Bai Juyi's slave brother Yi is the master book of Wujiang (now Anhui County).

6. Liv: In today's Suzhou City, Anhui Province. Bai Juyi's father worked as an official in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou) for many years and settled his family in Fuli.

7. Xiayi: County name, located in Weinan County, Shaanxi Province. Bai Zu was born here.

8. World industry: industry passed down from generation to generation.

9. Travel: Still drifting.

10, sparse: cold.

1 1, fighting: these are two kinds of weapons, which means war here.

12, root: Yu Brothers.

13, hanging shadow: self-pity shadow, no relatives around, alone sad about his figure.

14. Thousand-mile geese: refers to wandering geese and lonely geese.

15, Jiuqiupeng: In autumn, Cao Peng leaves fall to the roots and fly with the wind. The ancients used it to describe a wanderer wandering in a foreign land.

16, September: autumn.

Translation:

As Henan experienced the war,

The blockage of grain transportation in Guanzhong area led to famine.

Our brothers are also displaced and separated,

Everyone is in one place.

Because when I saw the moon, I felt something,

I wrote a song casually and recorded my feelings.

Send it to the eldest brother on the floating beam and the seventh brother on the dive.

The fifteenth brother is in Wujiang and Li Zaifu.

Look at my brothers and sisters.

The world is difficult, the war is chaotic, and the family business is empty;

Brothers wander in different places, each in the west and each in the east.

After the war, it was deserted everywhere, and the countryside was deserted;

The flesh and blood are separated and wandering, and the two places are separated.

Lonely geese are thousands of miles apart and inseparable;

Brothers with the same roots go with the wind, just like the canopy in autumn.

The ends of the earth * * * see the bright moon, all tears;

Homesickness tonight, you and I are United, and the five places are the same.

Appreciate:

A lyric poem written in the autumn of 799 (the 15th year of Zhenyuan in Tang Dezong). At that time, the poet went to Fuli (Suzhou City, Anhui Province), and there was a poem "After the chaos, Liugou Temple" in Fuli. The brothers and sisters mentioned in the title may be separated from the poet himself, so there are five places altogether. In the spring of 799 AD (the 15th year of Zhenyuan), the time of Xuanwu made Dong Jin's men rebel after his death, and then Wu Shaocheng rebelled in China, Guangxi and Cai. The Tang court sent sixteen military forces to attack, and the war took place in Henan. At that time, the southern water transport mainly passed through Henan Pass. Guan was hungry because of the chaos in Henan. Full of poetry, I miss your brothers and sisters after writing the mess.

This poem reads like listening to the poet pour out his own chaos. In this era of war, famine and disaster, the ancestral business has been hollowed out, and brothers and sisters have abandoned their homes and lost their jobs and separated from each other. Looking back at my hometown and countryside after the war, it was desolate and desolate. Although dilapidated garden houses exist, separated compatriots go their separate ways in a foreign land. Starting from the disasters of this era, the first two couplets of the poem summarize the typical bitter real life of frequent wars, abandoned homes and separation of brothers and sisters with personal experience. Then the poet compared the wild goose with Peng: brother and sister are separated by one side, just like lonely geese flying thousands of miles away, and they can only feel sorry for themselves; Farewell to my hometown, like a loose grass with its roots broken in late autumn, flies away with the bleak west wind and floats around indefinitely. I groaned at my own shadow, like a lonely wandering wild goose, and I was torn from my roots, just like the water plants in autumn that people have always said. The poet not only made a vivid contrast between The Lonely Goose in a Thousand Miles and The Broken Crown in Nine Autumn, but also gave them a lonely and sad mood with vivid descriptions such as hanging shadows and scattered roots, which profoundly revealed the scattered sufferings of the war. Lonely poets can't sleep in the middle of the night, looking up at the bright moon hanging alone in the night sky, and can't help thinking of brothers and sisters floating around them. He thought: if everyone is looking up at this round of bright moon that tempts infinite homesickness, they will also cry like themselves! I'm afraid that on this night, so are five deeply homesick hearts. Here, with sincere poetic thoughts, the poet constructs a homesick picture caused by looking at the moon in five places, thus closing the whole poem and creating a simple, sincere and attractive artistic realm.

The whole poem uses simple and homely words to express the true feelings that people have, but not everyone can express. In the Qing Dynasty, Liu Xizai said in "An Outline of Art": Common sayings are easy, strange words are difficult, and this poem is also at the beginning. Strange words are easy, but common sayings are difficult, so this poem is also important. Xiangshan is often used strangely. This place is not easy. Bai Juyi's poem needs no allusions, and it is a masterpiece with simple and plain language, profound meaning and touching charm.

Looking at the moon and remembering the past

The moon, at this time is at sea, over the end of the world.

People who love hate long nights and sleepless nights and miss their loved ones.

Put out the candle to love this moonlit room, and I wander in the deep night dew in my clothes.

You can't have beautiful moonlight, just want to meet you in your dreams.

To annotate ...

⑵ I blew out the candle, it was not dark, I put on my coat, and it was not warm: I was in a trance when I was describing acacia, and I didn't want to go outside from the room. Love the moon, put out candles, get dressed and write sleepless.

(2) remote night: long night. Night: Night is night.

(3) pity: love. Zi: Healthy.

(4) full hand: the meaning of full hand.

Comment and analysis

This poem is a masterpiece of yearning for the moon, writing lyrical scenery and blending scenes at the same time. When the poet saw the bright moon, he immediately thought of his distant relatives. At the moment, he was watching with me. People who love the past will inevitably miss them all night and stay awake all night. Living indoors, putting out the candles to look at the moon and cleaning up the house is even more lovely; When you wear clothes and go out, the dew will moisten you, and practicing moonlight will make you more intoxicated. In this situation, it suddenly occurred to me that although the moonlight is beautiful, it can't be picked and given to distant relatives. It's better to go back indoors and find a beautiful dream or a pleasant date to look forward to.

The artistic conception of the poem is beautiful and sincere. The level is thorough and orderly, the language is bright and sonorous, and you can savor it carefully, such as olives, which are infinitely sweet. "Bright moon in the sky, brightening the whole of heaven" is an eternal phrase with bold and open artistic conception. The title of this poem is "Looking at the Moon and Thinking about the Distance". The whole poem centers on "hope" and "bosom" and takes "moon" and "far" as lyric objects. Therefore, the moon is everywhere in the poem, and every sentence is far away from the bosom. The moon is so gentle, the feelings are so calm, and the affection in the poem is so lingering and not sentimental. Language is naturally muddy and does not show traces. This style has a far-reaching influence on later poets such as Meng Haoran and Wang Wei.

Make an appreciative comment

"The bright moon is in the sky, and the horizon is * * * at this time."

Write a sentence describing the scenery. The sentence is from scenery to emotion. The poet painted a picture in simple and natural language: a bright moon rises from Ran Ran on the other side of the East China Sea, showing an infinitely vast, magnificent and moving scene. It is precisely because the bright moon is so mysterious and unpredictable that it naturally evokes the endless thoughts of the people in the poem. He imagined that people who are far away from the world may be thinking about the moon at this time. In the poem, people don't say they miss each other at the full moon, but imagine they miss themselves at the full moon. The conception is ingenious and meaningful, which vividly reflects the profound sustenance of this poem. This poem with the word "sheng" is very vivid, which is similar to the word "sheng" in Zhang's poem "The bright moon on the sea is born with the tide". At this time, the phrase "Tianya * * *" comes from Xie Zhuang's Yuefu. The poet skillfully combines scenery writing with lyricism. While writing * * * to each other on the bright moon, it also contains nostalgia. The first couplet caught this problem, and the following sentences came into being.

"Bring a separated heart and long-term consideration at night."

Many lovers hate this long night and miss the bright moon, so they can't sleep all night. This is the expression of people's ambivalence from imagination to reality and from full moon to sleep. Here, many lovers' chain action process from longing for the distance to thinking hard, from thinking hard to falling asleep, and from falling asleep to complaining about the long night also includes their subjective feelings. What deep feelings this "long night of resentment" contains!

"Although I blew out the candles, it didn't get dark, and although I put on my coat, it didn't get warm."

The person who wrote this poem was in Philip Burkart, and he missed it all night. After the candle went out, Yuehua was particularly cute, so she put on her clothes and walked out of the room, looking up at the moon alone and meditating. I don't know how long it took him to wake up until the dew wet his clothes. This is an image suffering from lovesickness. This couplet seems to be about enjoying the moon, but in fact it contains profound thoughts. The brightness of the bright moon is the easiest way to introduce lovesickness. The poet leaps forward in thinking, imagining that the moonlight can become the embodiment of the person he misses, and the body can rely on it as a companion. How the poet wants to make this fantasy come true! Therefore, "extinguishing the candle" is precisely to follow the moonlight; "Get Dressed" is to spend more time with Yue Hua, and the scene inside is very similar to "I don't know each other at this time, and I hope flowers will shine on you every month" (Zhang's "Moonlit Night on the Spring River"). Poetry is about the loveliness of moonlight and the poet's profound meaning. This correlation is neat and depressing. The two verbs "pity" and "feeling" in the sentence are well used, which fully expresses the feelings of people in the poem who miss people far away. This is a kind of situational writing that looks at the moon because of it. It is more profound and enlightening to outline a candle with a dark moon. People are single-minded and bitter, and they look at the moon and think about the peace of mind.

"So I left my message to the moon and then turned to my bed, hoping to have a dream."

Because I miss people far away and can't meet each other, I can't help but have the idea of giving the moon to people far away. There is a saying in Lu Ji's ancient poem "Bright Moon He Jiao" in the Jin Dynasty: "There is afterglow in it, which is not enough to capture." The sentence, "So I leave my message to the moon" in the poem is transformed in this way. Then came the dream of finding a dream. This is a helpless delusion. But this set off the poet's deep affection for the people who miss him from afar, making the poem more concrete and meaningful. Poetry comes to an abrupt end at the intersection of disappointment and hope, and it is particularly meaningful to read.

Looking at the moon, thinking of a distant one.

Looking at the moon, thinking of a person in the distance, Zhang Jiuling.

The moon, at this time is at sea, over the end of the world.

People who love hate long nights and sleepless nights and miss their loved ones.

Put out the candle to love this moonlit room, and I wander in the deep night dew in my clothes.

You can't have beautiful moonlight, just want to meet you in your dreams.

Translation and annotation

A bright moon rises slowly from the sea;

Look up with me, there is Iraq in the distance.

Lovers are far apart and share a common hatred for the long night;

I stayed up all night, tossing and turning.

Put out the candle and enjoy the moon, and the clear light pours all over the ground;

I got up and put on my clothes to relax, and suddenly I felt dew invade my muscles.

Although the moonlight is beautiful, it is hard to pick and send it to distant relatives;

Might as well go home to sleep, or dream of meeting each other.

1, put out the candle: I was in a trance when I wrote about lovesickness, and I didn't feel like walking from indoor to outdoor. Love the moon, put out candles, get dressed and write sleepless.

Make an appreciative comment

This poem is a masterpiece of yearning for the moon, writing lyrical scenery and blending scenes at the same time. When the poet saw the bright moon, he immediately thought of his distant relatives. At the moment, he was watching with me. People who love the past will inevitably miss them all night and stay awake all night. Living indoors, putting out the candles to look at the moon and cleaning up the house is even more lovely; When you wear clothes and go out, the dew will moisten you, and practicing moonlight will make you more intoxicated. In this situation, it suddenly occurred to me that although the moonlight is beautiful, it can't be picked and given to distant relatives. It's better to go back indoors and find a beautiful dream or a pleasant date to look forward to.

The artistic conception of the poem is beautiful and sincere. The level is thorough and orderly, the language is bright and sonorous, and you can savor it carefully, such as olives, which are infinitely sweet. The moon, now full of flowers, has crossed the sea. At this time, it is an eternal story, and its artistic conception is bold and open-minded.

Bai Juyi sells charcoal Weng

Charcoal seller

Author: Bai Juyi

Original text:

An old man selling charcoal cuts wood and burns charcoal in the mountains in the south all year round.

His face was covered with dust, which was the color of smoke burning, his temples were gray, and his ten fingers were burnt black.

What is the money for selling charcoal for? Buy clothes, buy food in your mouth.

Pity that he is wearing thin clothes, but he is worried that charcoal can't be sold, hoping it will be colder.

At night, it snowed a foot thick outside the city. Early in the morning, the old man drove a charcoal wheel to the market.

Cows are tired and people are hungry, but the sun has risen very high. They are resting in the mud outside the south gate of the market.

Who is that proud man riding on two horses? It was the eunuchs in the palace and eunuchs who did it.

The eunuch, with documents in his hand and the emperor's orders in his mouth, shouted at the petrified palace.

A load of charcoal, more than 1000 kilograms, eunuch attendants to drive away, the old man is helpless, but there is no way.

Those people put half a piece of red yarn and a piece of silk on their heads as the price of charcoal.

Precautions:

1, Charcoal Man: This song is selected from Bai Changqing's collection. This is the thirty-second poem in the "New Yuefu" group, with the caption: Miyagi Yeh. The palace market refers to the things needed in the court of the Tang Dynasty. Taking them away from the market and giving them some money casually is actually an open plunder. Tang Dezong used eunuchs to manage it.

2. Logging: Logging.

3. Salary: firewood.

4. Nanshan: the mountain in the south of the city.

5, fireworks color: smoked face. The hardship of selling charcoal Weng is highlighted here.

6, Cang Cang: pale.

7. acquisition: acquisition.

8. He Suoying: What should I do? Camp, management, here refers to seeking.

9. Rolling (ni ǐ n): the same rolling, rolling.

10, wish: hope.

1 1, track: the track rolled by wheels rolling on the ground.

12, sleepy: sleepy, tired.

13, city: market.

14, Pian Pian: a light and free-and-easy situation. It is described here as getting carried away.

15, riding (j): a rider.

16, emissary in white and yellow: emissary in yellow refers to the eunuch in the palace. White shirt, refers to the eunuch's minions.

17, take: take.

18, chi (ch): the emperor's order or imperial edict.

19, back: turn around.

20. Hey: Hey.

2 1, 1000 kilograms: it's not a real reference, but it describes a lot.

22, driving: rushing away.

23, cherish: reluctant. Yes, I can. Cherish and give up

24. Half a horse is red and one foot is silk: In commercial transactions in the Tang Dynasty, silk products such as silk can be used instead of money. At that time, Qian Guisi was cheap, half a yarn and a silk were far less than the value of a car full of charcoal. This is the official use of cheap prices to seize the wealth of the people.

25. Department: Hang.

26. Straight: Pass the value and pass the price.

Translation:

An old man selling charcoal is chopping wood and burning charcoal in Nanshan. His face was covered with dust, showing the color of smoke and fire, his temples were gray and his ten fingers were blackened by charcoal. What is the money from selling charcoal for? Buy clothes to wear and food to eat in your mouth. It's a pity that he only wears thin clothes, but he is worried that charcoal can't be sold in hot weather, hoping it will be colder. A foot of snow fell outside the city at night. In the morning, the old man drove a charcoal car over the frozen wheel tracks and headed for the market. Cattle are tired and people are hungry, but the sun has risen very high, and the old man is resting in the mud outside the south gate of the market. Who are the first two free and easy riders? It's a pawn of the eunuch in the palace. They had documents in their hands, but they said it was the emperor's order. Then they turned around and shouted at the cow to pull it to the north. A load of charcoal was so heavy that the messenger in the palace insisted on driving it away. The old man regretted it, but there was nothing he could do. The messenger in the palace hung half a horse's yarn and a column of silk on the cow's head as the price of charcoal.

Appreciate:

In the first four sentences, it is difficult to write about selling charcoal. The summary of reducing salary and burning charcoal is complicated and the labor process is long. His face was covered with dust and fireworks, his temples were gray and his fingers were black. He vividly described the portrait of a charcoal seller, wrote the hardships of labor, and also got the image performance. Point out the workplace in Nanshan, which is written by Wang Wei and Zhong Nanshan in "I call a woodcutter crossing the river" and needs a place to spend the night, where jackals haunt and are desolate. In such an environment, Dai Yue, Frost and Snow, axe to axe to cut wages, kiln to kiln to burn charcoal, very easy to burn more than 1000 kilograms, each kilogram is full of hard work, but also embodies hope. Writing to a charcoal seller is the result of his efforts, which distinguishes him from charcoal sellers. However, if this charcoal seller still has land, planting and harvesting by himself will not be hungry and cold, and only use his spare time to burn charcoal and sell it to subsidize his family, then his burden of charcoal will be plundered and there will be other ways to live. But this is not the case. The genius of the poet lies in that he did not personally introduce the family economic situation of the charcoal seller to the readers, but set it as a question and answer: What is the business of selling charcoal for money? Buy clothes, buy food in your mouth. This question and answer not only turned the board into a living thing, but also made the literary situation ups and downs and swaying, and expanded the depth and breadth of reflecting the sufferings of the people, so that we can clearly see that this laborer was exploited to poverty and had no source of food and clothing; With clothes on his body and food in his mouth, I hope the thousands of kilograms of charcoal he worked so hard to burn can fetch a good price. This laid a solid foundation for later writing the crime of imperial envoys plundering charcoal.

Pity that he is wearing thin clothes, but he is worried that charcoal can't be sold, hoping it will be colder. This is a well-known sentence. With clothes, I naturally hope the weather will be warm. And charcoal sellers put all their hopes of solving food and clothing on selling charcoal to get money, so they are worried about charcoal and wish it were cold. When he was shivering with cold, he hoped it would be colder. The poet deeply understands the difficult situation and complicated inner activities of the charcoal seller. It only takes a dozen words to be so vivid, and he also pours infinite sympathy with the word "pity". How can he not make people cry?

These two poems are a bridge from the first half to the second half in terms of composition. Worrying about charcoal and wishing for cold is actually looking forward to cold wind and heavy snow. It snowed a foot thick outside the city at night, and the heavy snow finally came! Don't worry about charcoal anymore! Will the dignitaries and wealthy businessmen at the foot of the son of heaven haggle over the trivial price of charcoal for heating? When Xiao, a charcoal seller, rolled ice in a charcoal cart, all he could think about was not complaining about how difficult it was to walk on the icy road, but how much money the charcoal cart could sell and how much clothes and food he could take. If a novelist writes, he can use a lot of pen and ink to write about the psychological activities of selling charcoal Weng along the way, but the poet didn't write a word, because he opened up a vast imaginary world for readers in front.

It is easy for a charcoal seller to burn a car full of charcoal. I hope it will snow, and I hope he can get money to buy food and clothes along the way. However, what is the result? Instead, he met a court envoy who pretended to be embarrassed about paperwork. In front of the messengers of the palace, the documents and decrees of the emperor, all the calculations and hopes of the charcoal sellers in the long process of reducing wages, burning charcoal, wishing the weather cold, catching charcoal carts, rolling ice and lying in the mud have come to nothing!

It's a long way to learn from Nanshan to Chang 'an. When the charcoal seller rested in the mud outside the south gate of the city, he was already a sleepy and hungry cow; Now they go back to the car, scold the cows and take them to the north, and send charcoal to the palace. Of course, cows are more sleepy and people are more hungry. Then, when the charcoal seller went back to Zhong Nanshan hungry, what was he thinking? How will he live in the future? None of this was written by a poet, but the reader can't help thinking about it. Thinking of all this, we can't help but sympathize with the experience of charcoal sellers and hate the sins of rulers. The poet's creative intention of exhausting Miyagi has achieved the expected results.